M. Rabchinskii, Sergey A. Ryzhkov, N. Besedina, M. Brzhezinskaya, Maxim N. Malkov, D. Stolyarova, A. F. Arutyunyan, N. S. Struchkov, S. Saveliev, Igor Diankin, D. Kirilenko, S. I. Pavlov, Dmitrii V. Potorochin, F. Roth, M. Gudkov, A. Gulin, P. Cai, Zugang Liu, A. Golovin, P. Brunkov
Derivatization of 2D materials for bioapplications is at the forefront of nanomaterials research nowadays. Facile synthesis of the biografted 2D derivatives and insight into the conformation of the conjugated biomolecules are two pillars, promoting advances in the field of biosensing, drug delivery and regeneration techniques. This work is devoted to the synthesis and conjugation of carboxylated graphene by aptamers followed by theoretical analysis of their conformation in the immobilized state. Employing the developed method, the hole-matrixed graphene with up to 11.1 at.% reactive carboxyl groups was synthesized and thoroughly examined via core-level spectroscopy and time-resolved methods. The mechanism of the performed carboxylation with conversion of graphene oxide into carboxylated graphene is proposed, unveiling commonly disregarded impact of ether-like components to the fingerprints of the carboxyl groups. We show successful covalent immobilization of the AO-01 aptamer against Hepatitis B protein on the synthesized C-xy graphene and for the first time reveal its conformation both in free and immobilized forms via a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamic (MD) modeling. Taken together, these results advance the application of graphene derivatives grafted with the biomolecules in the field of biosensing.
{"title":"Guiding Graphene Derivatization for Covalent Immobilization of Aptamers","authors":"M. Rabchinskii, Sergey A. Ryzhkov, N. Besedina, M. Brzhezinskaya, Maxim N. Malkov, D. Stolyarova, A. F. Arutyunyan, N. S. Struchkov, S. Saveliev, Igor Diankin, D. Kirilenko, S. I. Pavlov, Dmitrii V. Potorochin, F. Roth, M. Gudkov, A. Gulin, P. Cai, Zugang Liu, A. Golovin, P. Brunkov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3931621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3931621","url":null,"abstract":"Derivatization of 2D materials for bioapplications is at the forefront of nanomaterials research nowadays. Facile synthesis of the biografted 2D derivatives and insight into the conformation of the conjugated biomolecules are two pillars, promoting advances in the field of biosensing, drug delivery and regeneration techniques. This work is devoted to the synthesis and conjugation of carboxylated graphene by aptamers followed by theoretical analysis of their conformation in the immobilized state. Employing the developed method, the hole-matrixed graphene with up to 11.1 at.% reactive carboxyl groups was synthesized and thoroughly examined via core-level spectroscopy and time-resolved methods. The mechanism of the performed carboxylation with conversion of graphene oxide into carboxylated graphene is proposed, unveiling commonly disregarded impact of ether-like components to the fingerprints of the carboxyl groups. We show successful covalent immobilization of the AO-01 aptamer against Hepatitis B protein on the synthesized C-xy graphene and for the first time reveal its conformation both in free and immobilized forms via a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamic (MD) modeling. Taken together, these results advance the application of graphene derivatives grafted with the biomolecules in the field of biosensing.","PeriodicalId":119595,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials eJournal","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122582934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Moody, AE Brown, NP Massaro, A. Patel, PA Agarwalla, A. Simpson, Ac Brown, H. Zheng, JG Pierce, Y. Brudno
Alginate hydrogels are gaining traction for use in drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and as tissue engineered scaffolds due to their physiological gelation conditions, high tissue biocompatibility, and wide chemical versatility. Traditionally, alginate is decorated at the carboxyl group to carry drug payloads, peptides, or proteins. While low degrees of substitution do not cause noticeable mechanical changes, high degrees of substitution can cause significant losses to alginate properties including complete loss of calcium cross-linking. While most modifications used to decorate alginate deplete the carboxyl groups, we propose that alginate modifications that replenish the carboxyl groups could overcome the loss in gel integrity and mechanics. In this report, we demonstrate that restoring carboxyl groups during functionalization maintains calcium cross-links as well as hydrogel shear-thinning and self-healing properties. In addition, we demonstrate that alginate hydrogels modified to a high degree with azide modifications that restore the carboxyl groups have improved tissue retention at intramuscular injection sites and capture blood-circulating cyclooctynes better than alginate hydrogels modified with azide modifications that deplete the carboxyl groups. Taken together, alginate modifications that restore carboxyl groups could significantly improve alginate hydrogel mechanics for clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANT: : Chemical modification of hydrogels provides a powerful tool to regulate cellular adhesion, immune response, and biocompatibility with local tissues. Alginate, due to its biocompatibility and easy chemical modification, is being explored for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Unfortunately, modifying alginate to a high degree of substitution consumes carboxyl group, which are necessary for ionic gelation, leading to poor hydrogel crosslinking. We introduce alginate modifications that restore the alginate's carboxyl groups. We demonstrate that modifications that reintroduce carboxyl groups restore gelation and improve gel mechanics and tissue retention. In addition to contributing to a basic science understanding of hydrogel properties, we anticipate our approach will be useful to create tissue engineered scaffolds and drug delivery platforms.
{"title":"Restoring Carboxylates on Highly Modified Alginates Improves Gelation, Tissue Retention and Systemic Capture","authors":"C. Moody, AE Brown, NP Massaro, A. Patel, PA Agarwalla, A. Simpson, Ac Brown, H. Zheng, JG Pierce, Y. Brudno","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3883357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3883357","url":null,"abstract":"Alginate hydrogels are gaining traction for use in drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and as tissue engineered scaffolds due to their physiological gelation conditions, high tissue biocompatibility, and wide chemical versatility. Traditionally, alginate is decorated at the carboxyl group to carry drug payloads, peptides, or proteins. While low degrees of substitution do not cause noticeable mechanical changes, high degrees of substitution can cause significant losses to alginate properties including complete loss of calcium cross-linking. While most modifications used to decorate alginate deplete the carboxyl groups, we propose that alginate modifications that replenish the carboxyl groups could overcome the loss in gel integrity and mechanics. In this report, we demonstrate that restoring carboxyl groups during functionalization maintains calcium cross-links as well as hydrogel shear-thinning and self-healing properties. In addition, we demonstrate that alginate hydrogels modified to a high degree with azide modifications that restore the carboxyl groups have improved tissue retention at intramuscular injection sites and capture blood-circulating cyclooctynes better than alginate hydrogels modified with azide modifications that deplete the carboxyl groups. Taken together, alginate modifications that restore carboxyl groups could significantly improve alginate hydrogel mechanics for clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANT: : Chemical modification of hydrogels provides a powerful tool to regulate cellular adhesion, immune response, and biocompatibility with local tissues. Alginate, due to its biocompatibility and easy chemical modification, is being explored for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Unfortunately, modifying alginate to a high degree of substitution consumes carboxyl group, which are necessary for ionic gelation, leading to poor hydrogel crosslinking. We introduce alginate modifications that restore the alginate's carboxyl groups. We demonstrate that modifications that reintroduce carboxyl groups restore gelation and improve gel mechanics and tissue retention. In addition to contributing to a basic science understanding of hydrogel properties, we anticipate our approach will be useful to create tissue engineered scaffolds and drug delivery platforms.","PeriodicalId":119595,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116491280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Hu, Kuan Jiang, Dongli Wang, Shengyu Yao, Linwei Lu, Huan Wang, Jie Song, Jianfen Zhou, Xingyan Fan, Yong Wang, Weiyue Lu, Jian Wang, G. Wei
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, whose malignancy is closely correlated with elevated proto-oncogene c-myc. Intranasal administration emerges as a potential approach to deliver gene into the brain and interfere c-Myc expression. However, powerful permeability in nasal mucosa, selective delivery to glioma and avoidance of premature release during remote transport are imperative to ensure the therapeutic effectiveness. To address the above concerns, herein we constructed a lipoplex based on pre-compression of c-Myc-targeting siRNA (sic-Myc) by octaarginine and subsequent encapsulation by liposome modified with a selected peptide derived from penetratin, named 89WP. It was found that the lipoplex exhibited a stable core-shell structure and could be preferentially internalized along with cell debris by glioma cells via active macropinocytosis. Through this cellular uptake pathway, the lipoplex avoided being entrapped by lysosome and released siRNA in cytoplasm within 4 h, inducing substantial downregulation of c-Myc mRNA and protein expression of glioma cells. Furthermore, due to significantly enhanced permeability in tumor spheroids and nasal mucosa, the lipoplex was competent to deliver more siRNA to orthotopic glioma after intranasal administration, and therefore prolonged the survival time of glioma-bearing mice by inducing apoptosis.
