Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.208638
Asrori Asrori, S. Suparman, S. Wahyudi, D. Widhiyanuriyawan
The study to investigate the thermal performance of solar cooker using a spot Fresnel lens for concentrators of solar thermal energy is conducted. The main objectives of the present work are: a) to develop a new design of the cooking pot of solar cooker as an absorber of solar thermal from a spot Fresnel lens; b) to analyze the relationship of several temperature parameters in the cooking pot with the thermal efficiency of the Fresnel solar cooker (FSC); c) to conduct field test by heating test and cooling test to obtain a performance characteristic of FSC. The experimental test was conducted at Brawijaya University (7.9553°S, 112.6145°E), East Java, Indonesia during August – September 2019. The Fresnel lens operation method uses the azimuth manual tracker to concentrate direct normal irradiance (DNI). The measurement of Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) was made by the SM 206 Solar Power Meter and placed on the FSC frame. A new design of solar cooking pot has been developed. That is a cylindrical shape for boiling water and food cooking with a cone cavity as a solar collector. While on the cooking pot, the temperature sensor is placed: 1) ambient temperature; 2) cooking pot temperature; 3) focal point temperature on the receiver surface; 4) water temperature in the solar cooking pot. It is connected to the Digi-Sense 12 CH-Scanning Benchtop Thermometer for temperature data acquisition system. The measurement of wind speed was made by Cup Anemometer ABH-4224. The procedure for testing the FSC was developed based on existing international testing standards. The receiver/cooking pot was tested for thermal performance characteristics of cooking by conducting the following tests: 1) no-load test; 2) water heating and cooling tests. The experimental results show that the average stagnation temperature in a cooking pot with a conical cavity receiver was 267.35 °C. The receiver shape with a conical cavity has better heat transfer capability and low heat losses, hence, making it suitable for applications on FSC. DNI ±850 W/m² produces a focal point temperature of 1064 °C, a heat removal factor of 7.39 W/m². °C, and an optical efficiency factor of 0.312. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the FSC is 27.72 %. The thermal efficiency tends to decrease until the end of the process due to the influence of the optical efficiency factor
{"title":"An Experimental Study of Solar Cooker Performance With Thermal Concentrator System by Spot Fresnel Lens","authors":"Asrori Asrori, S. Suparman, S. Wahyudi, D. Widhiyanuriyawan","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.208638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.208638","url":null,"abstract":"The study to investigate the thermal performance of solar cooker using a spot Fresnel lens for concentrators of solar thermal energy is conducted. The main objectives of the present work are: a) to develop a new design of the cooking pot of solar cooker as an absorber of solar thermal from a spot Fresnel lens; b) to analyze the relationship of several temperature parameters in the cooking pot with the thermal efficiency of the Fresnel solar cooker (FSC); c) to conduct field test by heating test and cooling test to obtain a performance characteristic of FSC. The experimental test was conducted at Brawijaya University (7.9553°S, 112.6145°E), East Java, Indonesia during August – September 2019. The Fresnel lens operation method uses the azimuth manual tracker to concentrate direct normal irradiance (DNI). The measurement of Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) was made by the SM 206 Solar Power Meter and placed on the FSC frame. A new design of solar cooking pot has been developed. That is a cylindrical shape for boiling water and food cooking with a cone cavity as a solar collector. While on the cooking pot, the temperature sensor is placed: 1) ambient temperature; 2) cooking pot temperature; 3) focal point temperature on the receiver surface; 4) water temperature in the solar cooking pot. It is connected to the Digi-Sense 12 CH-Scanning Benchtop Thermometer for temperature data acquisition system. The measurement of wind speed was made by Cup Anemometer ABH-4224. The procedure for testing the FSC was developed based on existing international testing standards. The receiver/cooking pot was tested for thermal performance characteristics of cooking by conducting the following tests: 1) no-load test; 2) water heating and cooling tests. The experimental results show that the average stagnation temperature in a cooking pot with a conical cavity receiver was 267.35 °C. The receiver shape with a conical cavity has better heat transfer capability and low heat losses, hence, making it suitable for applications on FSC. DNI ±850 W/m² produces a focal point temperature of 1064 °C, a heat removal factor of 7.39 W/m². °C, and an optical efficiency factor of 0.312. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the FSC is 27.72 %. The thermal efficiency tends to decrease until the end of the process due to the influence of the optical efficiency factor","PeriodicalId":11974,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Engineering Design Process (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90207442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.213776
