We evaluated the efficacy of four entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and their compatibility with the bioinsecticide spinosad for control of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) under laboratory conditions. Three EPF, including Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Criveili) Vuillemin isolates Z1 and Iran 1395C, Lecanicillium (= Verticillium) lecanii (Zimmerman) Zare & Gams, isolate Iran 229, and Purpureocillium (Paecilomyces) lilacinum (Thom) Luangs-ard, Hywel-Jones & Samson, isolate Iran 1026 were tested against third and fifth larval instars of Ephestia kuehniella using a filter paper bioassay. Mortality caused by the EPF ranged from 63.3-72.5% for third instars and 50-65.5% for fifth instars, with LT50 ranging from 8.4-10.5 d and 10.1-12.9 d, respectively. The effect of spinosad at LC10 (= 26.2 ppm) on EPF spore germination was evaluated and found to be negligible, ranging from 0% for B. bassiana Z1 to 5.7% for P. lilacinum. The LC50 values for spinosad against third and fifth instar E. kuehniella larvae were 452.5 and 1446 ppm, respectively. Subsequently, spinosad at LC10 was applied to third instar E. kuehniella larvae 24 h before application of the EPFs at LC50. The addition of spinosad to applications of L. lecanii and B. bassiana Z1 and Iran1395C isolates synergized their pathogenicity to E. kuehniella larvae, whereas the effect was merely additive for P. lilacinum. Our results suggest that these EPF isolates can be used effectively in combination with spinosad for management of E. kuehniella in stored products.
{"title":"Sublethal concentrations of spinosad synergize the pathogenicity of fungi to larvae of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)","authors":"F. Sohrabi, F. Jamali, J. Michaud","doi":"10.14411/EJE.2021.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/EJE.2021.015","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the efficacy of four entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and their compatibility with the bioinsecticide spinosad for control of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) under laboratory conditions. Three EPF, including Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Criveili) Vuillemin isolates Z1 and Iran 1395C, Lecanicillium (= Verticillium) lecanii (Zimmerman) Zare & Gams, isolate Iran 229, and Purpureocillium (Paecilomyces) lilacinum (Thom) Luangs-ard, Hywel-Jones & Samson, isolate Iran 1026 were tested against third and fifth larval instars of Ephestia kuehniella using a filter paper bioassay. Mortality caused by the EPF ranged from 63.3-72.5% for third instars and 50-65.5% for fifth instars, with LT50 ranging from 8.4-10.5 d and 10.1-12.9 d, respectively. The effect of spinosad at LC10 (= 26.2 ppm) on EPF spore germination was evaluated and found to be negligible, ranging from 0% for B. bassiana Z1 to 5.7% for P. lilacinum. The LC50 values for spinosad against third and fifth instar E. kuehniella larvae were 452.5 and 1446 ppm, respectively. Subsequently, spinosad at LC10 was applied to third instar E. kuehniella larvae 24 h before application of the EPFs at LC50. The addition of spinosad to applications of L. lecanii and B. bassiana Z1 and Iran1395C isolates synergized their pathogenicity to E. kuehniella larvae, whereas the effect was merely additive for P. lilacinum. Our results suggest that these EPF isolates can be used effectively in combination with spinosad for management of E. kuehniella in stored products.","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":"118 1","pages":"142-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45549297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effectiveness of field releases of nymphs of Anthocoris nemoralis (F.) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in controlling the olive psyllid, Euphyllura olivina Costa (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Field trials were conducted in two successive years (2014 and 2015) in two organic olive orchards located in the region of Sfax (Tunisia) using two treatments: low (release of 10 A. nemoralis nymphs/tree) and high (release of 40 A. nemoralis nymphs/tree) applied two times, the first on March 3 and second on March 17. In both olive orchards, the high treatment was the most effective in controlling the increase of E. olivina in the spring. The A. nemoralis population grew gradually and reached a single peak towards the end of April. In control and low treatment plots, despite the significant increase in predator populations, psylla abundance was not controlled. After the second release, however, in high treatment plots a reduction in psyllid density was recorded. An expected effect of the A. nemoralis releases was a reduced parasitic activity of Psyllaephagus euphyllurae (Masi) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).