{"title":"Core-Shell Lipoplexes Inducing Active Macropinocytosis Promote Intranasal Delivery of c-Myc siRNA for Treatment of Glioblastoma","authors":"Yang Hu, Kuan Jiang, Dongli Wang, Shengyu Yao, Linwei Lu, Huan Wang, Jie Song, Jianfen Zhou, Xingyan Fan, Yong Wang, Weiyue Lu, Jian Wang, G. Wei","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3903351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3903351","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, whose malignancy is closely correlated with elevated proto-oncogene c-myc. Intranasal administration emerges as a potential approach to deliver gene into the brain and interfere c-Myc expression. However, powerful permeability in nasal mucosa, selective delivery to glioma and avoidance of premature release during remote transport are imperative to ensure the therapeutic effectiveness. To address the above concerns, herein we constructed a lipoplex based on pre-compression of c-Myc-targeting siRNA (sic-Myc) by octaarginine and subsequent encapsulation by liposome modified with a selected peptide derived from penetratin, named 89WP. It was found that the lipoplex exhibited a stable core-shell structure and could be preferentially internalized along with cell debris by glioma cells via active macropinocytosis. Through this cellular uptake pathway, the lipoplex avoided being entrapped by lysosome and released siRNA in cytoplasm within 4 h, inducing substantial downregulation of c-Myc mRNA and protein expression of glioma cells. Furthermore, due to significantly enhanced permeability in tumor spheroids and nasal mucosa, the lipoplex was competent to deliver more siRNA to orthotopic glioma after intranasal administration, and therefore prolonged the survival time of glioma-bearing mice by inducing apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":119595,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124176000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Furqan A. Maulvi, Parth D. Soni, P. Patel, Ankita R. Desai, Ditixa T. Desai, Manish Shukla, Shailesh A Shah, D. Shah, M. Willcox
Ocular drug delivery using contact lenses may be able to substitute for eye drop therapy. However, issues with hydrophobic drugs (like bimatoprost that is used to treat glaucoma) such as low drug uptake using a simple soaking method into preformed contact lenses and alteration in the swelling and transmittance of lenses restricts the application for drug delivery. This research uses graphene oxide (GO) to control the release of bimatoprost from contact lenses along with improvements in the drug uptake, and lens swelling and transmittance. GO was loaded into silicone hydrogel contact lenses by adding the GO at the same time as lenses were polymerized. These lenses were soaked in bimatoprost. Alternatively contact lenses, either with or without GO, were produced by adding bimatoprost during lens polymerization. GO improved contact lens swelling due to its water binding capacity and lens transmittance due to the molecular dispersion of bimatoprost on the surface of the GO which prevented the local precipitation of the drug. The bimatoprost uptake was not improved in the presence of GO. However, its in vitro release profile was improved. Adding bimatoprost and GO at the same time as lenses were polymerized (DL-GO-BMT) significantly decreased the loss of drug during extraction and sterilization in comparison to contact lenses (DL-BMT) without GO. As the amount of GO was increased, the DL-GO-BMT lenses showed a significant decrease in the burst and cumulative release of bimatoprost. Ocular irritation and histopathology reports demonstrated the safety of GO contact lens. The in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in the rabbit tear fluid showed significant improvement in mean residence time (MRT) and area under the curve (AUC) with DL-GO-0.2 μg-BMT-100 contact lens in comparison to eye drop solution. The study demonstrated that the addition of GO to contact lenses can control the release of bimatoprost as well as improved the lens swelling and transmittance. However, further optimization is needed to modulate the release of drug within the therapeutic level to manage glaucoma.