V. Kozhushko, S. Krasnov, Kateryna Berezhna, S. Oksak, R. Smolyanyuk
This paper reports a study into the distribution capacity of a flexible plate in different cross-sections exposed to the external vertical concentrated forces applied in any place of its area. A plate with one pinched side and a series of racks arranged at any distance from the pinching has been considered. In terms of the theory of elasticity and mathematics, solving this problem poses significant difficulties. This has study found that a lateral distribution coefficient could be used to simplify calculations aimed at determining the stressed-strained state of the system. In determining the stressed-strained state of the plate, the calculation method described in work [1] was applied. The plate is cut into a series of longitudinal strips that represent, from the standpoint of construction mechanics, a console strip with one pinched end and resting on a stationary support located at any distance from the pinching. It has been revealed that the distribution capacity of the examined plate in the same cross-section depends insignificantly on the point of application of the concentrated load along the length of the longitudinal strip (between 2.6 and 6.7 %). The distribution capacity in different cross-sections does differ greatly (in the range of 10 to 30 %). The result of this study is the proposed unified and easy-to-implement method of calculating plates under any conditions for their resting on supports and when exposed to any external loads. There is also no difficulty in calculating the plates backed by edges in both directions. Other estimation methods in these cases require a different mathematical approach, and, for the case of a series of external loads, or under difficult plate rest conditions, the issue relating to the stressed-strained state of the system remains open
{"title":"Patterns in the Distribution Capacity of Thin Plates Under Different Condition for Their Resting on Supports","authors":"V. Kozhushko, S. Krasnov, Kateryna Berezhna, S. Oksak, R. Smolyanyuk","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.213776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.213776","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a study into the distribution capacity of a flexible plate in different cross-sections exposed to the external vertical concentrated forces applied in any place of its area. A plate with one pinched side and a series of racks arranged at any distance from the pinching has been considered. In terms of the theory of elasticity and mathematics, solving this problem poses significant difficulties. This has study found that a lateral distribution coefficient could be used to simplify calculations aimed at determining the stressed-strained state of the system. In determining the stressed-strained state of the plate, the calculation method described in work [1] was applied. The plate is cut into a series of longitudinal strips that represent, from the standpoint of construction mechanics, a console strip with one pinched end and resting on a stationary support located at any distance from the pinching. It has been revealed that the distribution capacity of the examined plate in the same cross-section depends insignificantly on the point of application of the concentrated load along the length of the longitudinal strip (between 2.6 and 6.7 %). The distribution capacity in different cross-sections does differ greatly (in the range of 10 to 30 %). The result of this study is the proposed unified and easy-to-implement method of calculating plates under any conditions for their resting on supports and when exposed to any external loads. There is also no difficulty in calculating the plates backed by edges in both directions. Other estimation methods in these cases require a different mathematical approach, and, for the case of a series of external loads, or under difficult plate rest conditions, the issue relating to the stressed-strained state of the system remains open","PeriodicalId":11974,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Engineering Design Process (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80225882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.211997
A. Slavinska, O. Syrotenko, Victoriia Mytsa, O. Dombrovska
The influence of modeling effect of the structural zones of a corset for everyday purposes on ensuring its comfort was studied. It was established that the design structure of a corset varies significantly, depending on the magnitude of the modeling effect on different torso sections. At the same time, the mechanism of application of zonal anthropometric correction of a torso varies depending on the comfort of materials. It was proved that morphological parameters of the women’s torso zones affect the methods and parameters of the formation of the typical segmentation of a corset. Due to this, it became possible to substantiate analytically the ergonomic parameters of modeling effect in the «corset – torso» system for interactive designing the silhouette structures. Experimental studies proved the dispersion of the points of structural zones in the ranges of morphological types. It was shown that the rational variant of the combination of technological modules ensures a