{"title":"Effectiveness of inundative releases of Anthocoris nemoralis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in controlling the olive psyllid Euphyllura olivina (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)","authors":"N. Gharbi","doi":"10.14411/EJE.2021.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/EJE.2021.014","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effectiveness of field releases of nymphs of Anthocoris nemoralis (F.) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in controlling the olive psyllid, Euphyllura olivina Costa (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Field trials were conducted in two successive years (2014 and 2015) in two organic olive orchards located in the region of Sfax (Tunisia) using two treatments: low (release of 10 A. nemoralis nymphs/tree) and high (release of 40 A. nemoralis nymphs/tree) applied two times, the first on March 3 and second on March 17. In both olive orchards, the high treatment was the most effective in controlling the increase of E. olivina in the spring. The A. nemoralis population grew gradually and reached a single peak towards the end of April. In control and low treatment plots, despite the significant increase in predator populations, psylla abundance was not controlled. After the second release, however, in high treatment plots a reduction in psyllid density was recorded. An expected effect of the A. nemoralis releases was a reduced parasitic activity of Psyllaephagus euphyllurae (Masi) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":"118 1","pages":"135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43399028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The functions of the larval salivary glands (SGs) of Drosophila are traditionally associated with the production of a massive secretion during puparium formation; it is exocytosed into a centrally located lumen and subsequently expectorated via ducts, the pharynx and mouth. This so-called proteinaceous glue serves as an adhesive to attach the puparial case to a solid substrate. Great attention has been paid to the secretory cells of SGs, which are famous for their giant polytene chromosomes. However, substantially less attention has been devoted to individual or common ducts that form the most proximal portion of the SG organ via which the glue is released into the pharynx. In the present paper, we describe the organization and fine structure of the taenidia, highly specialized circumferential ring-like extracellular (cuticular) components on the internal side of these tubes. Two chitin-specific probes that have previously been used to recognize taenidia in Drosophila tracheae, Calcofluor White M2R (also known as Fluorescent Brightener 28) and the novel vital fluorescent dye SiR-COOH, show positively stained ductal taenidia in late larval SGs. As seen using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the interior of the ductal tube contains regular and densely-arranged ridge-like circumferential rings which represent local thickenings of the cuticle in various geometries. The microtubular arrays that optically colocalize with taenidia in both the trachea and SG ducts are specifically and strongly recognized by fluorescently-conjugated colchicine as well as anti-tubulin antibody. In contrast to taenidia in the tracheae, the analogous structures in SG ducts cannot be detected by fluorescently-labeled phalloidin or even actin-GFP fusion protein, suggesting that the ducts lack a cortical network made of filamentous actin. We speculate that these taenidia may serve to reinforce the duct during the secretory processes that SGs undergo during late larval and late prepupal stages.
果蝇幼虫唾液腺（SG）的功能传统上与蛹形成过程中大量分泌有关；它被胞吐到位于中心的管腔中，随后通过导管、咽部和口腔排痰。这种所谓的蛋白质胶可以作为粘合剂将蛹壳附着在固体基质上。SGs的分泌细胞以其巨大的多线染色体而闻名。然而，对形成SG器官最近端部分的单个或常见导管的关注要少得多，通过这些导管将胶水释放到咽部。在本文中，我们描述了带绦虫的组织和精细结构，带绦虫是这些管内侧高度特化的环状细胞外（表皮）成分。两种先前用于识别果蝇气管中带绦虫的几丁质特异性探针，Calcofluor White M2R（也称为荧光增白剂28）和新型重要荧光染料SiR-COOH，在晚期幼虫SG中显示出阳性染色的导管带绦虫。如使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）所见，导管内部包含规则且密集排列的脊状环，其代表不同几何形状的角质层的局部增厚。气管和SG导管中与带绦虫光学共定位的微管阵列被荧光缀合的秋水仙碱和抗微管蛋白抗体特异性且强烈地识别。与气管中的带绦虫不同，SG导管中的类似结构不能通过荧光标记的鬼笔蛋白甚至肌动蛋白-GFP融合蛋白检测到，这表明导管缺乏由丝状肌动蛋白组成的皮层网络。我们推测，在SGs在幼虫后期和前期后期经历的分泌过程中，这些带绦虫可能有助于增强导管。
{"title":"Fine structure of Drosophila larval salivary gland ducts as revealed by laser confocal microscopy and SEM","authors":"D. Beňová‐Liszeková, M. Beňo, R. Farkas","doi":"10.14411/EJE.2021.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/EJE.2021.013","url":null,"abstract":"The functions of the larval salivary glands (SGs) of Drosophila are traditionally associated with the production of a massive secretion during puparium formation; it is exocytosed into a centrally located lumen and subsequently expectorated via ducts, the pharynx and mouth. This so-called proteinaceous glue serves as an adhesive to attach the puparial case to a solid substrate. Great attention has been paid to the secretory cells of SGs, which are famous for their giant polytene chromosomes. However, substantially less attention has been devoted to individual or common ducts that form the most proximal portion of the SG organ via which the glue is released into the pharynx. In the present paper, we describe the organization and fine structure of the taenidia, highly specialized circumferential ring-like extracellular (cuticular) components on the internal side of these