{"title":"Controlled Bimatoprost Release from Graphene Oxide Laden Contact Lenses: In vitro and in vivo Studies","authors":"Furqan A. Maulvi, Parth D. Soni, P. Patel, Ankita R. Desai, Ditixa T. Desai, Manish Shukla, Shailesh A Shah, D. Shah, M. Willcox","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3828266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3828266","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular drug delivery using contact lenses may be able to substitute for eye drop therapy. However, issues with hydrophobic drugs (like bimatoprost that is used to treat glaucoma) such as low drug uptake using a simple soaking method into preformed contact lenses and alteration in the swelling and transmittance of lenses restricts the application for drug delivery. This research uses graphene oxide (GO) to control the release of bimatoprost from contact lenses along with improvements in the drug uptake, and lens swelling and transmittance. GO was loaded into silicone hydrogel contact lenses by adding the GO at the same time as lenses were polymerized. These lenses were soaked in bimatoprost. Alternatively contact lenses, either with or without GO, were produced by adding bimatoprost during lens polymerization. GO improved contact lens swelling due to its water binding capacity and lens transmittance due to the molecular dispersion of bimatoprost on the surface of the GO which prevented the local precipitation of the drug. The bimatoprost uptake was not improved in the presence of GO. However, its in vitro release profile was improved. Adding bimatoprost and GO at the same time as lenses were polymerized (DL-GO-BMT) significantly decreased the loss of drug during extraction and sterilization in comparison to contact lenses (DL-BMT) without GO. As the amount of GO was increased, the DL-GO-BMT lenses showed a significant decrease in the burst and cumulative release of bimatoprost. Ocular irritation and histopathology reports demonstrated the safety of GO contact lens. The in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in the rabbit tear fluid showed significant improvement in mean residence time (MRT) and area under the curve (AUC) with DL-GO-0.2 μg-BMT-100 contact lens in comparison to eye drop solution. The study demonstrated that the addition of GO to contact lenses can control the release of bimatoprost as well as improved the lens swelling and transmittance. However, further optimization is needed to modulate the release of drug within the therapeutic level to manage glaucoma.","PeriodicalId":119595,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials eJournal","volume":"1995 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128190921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minghua Li, Xiaolong Gao, Chao Lin, M. Chu, Weizhong Yuan, Aijun Shen, Jingnan Luo, Qiongqiong Ji, Jiaqi Wu, P. Wang
Macrophage cell membrane camouflaged nanocarriers can effectively reduce immune clearance and target the tumor actively. In this study, a macrophage cell membrane camouflaged mesoporous silica nanorods (MSNRs) based anti-tumor drugcarrier equipped with a cationic polymer layer is developed. As a drugcarrier, MSNRs are loaded with the thermosensitive phase change material L-menthol (LM), the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) and the fluorescent molecule indocyanine green (ICG). The rod-like shape of MSNRs is shown to improve the penetration of the drugcarrier to the tumor. In the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment, the cationic polymer presents a proton sponge effect to trigger macrophage cell membrane coating detachment, thus promoting tumor cell uptake. Following nanocarrier uptake, ICG is heated by near-infrared (NIR) irradiation to make LM undergo a phase transition to release DOX and generate a synergistic effect of thermochemotherapy which kills tumor cells and inhibits tumor growth together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by ICG. Overall, this nanohybrid drug delivery system demonstrats an intelligent cascade response effect and achieves tissue–cell specific targeting and improves drug release accuracy, thus proving to be an effective cancer therapy.