dimensional transformation of corset zones by means of grouping. In particular, the prospects of adaptation of the combined shape of a corset to the individual figure type were revealed. This makes it possible to assert the possibility of adaptive regulation of the feeling of comfort in a corset by combining zonal-modular models of anthropometric features and transformation of modeling effects in technological modules. It was shown that the technological module of a bustier cup provides the polyvariance of the breast volume through vertical and horizontal segmentation. The technological module of a belt-corset, in addition to the properties of the basic fabrics, takes into consideration frame elements. This results in fixing the desired modeling effect. Thus, there are some grounds to argue that the introduction of a new type of corset design will increase the productivity of design works. The practical comfort of the proposed technological solutions will ensure the reduction of the number of corset types and sizes, which in terms of comfort are universal for adjacent sizes
{"title":"Development of An Adaptive Method for Regulating Corset Comfort Based on the Parameters of Design Zones Identification","authors":"A. Slavinska, O. Syrotenko, Victoriia Mytsa, O. Dombrovska","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.211997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.211997","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of modeling effect of the structural zones of a corset for everyday purposes on ensuring its comfort was studied. It was established that the design structure of a corset varies significantly, depending on the magnitude of the modeling effect on different torso sections. At the same time, the mechanism of application of zonal anthropometric correction of a torso varies depending on the comfort of materials. It was proved that morphological parameters of the women’s torso zones affect the methods and parameters of the formation of the typical segmentation of a corset. Due to this, it became possible to substantiate analytically the ergonomic parameters of modeling effect in the «corset – torso» system for interactive designing the silhouette structures. Experimental studies proved the dispersion of the points of structural zones in the ranges of morphological types. It was shown that the rational variant of the combination of technological modules ensures a dimensional transformation of corset zones by means of grouping. In particular, the prospects of adaptation of the combined shape of a corset to the individual figure type were revealed. This makes it possible to assert the possibility of adaptive regulation of the feeling of comfort in a corset by combining zonal-modular models of anthropometric features and transformation of modeling effects in technological modules. It was shown that the technological module of a bustier cup provides the polyvariance of the breast volume through vertical and horizontal segmentation. The technological module of a belt-corset, in addition to the properties of the basic fabrics, takes into consideration frame elements. This results in fixing the desired modeling effect. Thus, there are some grounds to argue that the introduction of a new type of corset design will increase the productivity of design works. The practical comfort of the proposed technological solutions will ensure the reduction of the number of corset types and sizes, which in terms of comfort are universal for adjacent sizes","PeriodicalId":11974,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Engineering Design Process (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85885594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212075
Svitlana Khadzhynova, S. Havenko
The rapid development of digital printing and the popularity of corrugated packaging production encourages manufacturers to improve product quality. Therefore, research into the quality of digital prints, using modern procedures for determining the qualimetric indicators, is important for both consumers and manufacturers. We have studied the prints made by the inkjet printing machine Durst Rho 1312. The printing involved the inks CMYK+Light Cyan+Light Magenta (Austria)+Light Cyan+Light Magenta. The prints were obtained directly on five-layer corrugated cardboard using the post-print technology. In addition, the printing was performed on a liner, followed by its pinning to fluting (the preprint technology). The paper describes a procedure for determining the qualimetric prints’ indicators, in particular, optical density, the increase in the tonality of the raster image, color reproduction, resolution, print stability on prints, and in the printing process, and lightfastness. The imprints’ quality was evaluated in accordance with the requirements set by the standard ISO/TS15311-2:2018. The quality of digital and offset prints has been compared. It has been established that the digital post-print technology on the five-layer corrugated cardboard BE and the pre-print technology on the cardboard GD180 ensure the same print quality parameters. This includes such a quality indicator as the reproduction of raster image tones, optical density, color difference, printing stability. The print resolution of the imprints has slight deviations. It was found that the color transfer of offset prints is higher (by 10 %) than that of the digital prints based on the pre-print technology. Offset printing also provides higher resolution (by 93 lines/cm) than digital printing. However, in terms of print stability and color difference, the inkjet prints are inferior to the offset technology. Digital prints have good lightfastness (10‒20 times better than offset samples)