tubes. Two chitin-specific probes that have previously been used to recognize taenidia in Drosophila tracheae, Calcofluor White M2R (also known as Fluorescent Brightener 28) and the novel vital fluorescent dye SiR-COOH, show positively stained ductal taenidia in late larval SGs. As seen using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the interior of the ductal tube contains regular and densely-arranged ridge-like circumferential rings which represent local thickenings of the cuticle in various geometries. The microtubular arrays that optically colocalize with taenidia in both the trachea and SG ducts are specifically and strongly recognized by fluorescently-conjugated colchicine as well as anti-tubulin antibody. In contrast to taenidia in the tracheae, the analogous structures in SG ducts cannot be detected by fluorescently-labeled phalloidin or even actin-GFP fusion protein, suggesting that the ducts lack a cortical network made of filamentous actin. We speculate that these taenidia may serve to reinforce the duct during the secretory processes that SGs undergo during late larval and late prepupal stages.","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":"118 1","pages":"123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49590961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Heller, M. Heller, M. Volleth, J. Samietz, C. Hemp
In bush-crickets, males produce a calling song to announce their presence to females. Females ready to mate respond either by a phonotactic approach or signal their presence acoustically by establishing a kind of duet. This duetting behaviour is typical of phaneropterid bush-crickets, of which many species in Europe are flightless. In the long-winged genus Phaneroptera, the females also respond acoustically to the male calling song, which is quite similar in the three west European species in this genus. After acoustical contact, however, the behaviour of males and females of the three species differ markedly. In P. nana, males and females engage in a duet in which the female responds to each syllable of the male song (and he approaches her). In P. falcata, the female only responds to certain elements of the male song that are produced at long intervals. However, after her response the male does not change its song or its position, but often increases its singing activity (and the female approaches him). In P. sparsa the female only responds to particular, very complicated and soft elements of the male song, which are typically repeated at intervals of several to many minutes. After hearing the response, the male drastically changes its song by producing only the soft elements. These parts of the song contain syllables with a unique spectral composition and others that may threaten eavesdropping rivals. In this species both sexes probably move towards each other during mate localization. At present, we can only speculate about the adaptive nature of the different strategies.
{"title":"Similar songs, but different mate localization strategies of the three species of Phaneroptera occurring in Western Europe (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae)","authors":"K. Heller, M. Heller, M. Volleth, J. Samietz, C. Hemp","doi":"10.14411/EJE.2021.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/EJE.2021.012","url":null,"abstract":"In bush-crickets, males produce a calling song to announce their presence to females. Females ready to mate respond either by a phonotactic approach or signal their presence acoustically by establishing a kind of duet. This duetting behaviour is typical of phaneropterid bush-crickets, of which many species in Europe are flightless. In the long-winged genus Phaneroptera, the females also respond acoustically to the male calling song, which is quite similar in the three west European species in this genus. After acoustical contact, however, the behaviour of males and females of the three species differ markedly. In P. nana, males and females engage in a duet in which the female responds to each syllable of the male song (and he approaches her). In P. falcata, the female only responds to certain elements of the male song that are produced at long intervals. However, after her response the male does not change its song or its position, but often increases its singing activity (and the female approaches him). In P. sparsa the female only responds to particular, very complicated and soft elements of the male song, which are typically repeated at intervals of several to many minutes. After hearing the response, the male drastically changes its song by producing only the soft elements. These parts of the song contain syllables with a unique spectral composition and others that may threaten eavesdropping rivals. In this species both sexes probably move towards each other during mate localization. At present, we can only speculate about the adaptive nature of the different strategies.","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":"118 1","pages":"111-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46428155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Species in the bark beetle tribe Hypoborini Nusslin, 1912 occur in dead twigs and branches, mainly in dry forest. The Afrotropical fauna previously included ten species in five genera. A taxonomic revision based on molecular and morphological data supports the description of three new genera and seven new species, and