{"title":"An Intelligent Responsive Macrophage Cell Membrane Camouflaged Mesoporous Silicon Nanorods Drug Delivery System for Precise Targeted Therapy Of Tumor","authors":"Minghua Li, Xiaolong Gao, Chao Lin, M. Chu, Weizhong Yuan, Aijun Shen, Jingnan Luo, Qiongqiong Ji, Jiaqi Wu, P. Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3814586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3814586","url":null,"abstract":"Macrophage cell membrane camouflaged nanocarriers can effectively reduce immune clearance and target the tumor actively. In this study, a macrophage cell membrane camouflaged mesoporous silica nanorods (MSNRs) based anti-tumor drugcarrier equipped with a cationic polymer layer is developed. As a drugcarrier, MSNRs are loaded with the thermosensitive phase change material L-menthol (LM), the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) and the fluorescent molecule indocyanine green (ICG). The rod-like shape of MSNRs is shown to improve the penetration of the drugcarrier to the tumor. In the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment, the cationic polymer presents a proton sponge effect to trigger macrophage cell membrane coating detachment, thus promoting tumor cell uptake. Following nanocarrier uptake, ICG is heated by near-infrared (NIR) irradiation to make LM undergo a phase transition to release DOX and generate a synergistic effect of thermochemotherapy which kills tumor cells and inhibits tumor growth together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by ICG. Overall, this nanohybrid drug delivery system demonstrats an intelligent cascade response effect and achieves tissue–cell specific targeting and improves drug release accuracy, thus proving to be an effective cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":119595,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials eJournal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114524571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.21303/978-9916-9516-5-1
A. V. Sagalovych, V. Sagalovych, V. Popov, S. Dudnik
Abstract The methods of creating the advanced nanomaterials and nanotechnologies of functional multicomponent coatings Avinit (mono- and multilayer, nanostructured, gradient) to improve the performance of materials, components and parts are considered. The vacuum-plasma nanotechnologies Avinit were developed based on the use of gas-phase and plasma-chemical processes of atomic-ionic surface modification and the formation of nanolayer coatings in the environment of non-steady low-temperature plasma. Considerable attention is paid to the equipment for application of functional multilayer composite coatings: an experimental-technological vacuum-plasma automated cluster Avinit, which allows to implement complex methods of coating, combined in one technological cycle. The information about the structure and service characteristics of Avinit coatings has a large place. The results of metallographic, metallophysical, tribological investigations of properties of the created coatings and linking of their characteristics with parameters of sedimentation process are described. The possibilities of parameters processes regulation for the purpose of reception of functional materials with the set physicochemical, mechanical complex and other properties are considered. The investigation of creating of multilayer protective surface coatings Аvinit based on Ti-TiN for turbine blades by vacuum-arc method was carried out. The influence of different methods and modes of vacuum-plasma treatment of coated surface of substrates to the adhesion value of nanolayer protective TiTiN coatings is studied. On the basis of carried out investigations the technology of coating the steam turbines blades for protection against flow-accelerated corrosions is developed. The issues of development and industrial implementation of the latest technologies for applying wear-resistant antifriction coatings Avinit with the use of nanotechnology to increase the life of various critical elements of steam and nuclear turbines are covered in detail. The book is aimed at specialists working in the field of ion-plasma surface modification of materials and functional coatings application. Keywords Vacuum plasma multilayer protective coatings Avinit, titanium, titanium nitride, turbine blades, development of nanotechnologies Avinit.