{"title":"Devising a Procedure for Examining the Quality of Prints of Digital and Offset Printing on Corrugated Cardboard","authors":"Svitlana Khadzhynova, S. Havenko","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212075","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of digital printing and the popularity of corrugated packaging production encourages manufacturers to improve product quality. Therefore, research into the quality of digital prints, using modern procedures for determining the qualimetric indicators, is important for both consumers and manufacturers. We have studied the prints made by the inkjet printing machine Durst Rho 1312. The printing involved the inks CMYK+Light Cyan+Light Magenta (Austria)+Light Cyan+Light Magenta. The prints were obtained directly on five-layer corrugated cardboard using the post-print technology. In addition, the printing was performed on a liner, followed by its pinning to fluting (the preprint technology). The paper describes a procedure for determining the qualimetric prints’ indicators, in particular, optical density, the increase in the tonality of the raster image, color reproduction, resolution, print stability on prints, and in the printing process, and lightfastness. The imprints’ quality was evaluated in accordance with the requirements set by the standard ISO/TS15311-2:2018. The quality of digital and offset prints has been compared. It has been established that the digital post-print technology on the five-layer corrugated cardboard BE and the pre-print technology on the cardboard GD180 ensure the same print quality parameters. This includes such a quality indicator as the reproduction of raster image tones, optical density, color difference, printing stability. The print resolution of the imprints has slight deviations. It was found that the color transfer of offset prints is higher (by 10 %) than that of the digital prints based on the pre-print technology. Offset printing also provides higher resolution (by 93 lines/cm) than digital printing. However, in terms of print stability and color difference, the inkjet prints are inferior to the offset technology. Digital prints have good lightfastness (10‒20 times better than offset samples)","PeriodicalId":11974,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Engineering Design Process (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81832463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212733
O. Kozachenko, A. Pakhuchyi, Olexander Shkregal, S. Sorokin, S. Dyakonov, Мykola Gusarenko, V. Kadenko
This paper reports the results of the experimental study to substantiate the rational structural and regime parameters of a two-drum reaping machine for harvesting flax oilseeds by the method of combing plants on the root. We have confirmed the results of the preliminary mathematical modeling of the process of separating a combed heap in the reaping machine with a predefined curved shape of the casing. An experimental study of the heap separation process in a reaping machine has established the dependence of the mass fraction of the discharge of husk and stem particles from its region δ h , the proportion of the release of seeds and capsules with seeds δ h, and the consumed power P, on the rotation frequency of the beater-reflector n 1 , and the combing drum n 2 , the position of the air grate L and its width B. The following structural-mode parameters of the comb-type reaping machine for harvesting oil flax seeds have been defined as the most significant ones: the rotation frequency of the beater-reflector, n 1 =892 rpm; the rotation frequency of the comb drum, n 2 =652 rpm; the position of the air grate, L=0.62 m, and its width, B=0.56 m. In this case, the mass fraction of the discharge of husk and stem particles is δ h =47.5 %, the share of the loss of seeds and capsules with seeds from the reaping machine is, respectively, δ h =2.1 %, and the power consumed to perform the process is P=2.7 kW. The statistical analysis has demonstrated that the correlation coefficient between the theoretical and experimental data is 0.88‒0.95; a relative error in the optimal values is 4.6 %. The actual and statistical comparison of the theoretical and experimental data has confirmed the adequacy of the mathematical models built as a result of the theoretical research. Based on the results of our experimental research, one can argue about the usefulness of their application for engineering calculations when designing new technical means for harvesting crops by the method of combing plants on the root