the creation of a new subtribe Xerasiborina Jordal, subtrib. n. in order to take account of the difference between crested and non-crested (elytral base) hypoborines. The new subtribe includes Xerasiborus Jordal, gen. n., Nisiborus Jordal, gen. n. and tentatively Glochiphorus Strohmeyer, 1910. Hypoborina in the Afrotropical region includes Dacryostactus Schaufuss, 1905, Styracoptinus Wood, 1962, Afrotrypetus Bright, 1982 stat. res., and Corditarsus Jordal, gen. n., with Hypoborus Erichson, 1836 and Liparthrum Wollaston, 1854 as geographically close members in the warm Palearctic. New species described are Xerasiborus quadrituberculatus Jordal, sp. n., Xerasiborus bituberculatus Jordal, sp. n., Xerasiborus euphorbiae Jordal, sp. n. and Xerasiborus asperatus Jordal, sp. n., all from Madagascar, Xerasiborus zambesianus Jordal, sp. n. from Tanzania, Nisiborus schaufussi Jordal, sp. n. from Madagascar and Afrotrypetus capensis Jordal, sp. n. from South Africa. New combinations include Nisiborus hylesiniformis (Schedl, 1961), comb. n. (from Cryphyophthorus Schedl, 1953), Corditarsus australis (Schedl, 1975) comb. n. (from Liparthrum), Corditarsus tanganyikaensis (Schedl, 1972) comb. n. (from Hypoborus) and Afrotrypetus euphorbiae Bright, 1981 comb. res. (from Styracoptinus). Three genera were removed from Hypoborini: Chaetophloeus LeConte, 1876 and placed in Chaetophloeini Jordal, trib. n., Zygophloeus Schedl, 1958 in Hylesinini Erichson, 1836 and Cryphyophthorus Schedl, 1953 as a genus incertae sedis. Biogeographical analyses indicate an early Palaeocene origin of Hypoborini, with an ancestral area split between Asia/Africa and Madagascar. Only a single colonization of Madagascar occurred, with a single recolonization of the African mainland. The more species-rich Mediterranean and Macaronesian radiation in Liparthrum occurred later in the Oligocene, most likely prior to the origin of the Atlantic islands.
{"title":"Molecular and morphological revision of Afrotropical Hypoborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) revealed novel bark beetle taxa with narrow geographical distributions","authors":"B. Jordal","doi":"10.14411/EJE.2021.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/EJE.2021.011","url":null,"abstract":"Species in the bark beetle tribe Hypoborini Nusslin, 1912 occur in dead twigs and branches, mainly in dry forest. The Afrotropical fauna previously included ten species in five genera. A taxonomic revision based on molecular and morphological data supports the description of three new genera and seven new species, and the creation of a new subtribe Xerasiborina Jordal, subtrib. n. in order to take account of the difference between crested and non-crested (elytral base) hypoborines. The new subtribe includes Xerasiborus Jordal, gen. n., Nisiborus Jordal, gen. n. and tentatively Glochiphorus Strohmeyer, 1910. Hypoborina in the Afrotropical region includes Dacryostactus Schaufuss, 1905, Styracoptinus Wood, 1962, Afrotrypetus Bright, 1982 stat. res., and Corditarsus Jordal, gen. n., with Hypoborus Erichson, 1836 and Liparthrum Wollaston, 1854 as geographically close members in the warm Palearctic. New species described are Xerasiborus quadrituberculatus Jordal, sp. n., Xerasiborus bituberculatus Jordal, sp. n., Xerasiborus euphorbiae Jordal, sp. n. and Xerasiborus asperatus Jordal, sp. n., all from Madagascar, Xerasiborus zambesianus Jordal, sp. n. from Tanzania, Nisiborus schaufussi Jordal, sp. n. from Madagascar and Afrotrypetus capensis Jordal, sp. n. from South Africa. New combinations include Nisiborus hylesiniformis (Schedl, 1961), comb. n. (from Cryphyophthorus Schedl, 1953), Corditarsus australis (Schedl, 1975) comb. n. (from Liparthrum), Corditarsus tanganyikaensis (Schedl, 1972) comb. n. (from Hypoborus) and Afrotrypetus euphorbiae Bright, 1981 comb. res. (from Styracoptinus). Three genera were removed from Hypoborini: Chaetophloeus LeConte, 1876 and placed in Chaetophloeini Jordal, trib. n., Zygophloeus Schedl, 1958 in Hylesinini Erichson, 1836 and Cryphyophthorus Schedl, 1953 as a genus incertae sedis. Biogeographical analyses indicate an early Palaeocene origin of Hypoborini, with an ancestral area split between Asia/Africa and Madagascar. Only a single colonization of Madagascar occurred, with a single recolonization of the African mainland. The more species-rich Mediterranean and Macaronesian radiation in Liparthrum occurred later in the Oligocene, most likely prior to the origin of the Atlantic islands.","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":"118 1","pages":"90-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48635825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because it is an important pest of rice, Abidama liuensis Metcalf is well documented in terms of its bioecology and control. However, there are few studies on the biology of this pest. In this study, a technique was developed for rearing this insect under laboratory conditions (26 ± 2°C; 75 ± 3% RH; and 12L : 12D photoperiod) and its immature stages are described. Egg development is divided into four stages, of which S1 took the longest time (accounting for 11.70% of total developmental time); 90% of the eggs that completed S2, hatched. Nymphal instars can be distinguished by body size, colour and other morphological features. Total developmental period of immature stages was approximately 50 d, with the averages of the fi ve stadia 