{"title":"Vacuum-plasma multilayer protective coatings for turbine blades","authors":"A. V. Sagalovych, V. Sagalovych, V. Popov, S. Dudnik","doi":"10.21303/978-9916-9516-5-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/978-9916-9516-5-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The methods of creating the advanced nanomaterials and nanotechnologies of functional multicomponent coatings Avinit (mono- and multilayer, nanostructured, gradient) to improve the performance of materials, components and parts are considered. The vacuum-plasma nanotechnologies Avinit were developed based on the use of gas-phase and plasma-chemical processes of atomic-ionic surface modification and the formation of nanolayer coatings in the environment of non-steady low-temperature plasma. Considerable attention is paid to the equipment for application of functional multilayer composite coatings: an experimental-technological vacuum-plasma automated cluster Avinit, which allows to implement complex methods of coating, combined in one technological cycle. The information about the structure and service characteristics of Avinit coatings has a large place. The results of metallographic, metallophysical, tribological investigations of properties of the created coatings and linking of their characteristics with parameters of sedimentation process are described. The possibilities of parameters processes regulation for the purpose of reception of functional materials with the set physicochemical, mechanical complex and other properties are considered. The investigation of creating of multilayer protective surface coatings Аvinit based on Ti-TiN for turbine blades by vacuum-arc method was carried out. The influence of different methods and modes of vacuum-plasma treatment of coated surface of substrates to the adhesion value of nanolayer protective TiTiN coatings is studied. On the basis of carried out investigations the technology of coating the steam turbines blades for protection against flow-accelerated corrosions is developed. The issues of development and industrial implementation of the latest technologies for applying wear-resistant antifriction coatings Avinit with the use of nanotechnology to increase the life of various critical elements of steam and nuclear turbines are covered in detail. The book is aimed at specialists working in the field of ion-plasma surface modification of materials and functional coatings application. Keywords Vacuum plasma multilayer protective coatings Avinit, titanium, titanium nitride, turbine blades, development of nanotechnologies Avinit.","PeriodicalId":119595,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115990352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danye Liu, Qing Zeng, Hui Liu, Chaoquan Hu, Dong Chen, Lin Xu, Jun Yang
Combining the core-shell construction with an alloying effect is an effective way to optimize the electronic and lattice strain effects generated in core-shell configurations for achieving highly catalytic efficiency for a given electrochemical reaction. To demonstrate this concept, we herein report the use of core-shell Au@FePd nanoparticles with an Au core and a sub-nano FePd alloy shell to promote the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol. In these core-shell structures, the Au core modifies the electronic configuration of Pd atoms through differences in electronegativity, while the Fe component in thin shells reduces the lattice expansion of Pd induced by the Au core, both of which endows the Pd shell with an appropriate d-band center, favorable for the electrooxidation of ethanol molecules through C1 pathway. In particular, the as-prepared core-shell Au@FePd nanoparticles at an optimized Fe/Pd ratio of 0.5/1 (Au@FePd-0.5) exhibit a mass activity of 13.3 A mg-1 and a specific activity of 20.2 mA cm-2 for the ethanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium, which significantly outperform those of a majority of the recent reported Pd-based electrocatalysts. This study highlights the concept of engineering the geometry and surface composition of a nanostructure for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts for a large variety of electrochemical applications.