{"title":"Experimental Substantiation of the Rational Parameters for a Reaping Machine of the Comb Type for Harvesting Oil Flax Seeds","authors":"O. Kozachenko, A. Pakhuchyi, Olexander Shkregal, S. Sorokin, S. Dyakonov, Мykola Gusarenko, V. Kadenko","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212733","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the results of the experimental study to substantiate the rational structural and regime parameters of a two-drum reaping machine for harvesting flax oilseeds by the method of combing plants on the root. We have confirmed the results of the preliminary mathematical modeling of the process of separating a combed heap in the reaping machine with a predefined curved shape of the casing. An experimental study of the heap separation process in a reaping machine has established the dependence of the mass fraction of the discharge of husk and stem particles from its region δ h , the proportion of the release of seeds and capsules with seeds δ h, and the consumed power P, on the rotation frequency of the beater-reflector n 1 , and the combing drum n 2 , the position of the air grate L and its width B. The following structural-mode parameters of the comb-type reaping machine for harvesting oil flax seeds have been defined as the most significant ones: the rotation frequency of the beater-reflector, n 1 =892 rpm; the rotation frequency of the comb drum, n 2 =652 rpm; the position of the air grate, L=0.62 m, and its width, B=0.56 m. In this case, the mass fraction of the discharge of husk and stem particles is δ h =47.5 %, the share of the loss of seeds and capsules with seeds from the reaping machine is, respectively, δ h =2.1 %, and the power consumed to perform the process is P=2.7 kW. The statistical analysis has demonstrated that the correlation coefficient between the theoretical and experimental data is 0.88‒0.95; a relative error in the optimal values is 4.6 %. The actual and statistical comparison of the theoretical and experimental data has confirmed the adequacy of the mathematical models built as a result of the theoretical research. Based on the results of our experimental research, one can argue about the usefulness of their application for engineering calculations when designing new technical means for harvesting crops by the method of combing plants on the root","PeriodicalId":11974,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Engineering Design Process (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88297664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanbo T. Tang, J. Campbell, M. Burley, J. Dean, R. Reed, T. Clyne
This investigation concerns superalloy samples that were produced by an additive manufacturing procedure. Microstructural examination confirmed that they exhibited a columnar grain structure, with the grains elongated in the growth (“build”) direction and exhibiting a strong texture involving alignment of parallel to this axis. Samples were tensile tested along both build and transverse directions, being found to be both stiffer and harder in the latter. Corresponding plots obtained solely via the novel technique of Indentation Plastometry (involving measurement of the profiles of indents created using a spherical indenter and extraction from these of the stress-strain relationship) were found to be entirely consistent with these directly-measured curves. Furthermore, it is shown that full 3-D characterization of the indent profiles can be used to obtain at least a semi-quantitative indication of the nature and strength of the plastic anisotropy. This constitutes a significant advance in the context of a technique that could have a transformative effect on mechanical testing procedures.
{"title":"Use of Indentation Plastometry to Obtain Stress-Strain Curves from Small Superalloy Components Made by Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Yuanbo T. Tang, J. Campbell, M. Burley, J. Dean, R. Reed, T. Clyne","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3708730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3708730","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation concerns superalloy samples that were produced by an additive manufacturing procedure. Microstructural examination confirmed that they exhibited a columnar grain structure, with the grains elongated in the growth (“build”) direction and exhibiting a strong texture involving alignment of parallel to this axis. Samples were tensile tested along both build and transverse directions, being found to be both stiffer and harder in the latter. Corresponding plots obtained solely via the novel technique of Indentation Plastometry (involving measurement of the profiles of indents created using a spherical indenter and extraction from these of the stress-strain relationship) were found to be entirely consistent with these directly-measured curves. Furthermore, it is shown that full 3-D characterization of the indent profiles can be used to obtain at least a semi-quantitative indication of the nature and strength of the plastic anisotropy. This constitutes a significant advance in the context of a technique that could have a transformative effect on mechanical testing procedures.","PeriodicalId":11974,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Engineering Design Process (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75422703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-10DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212150
Volodymyr Shmyrov, V. Loginov, S. Fil', A. Khaustov, Olexander Bondarchuk, Andrii Kalashnikov, Glib Khmelnitskiy