5.18, 4.33, 5.28, 10.41 and 8.5 days, respectively. Using this rearing technique, it is possible to rear A. liuensis throughout the year, which will facilitate further ecological, behavioural and molecular studies and the development of ways of controlling this insect in the fi eld. * Corresponding author; e-mail: liangap@ioz.ac.cn INTRODUCTION Cercopidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cercopoidea) is the largest family of xylem-sap sucking insects, with about 1500 described species in 150 genera recorded in the temperate, tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Carvalho & Webb, 2005; Soulier-Perkins & Kunz, 2012). Most nymphs of Cercopidae are commonly known as spittlebugs, due to the foam they produce (Paladini & Cavichioli, 2015) and the adults feed on leaves or stems of a wide variety of plants (Vinton et al., 2006). The genus Abidama, which currently includes eight species (Zhou & Wu, 1987), was established by Distant (1908) for Sphenorhina producta Walker. Abidama liuensis (Metcalf, 1961) that was placed in this genus by Distant (1908) is an important pest of rice and maize, and was fi rst reported in the southwest of Anhui province in China in 1988. In recent years, it has also been reported from Zhejiang, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei and Henan provinces (Zhou & Wu, 1987). During almost the whole of its development on rice, this insect ingests essential nutrients by sucking the stems, which can result in serious damage (up to 80% reduction in production) (Guan & Zuo, 1991). Eur. J. Entomol. 118: 82–89, 2021 doi: 10.14411/eje.2021.010
{"title":"Laboratory rearing of Abidama liuensis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) and description of immature stages","authors":"Qiqi Wang, Lingyan Bai, Xu Chen, A. Liang","doi":"10.14411/EJE.2021.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/EJE.2021.010","url":null,"abstract":"Because it is an important pest of rice, Abidama liuensis Metcalf is well documented in terms of its bioecology and control. However, there are few studies on the biology of this pest. In this study, a technique was developed for rearing this insect under laboratory conditions (26 ± 2°C; 75 ± 3% RH; and 12L : 12D photoperiod) and its immature stages are described. Egg development is divided into four stages, of which S1 took the longest time (accounting for 11.70% of total developmental time); 90% of the eggs that completed S2, hatched. Nymphal instars can be distinguished by body size, colour and other morphological features. Total developmental period of immature stages was approximately 50 d, with the averages of the fi ve stadia 5.18, 4.33, 5.28, 10.41 and 8.5 days, respectively. Using this rearing technique, it is possible to rear A. liuensis throughout the year, which will facilitate further ecological, behavioural and molecular studies and the development of ways of controlling this insect in the fi eld. * Corresponding author; e-mail: liangap@ioz.ac.cn INTRODUCTION Cercopidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cercopoidea) is the largest family of xylem-sap sucking insects, with about 1500 described species in 150 genera recorded in the temperate, tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Carvalho & Webb, 2005; Soulier-Perkins & Kunz, 2012). Most nymphs of Cercopidae are commonly known as spittlebugs, due to the foam they produce (Paladini & Cavichioli, 2015) and the adults feed on leaves or stems of a wide variety of plants (Vinton et al., 2006). The genus Abidama, which currently includes eight species (Zhou & Wu, 1987), was established by Distant (1908) for Sphenorhina producta Walker. Abidama liuensis (Metcalf, 1961) that was placed in this genus by Distant (1908) is an important pest of rice and maize, and was fi rst reported in the southwest of Anhui province in China in 1988. In recent years, it has also been reported from Zhejiang, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei and Henan provinces (Zhou & Wu, 1987). During almost the whole of its development on rice, this insect ingests essential nutrients by sucking the stems, which can result in serious damage (up to 80% reduction in production) (Guan & Zuo, 1991). Eur. J. Entomol. 118: 82–89, 2021 doi: 10.14411/eje.2021.010","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":"118 1","pages":"82-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42883469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yenny Correa‐Carmona, A. Giusti, J. Haxaire, R. Rougerie, I. Kitching
. Three new species of the hawkmoth genus Xylophanes Hübner, 1819 from Colombia are described based on morphological characters and DNA barcodes: Xylophanes camilae Correa-Carmona & Giusti sp. n., Xylophanes pijao Giusti & Correa-Carmona sp. n., and Xylophanes tayrona Correa-Carmona & Giusti sp. n. The new species are compared with the most morphologically similar species within the informal Xylophanes crotonis species-group: Xylophanes aristor (Boisduval, 1870), Xylophanes crotonis (Walker, 1856) and Xylophanes huloti Haxaire & Vaglia, 2008. Diagnoses, distribution maps, photographs of genital structures and habitus are provided for each new species. In addition, a dichotomous key is provided to identify the new species and the most morphologically similar species within the group. To stabilize the nomenclature and fi x the taxon concept, a neotype is designated for Xylophanes aristor .