结合核壳结构和合金效应是优化核壳结构中产生的电子和晶格应变效应的有效途径，从而实现对给定电化学反应的高催化效率。为了证明这一概念，我们在此报道了使用具有金核和亚纳米FePd合金壳的核壳Au@FePd纳米颗粒来促进乙醇的电催化氧化。在这些核壳结构中，Au核通过电负性的差异改变了Pd原子的电子构型，而薄壳层中的Fe组分降低了Au核诱导Pd的晶格膨胀，这两者都使Pd壳层具有合适的d带中心，有利于乙醇分子通过C1途径电氧化。特别是，在Fe/Pd比为0.5/1 (Au@FePd-0.5)的优化条件下，制备的核壳Au@FePd纳米颗粒在碱性介质中乙醇电氧化的质量活性为13.3 a mg-1，比活性为20.2 mA cm-2，显著优于最近报道的大多数Pd基电催化剂。这项研究强调了工程纳米结构的几何和表面组成的概念，以设计各种电化学应用的高效电催化剂。
{"title":"Combining Core-Shell Construction with Alloying Effect for High Efficiency Ethanol Electrooxidation: A Case of Core-Shell Au@Fepd Nanoparticles with Sub-Nano Alloy Shells","authors":"Danye Liu, Qing Zeng, Hui Liu, Chaoquan Hu, Dong Chen, Lin Xu, Jun Yang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3756486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3756486","url":null,"abstract":"Combining the core-shell construction with an alloying effect is an effective way to optimize the electronic and lattice strain effects generated in core-shell configurations for achieving highly catalytic efficiency for a given electrochemical reaction. To demonstrate this concept, we herein report the use of core-shell Au@FePd nanoparticles with an Au core and a sub-nano FePd alloy shell to promote the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol. In these core-shell structures, the Au core modifies the electronic configuration of Pd atoms through differences in electronegativity, while the Fe component in thin shells reduces the lattice expansion of Pd induced by the Au core, both of which endows the Pd shell with an appropriate d-band center, favorable for the electrooxidation of ethanol molecules through C1 pathway. In particular, the as-prepared core-shell Au@FePd nanoparticles at an optimized Fe/Pd ratio of 0.5/1 (Au@FePd-0.5) exhibit a mass activity of 13.3 A mg-1 and a specific activity of 20.2 mA cm-2 for the ethanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium, which significantly outperform those of a majority of the recent reported Pd-based electrocatalysts. This study highlights the concept of engineering the geometry and surface composition of a nanostructure for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts for a large variety of electrochemical applications.","PeriodicalId":119595,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials eJournal","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126747850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than 65% of people in the sub-Saharan region do not have access to electricity from main grids due to various reasons including technical barriers and financial breaks. Single House PV systems also known as nanogrids seem to be adequate solutions because of a drastic drop in price of solar panel modules. However, it is not the case for associated energy storage systems that make up 35% percent of the total cost of a PV system. Hence the need to find technical and economical solutions that enhance full usage of solar potential. In this paper, we propose a microgrid based on integration of a number nanogrids in a community and an investor energy bank that serves as communal energy storage. A platform and economical model for energy exchange are developed. The system lightens the nanogrid owner from the economic burden of an energy storage and increases the overall harvested energy which in return open opportunities to energy trading to domestic and commercial users within the community.
{"title":"Nanogrid Based Energy Trading System for a Rural Off-Grid Communityin Africa","authors":"M Giraneza, K. Abo-Al-Ez, M. Kahn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3735389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3735389","url":null,"abstract":"More than 65% of people in the sub-Saharan region do not have access to electricity from main grids due to various reasons including technical barriers and financial breaks. Single House PV systems also known as nanogrids seem to be adequate solutions because of a drastic drop in price of solar panel modules. However, it is not the case for associated energy storage systems that make up 35% percent of the total cost of a PV system. Hence the need to find technical and economical solutions that enhance full usage of solar potential. In this paper, we propose a microgrid based on integration of a number nanogrids in a community and an investor energy bank that serves as communal energy storage. A platform and economical model for energy exchange are developed. The system lightens the nanogrid owner from the economic burden of an energy storage and increases the overall harvested energy which in return open opportunities to energy trading to domestic and commercial users within the community.","PeriodicalId":119595,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126971728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saber Naserifar, Soonho Kwon, Hai Xiao, W. Goddard III
To develop new generations of electrocatalysts required for energy and environmental sustainability, we need the accuracy of full solvent quantum mechanics (QM) (free energy barriers to 0.05 eV, onset potentials to 0.05 V) but for practical sized nanoparticles and catalysts (1000’s to millions of atoms). We report here a solution to this problem. We start with the RexPoN reactive force field that provides higher accuracy than density functional theory (DFT) and combine it with QM to accurately include long-range interactions and polarization effects to enable reactive simulations with QM accuracy in the presence of solvent including 1000’s to millions of waters. Here we apply this RexPoN embedded QM (ReQM) to reactive simulations of electrocatalysis demonstrating that ReQM accurately replaces DFT water for computing the Raman frequencies of reaction intermediates during CO2 reduction to ethylene, with comparisons to operando electrocatalysis experiments and to full solvent QM calculations.