This paper reports a modernization concept of aircraft An-26 and An-140 based on the use of a hybrid basic propulsion system (HBPS). The study object is the aircraft of transport and passenger categories in the weight dimension from 20 to 25 tons. The analysis of the ways of modernization has shown that under the new market conditions two directions in the development of light aircraft «Antonov» become relevant. The first is the modernization of the existing fleet of An-26, the second is the construction of an An-140T ramp transport variant based on the An-140 aircraft. One of the considered ways of such modernization is to equip the aircraft with hybrid basic propulsion systems consisting of the gas-turbine and power electric motors, which drive the rotation of the propeller. The use of HBPS makes it possible to optimize the operation of the gas-turbine engine over a narrow traction-speed range ‒ only for the cruising section of the flight. This makes it possible to design a GTE with high fuel and weight efficiency. In this case, noise and harmful emissions could be significantly lower. The analysis has been given of existing aviation hybrid propulsion systems with recommendations on the choice of the optimal scheme to modernize aircraft An-26 and An-140. It is proposed to solve the task by choosing the option of a basic propulsion system with a moderate degree of hybridization, based on the well-established engine TV3-117VMA-SBM1. That improves the flight range of An-26 and An-140 with a payload capacity of 4.5‒5 tons by 1.4‒1.7 times, respectively. The results obtained confirm the correctness of the proposed modernization concept. The analysis results demonstrate a significant improvement in the flight characteristics of the aircraft, as well as compliance with current and projected environmental standards. The results reported could be recommended for the practical modernization of aircraft An-26 and An-140
{"title":"The Modernization Concept of Aircraft An-26 and An-140 Based on the Use of a Hybrid Power System","authors":"Volodymyr Shmyrov, V. Loginov, S. Fil', A. Khaustov, Olexander Bondarchuk, Andrii Kalashnikov, Glib Khmelnitskiy","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212150","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a modernization concept of aircraft An-26 and An-140 based on the use of a hybrid basic propulsion system (HBPS). The study object is the aircraft of transport and passenger categories in the weight dimension from 20 to 25 tons. The analysis of the ways of modernization has shown that under the new market conditions two directions in the development of light aircraft «Antonov» become relevant. The first is the modernization of the existing fleet of An-26, the second is the construction of an An-140T ramp transport variant based on the An-140 aircraft. One of the considered ways of such modernization is to equip the aircraft with hybrid basic propulsion systems consisting of the gas-turbine and power electric motors, which drive the rotation of the propeller. The use of HBPS makes it possible to optimize the operation of the gas-turbine engine over a narrow traction-speed range ‒ only for the cruising section of the flight. This makes it possible to design a GTE with high fuel and weight efficiency. In this case, noise and harmful emissions could be significantly lower. The analysis has been given of existing aviation hybrid propulsion systems with recommendations on the choice of the optimal scheme to modernize aircraft An-26 and An-140. It is proposed to solve the task by choosing the option of a basic propulsion system with a moderate degree of hybridization, based on the well-established engine TV3-117VMA-SBM1. That improves the flight range of An-26 and An-140 with a payload capacity of 4.5‒5 tons by 1.4‒1.7 times, respectively. The results obtained confirm the correctness of the proposed modernization concept. The analysis results demonstrate a significant improvement in the flight characteristics of the aircraft, as well as compliance with current and projected environmental standards. The results reported could be recommended for the practical modernization of aircraft An-26 and An-140","PeriodicalId":11974,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Engineering Design Process (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80263843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kaneko, T. Maeda, Y. Kawahara, Kazuhiro Ichino, T. Masumura, T. Tsuchiyama, H. Shirahata, R. Uemori
Abstract Microstructures of both as-quenched and intercritical-annealed medium-Mn steel were investigated by transmission electron microscopy to acquire a better understanding of γ–ɛ and γ–α′ martensitic transformations. The orientation relationships among each phases were determined as ( 1 ¯ 10 ) α ′ / / ( 0001 ) e , [ 111 ] α ′ / / [ 11 2 ¯ 0 ] e for the case of as-quenched sample, and ( 1 ¯ 10 ) α ′ / / ( 1 ¯ 11 ) γ / / ( 0001 ) e , [ 111 ] α ′ / / [ 110 ] γ / / [ 11 2 ¯ 0 ] e for the case of intercritical-annealed sample, respectively. In addition, the presences of core-shell type microstructures with the gradient of Mn concentration were confirmed with ɛ–martensite being surrounded by retained γ. Mn concentration of each phase was found dependent on the growth of reversed γ controlled by Mn diffusion during intercritical annealing. It was strongly suggested that the gradient of Mn concentration occurred during intercritical annealing affected the phase stability, which resulted in the formation of e/γ core-shell microstructures.