{"title":"Three new species of the Xylophanes crotonis species-group (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Colombia and a neotype designation for Xylophanes aristor","authors":"Yenny Correa‐Carmona, A. Giusti, J. Haxaire, R. Rougerie, I. Kitching","doi":"10.14411/EJE.2021.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/EJE.2021.009","url":null,"abstract":". Three new species of the hawkmoth genus Xylophanes Hübner, 1819 from Colombia are described based on morphological characters and DNA barcodes: Xylophanes camilae Correa-Carmona & Giusti sp. n., Xylophanes pijao Giusti & Correa-Carmona sp. n., and Xylophanes tayrona Correa-Carmona & Giusti sp. n. The new species are compared with the most morphologically similar species within the informal Xylophanes crotonis species-group: Xylophanes aristor (Boisduval, 1870), Xylophanes crotonis (Walker, 1856) and Xylophanes huloti Haxaire & Vaglia, 2008. Diagnoses, distribution maps, photographs of genital structures and habitus are provided for each new species. In addition, a dichotomous key is provided to identify the new species and the most morphologically similar species within the group. To stabilize the nomenclature and fi x the taxon concept, a neotype is designated for Xylophanes aristor .","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48733165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dennis R.L.H. 2020: BUTTERFLY BIOLOGY SYSTEMS. CONNECTIONS AND INTERACTIONS IN LIFE HISTORY AND BEHAVIOUR. CAB International, Wallingford, 504 pp. ISBN 9781789243574. Price GBP 150.00, EUR 180.00, USD 210.00.
Dennis R.L.H. 2020:蝴蝶生物系统。生活史和行为中的联系和互动。CAB国际，沃林福德，504页。ISBN 9781789243574。价格150.00英镑，180.00欧元，210.00美元。
{"title":"Book review: Dennis R.L.H. 2020: Butterfly biology systems. Connections and interactions in life history and behaviour.","authors":"Z. Fric","doi":"10.14411/EJE.2021.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/EJE.2021.008","url":null,"abstract":"Dennis R.L.H. 2020: BUTTERFLY BIOLOGY SYSTEMS. CONNECTIONS AND INTERACTIONS IN LIFE HISTORY AND BEHAVIOUR. CAB International, Wallingford, 504 pp. ISBN 9781789243574. Price GBP 150.00, EUR 180.00, USD 210.00.","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":"118 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42224474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.26577/EJE.2021.V66.I1.04
N. Mamilov, T. Konysbayev, S. Z. Makambetov
{"title":"Dynamics of morphobiological parameters of bream Abramis brama (Cyprinidae; Cypriniformes; Actinopterygii) in the Kapshagai reservoir (Balkhash basin)","authors":"N. Mamilov, T. Konysbayev, S. Z. Makambetov","doi":"10.26577/EJE.2021.V66.I1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/EJE.2021.V66.I1.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45638519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.26577/EJE.2021.V66.I1.06
A. Tolenova, A. Ivaschenko, Ivan I. Moysiyenko
{"title":"Plant communities with the participation of Tulipa tarda Stapf. in Kazakhstan: floristic composition and analysis","authors":"A. Tolenova, A. Ivaschenko, Ivan I. Moysiyenko","doi":"10.26577/EJE.2021.V66.I1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/EJE.2021.V66.I1.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46028603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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