{"title":"Hybrid Combination of Quantum Mechanics with Quantum-Based Polarizable Reactive Force Field for Large Scale Full Solvent Simulations of Electrocatalysis","authors":"Saber Naserifar, Soonho Kwon, Hai Xiao, W. Goddard III","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3608390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3608390","url":null,"abstract":"To develop new generations of electrocatalysts required for energy and environmental sustainability, we need the accuracy of full solvent quantum mechanics (QM) (free energy barriers to 0.05 eV, onset potentials to 0.05 V) but for practical sized nanoparticles and catalysts (1000’s to millions of atoms). We report here a solution to this problem. We start with the RexPoN reactive force field that provides higher accuracy than density functional theory (DFT) and combine it with QM to accurately include long-range interactions and polarization effects to enable reactive simulations with QM accuracy in the presence of solvent including 1000’s to millions of waters. Here we apply this RexPoN embedded QM (ReQM) to reactive simulations of electrocatalysis demonstrating that ReQM accurately replaces DFT water for computing the Raman frequencies of reaction intermediates during CO2 reduction to ethylene, with comparisons to operando electrocatalysis experiments and to full solvent QM calculations.","PeriodicalId":119595,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122410454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The importance of chemotherapy has been clearly demonstrated to save and prolong lives, on contrary, in general, it can cause adverse side effects in many patients and totally inefficient in certain cancers. The personalized approaches to cancer therapy appears as one that can target specific molecular characteristics of an individual’s cancer cells, with the object to enhance cure rates, minimizing side effects and a safety design. As it is possible to see from the literature, it is absolutely important to integrate the copious molecular information already published related to different cancer´s studies (e.g., mutational and gene expression outlines) with relevant therapeutic strategies. Important to notice that nanotechnology is a long known technique that is a powerful tool for this kind of purpose. This review will describe important areas related to nano-medicine and probably it may permit personalized strategies to cancer treatment, and highlight advances in the State of Art personalized nano-medicine with future directions and related challenges, prospect and possible solutions for this area and the concern with risks is another point that will be discussed.
{"title":"Is it Possible to Personalize the Nanomedicine in Cancer? Perspectives and Safety Designs","authors":"M. Durán, Â. C. Luzo, N. Durán, W. Fávaro","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3622558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3622558","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of chemotherapy has been clearly demonstrated to save and prolong lives, on contrary, in general, it can cause adverse side effects in many patients and totally inefficient in certain cancers. The personalized approaches to cancer therapy appears as one that can target specific molecular characteristics of an individual’s cancer cells, with the object to enhance cure rates, minimizing side effects and a safety design. As it is possible to see from the literature, it is absolutely important to integrate the copious molecular information already published related to different cancer´s studies (e.g., mutational and gene expression outlines) with relevant therapeutic strategies. Important to notice that nanotechnology is a long known technique that is a powerful tool for this kind of purpose. This review will describe important areas related to nano-medicine and probably it may permit personalized strategies to cancer treatment, and highlight advances in the State of Art personalized nano-medicine with future directions and related challenges, prospect and possible solutions for this area and the concern with risks is another point that will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":119595,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115341194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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