{"title":"Formation of Core-Shell Type Structure in Duplex Martensitic Steel","authors":"K. Kaneko, T. Maeda, Y. Kawahara, Kazuhiro Ichino, T. Masumura, T. Tsuchiyama, H. Shirahata, R. Uemori","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3692024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3692024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microstructures of both as-quenched and intercritical-annealed medium-Mn steel were investigated by transmission electron microscopy to acquire a better understanding of γ–ɛ and γ–α′ martensitic transformations. The orientation relationships among each phases were determined as ( 1 ¯ 10 ) α ′ / / ( 0001 ) e , [ 111 ] α ′ / / [ 11 2 ¯ 0 ] e for the case of as-quenched sample, and ( 1 ¯ 10 ) α ′ / / ( 1 ¯ 11 ) γ / / ( 0001 ) e , [ 111 ] α ′ / / [ 110 ] γ / / [ 11 2 ¯ 0 ] e for the case of intercritical-annealed sample, respectively. In addition, the presences of core-shell type microstructures with the gradient of Mn concentration were confirmed with ɛ–martensite being surrounded by retained γ. Mn concentration of each phase was found dependent on the growth of reversed γ controlled by Mn diffusion during intercritical annealing. It was strongly suggested that the gradient of Mn concentration occurred during intercritical annealing affected the phase stability, which resulted in the formation of e/γ core-shell microstructures.","PeriodicalId":11974,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Engineering Design Process (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81419108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001437
O. Koshel, F. Pertsevoy, S. Sabadash, M. Mashkin, V. Mohutova, Vadym Volokh
The research is devoted to the determination of the properties of the components of the developed milk-containing thermostable fillings and the establishment of the dependence of the effective viscosity on the temperature of the model system. In the work, studies are carried out for a model system containing xanthan gum; a model system containing tara gum; model system containing gelatin; a model system containing xanthan gum and tara gum; a model system containing xanthan gum, tara gum and gelatin; a model system containing xanthan gum, tara gum and sugar; model system containing xanthan gum, tara gum, skimmed milk powder; a model system containing xanthan gum, tara gum and maltodextrin. In this work, the dependence of the effective viscosity on the temperature of the model system is established. To achieve the aim, the following objectives are set: - determination of the dependence of the effective viscosity on the temperature of model systems with xanthan gum, tara gum, gelatin, sugar, skimmed milk powder and maltodextrin with different concentrations of these components; - establishment of the temperature range in which a sharp increase in the effective viscosity of the investigated model systems begins. An increase in the temperature of the system prevents gelation due to an increase in the intensity of Brownian motion and a decrease through it in the duration of the existence of bonds that arise between macromolecules. At the same time, a decrease in temperature promotes gelation, since this increases the number of contacts between macromolecules, which contributes to an increase in the strength of the so-called spatial network. In the article, the dependences of the effective viscosity on the temperature of model systems with xanthan gum, tara gum, gelatin, sugar, skimmed milk powder and maltodextrin with different concentrations of these components are obtained. Based on the obtained dependences, the established temperature ranges in which a sharp increase in the effective viscosity of the studied model systems begins
{"title":"Research of Rheological Properties of Components of the Developed Milk-Containing Thermostable Fillings","authors":"O. Koshel, F. Pertsevoy, S. Sabadash, M. Mashkin, V. Mohutova, Vadym Volokh","doi":"10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001437","url":null,"abstract":"The research is devoted to the determination of the properties of the components of the developed milk-containing thermostable fillings and the establishment of the dependence of the effective viscosity on the temperature of the model system. In the work, studies are carried out for a model system containing xanthan gum; a model system containing tara gum; model system containing gelatin; a model system containing xanthan gum and tara gum; a model system containing xanthan gum, tara gum and gelatin; a model system containing xanthan gum, tara gum and sugar; model system containing xanthan gum, tara gum, skimmed milk powder; a model system containing xanthan gum, tara gum and maltodextrin. \u0000In this work, the dependence of the effective viscosity on the temperature of the model system is established. To achieve the aim, the following objectives are set: \u0000- determination of the dependence of the effective viscosity on the temperature of model systems with xanthan gum, tara gum, gelatin, sugar, skimmed milk powder and maltodextrin with different concentrations of these components; \u0000- establishment of the temperature range in which a sharp increase in the effective viscosity of the investigated model systems begins. \u0000An increase in the temperature of the system prevents gelation due to an increase in the intensity of Brownian motion and a decrease through it in the duration of the existence of bonds that arise between macromolecules. At the same time, a decrease in temperature promotes gelation, since this increases the number of contacts between macromolecules, which contributes to an increase in the strength of the so-called spatial network. \u0000In the article, the dependences of the effective viscosity on the temperature of model systems with xanthan gum, tara gum, gelatin, sugar, skimmed milk powder and maltodextrin with different concentrations of these components are obtained. Based on the obtained dependences, the established temperature ranges in which a sharp increase in the effective viscosity of the studied model systems begins","PeriodicalId":11974,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Engineering Design Process (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86606582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emerging concept of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) by the laminate stacking of layers without form-work has major issues of poor inter-layer bond adhesion and inadequate build-ability of printed layers. This paper explores microwave heating technique as a set-on-demand method to increase the structuration rate of geo-polymer concrete for 3DCP applications. The microwave heating was applied just before the placement of layers (i.e. at the nozzle head) and the effect of heating duration on the inter-layer bond strength and build-ability were assessed. Moreover, the loss of surface and bulk moisture and the bond strength enhancing mechanism were also investigated. The results demonstrated that the optimum microwaving duration of 10s has increased the inter-layer bond strength by 132%. The inter-layer temperature and surface moisture loss has shown an increasing trend with the heating duration. Despite the increased surface moisture loss with microwave heating, the observed increment in inter-layer bond strength (for up to 10s of heating) was due to the acceleration in poly-condensation reaction between the filaments having adequate stiffness for maximum mechanical interlocking with minimum deformation after stacking. On the other hand, the build-ability of printed filaments, as measured from the rate of particle re-flocculation and structuration, has showed a major improvement. Findings from this study propose incorporating “set-on demand” technique using electromagnetic radiations in construction 3D printing. This initiates a new era of print heads, designed to solve problems faced by current concrete printing industry.
{"title":"Effect of Microwave Heating on Inter-Layer Bonding and Build-Ability of Geo-Polymer 3D Concrete Printing","authors":"Shravan Muthukrishnan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3692911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3692911","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging concept of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) by the laminate stacking of layers without form-work has major issues of poor inter-layer bond adhesion and inadequate build-ability of printed layers. This paper explores microwave heating technique as a set-on-demand method to increase the structuration rate of geo-polymer concrete for 3DCP applications. The microwave heating was applied just before the placement of layers (i.e. at the nozzle head) and the effect of heating duration on the inter-layer bond strength and build-ability were assessed. Moreover, the loss of surface and bulk moisture and the bond strength enhancing mechanism were also investigated. The results demonstrated that the optimum microwaving duration of 10s has increased the inter-layer bond strength by 132%. The inter-layer temperature and surface moisture loss has shown an increasing trend with the heating duration. Despite the increased surface moisture loss with microwave heating, the observed increment in inter-layer bond strength (for up to 10s of heating) was due to the acceleration in poly-condensation reaction between the filaments having adequate stiffness for maximum mechanical interlocking with minimum deformation after stacking. On the other hand, the build-ability of printed filaments, as measured from the rate of particle re-flocculation and structuration, has showed a major improvement. Findings from this study propose incorporating “set-on demand” technique using electromagnetic radiations in construction 3D printing. This initiates a new era of print heads, designed to solve problems faced by current concrete printing industry.","PeriodicalId":11974,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Engineering Design Process (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90413223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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