The question of whether one can make an efficient metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) device using wurtzite Aluminium Nitride semiconductor is answered in this short communication.
能否利用纤锌矿氮化铝半导体制造高效的金属氧化物半导体(MOS)器件的问题在本文中得到了解答。
{"title":"Can an Efficient Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Device be Made from Aluminium Nitride Ultra-Wide Bandgap Semiconductor?","authors":"","doi":"10.14738/tecs.115.15831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.115.15831","url":null,"abstract":"The question of whether one can make an efficient metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) device using wurtzite Aluminium Nitride semiconductor is answered in this short communication.","PeriodicalId":119801,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","volume":"66 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The physical properties of the dielectric cladding wrapping the cylindrical waveguide were investigated by finite element method. These properties are described by transverse electric and magnetic field modes. To obtain these results, the eigen matrix equation basing on the Helmholtz vector equation must be solved. But the size of this equation is too large to derive the results using a personal computer. Therefore, the eigen equation is compressed using the Arnoldi algorithm and after that the results are derived using the Krylov-Schur iteration method. The similarity transformation matrix to make this equation into the Schure form contains the desired eigenmode pairs of electric field and electric potential. As results, these are schematically represented with the electric field, 3-dimensional electric potential and electric potential contour.
{"title":"ADDENDUM TO: A Study on the Eigen Properties of the Coaxial Waveguide of Cylindrical Form","authors":"","doi":"10.14738/tecs.115.15790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.115.15790","url":null,"abstract":"The physical properties of the dielectric cladding wrapping the cylindrical waveguide were investigated by finite element method. These properties are described by transverse electric and magnetic field modes. To obtain these results, the eigen matrix equation basing on the Helmholtz vector equation must be solved. But the size of this equation is too large to derive the results using a personal computer. Therefore, the eigen equation is compressed using the Arnoldi algorithm and after that the results are derived using the Krylov-Schur iteration method. The similarity transformation matrix to make this equation into the Schure form contains the desired eigenmode pairs of electric field and electric potential. As results, these are schematically represented with the electric field, 3-dimensional electric potential and electric potential contour.","PeriodicalId":119801,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","volume":"74 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the performance of IPv4 versus that of IPv6 in an MPLS/IPsec enabled network for real time applications and non-real time applications. Major Internet Service Providers (ISP) in Zambia have implemented MPLS within their core networks in order to provide traffic engineering and Quality of Service and network efficiency, however, MPLS does not encrypt the data as it travels through the network. To mitigate this, customers using the public infrastructure to connect to their remote sites have implemented IPsec. This framework of related protocols protects one or more data flows between network peers, thus data confidentiality and integrity can be achieved. When MPLS is combined with IPsec both technologies can provide more security for enterprise WAN networks. However, most service providers and ISPs in Zambia and their Enterprise customers have implemented these technologies using Internet Protocol version Four (IPv4). As the number of devices requiring connectivity to the internet and core systems increases exponentially, the limited address space for IPv4 has reached exhaustion. This has prompted the Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA) which is the statutory body for regulating Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in Zambia to include the development and implementation plan for migration from IPv4 to IPv6 in their 2022 to 2024 strategy. Once implemented, this strategy hopes to increase access and usage of ICT and postal services and increase the internet penetration rate from 60% to 70% by 2025. Based on Google’s statistics, the IPv6 adoption rates for Zambia is still at 0%. In order to analyze the penetration rates of IPv4 versus IPv6, a structured questionnaire has been administered on 30 ISP employees and 30 enterprise customer employees to access the use of IPv4 and IPv6 protocols in their MPLS/IPsec networks. The data simulation for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Video conferencing, and Email was done using Riverbed Modeler simulation software and observe the performance of IPv4 in comparison with IPv6 in terms of jitter, throughput and delay.
本文探讨了在支持MPLS/IPsec的网络中，IPv4与IPv6在实时应用和非实时应用中的性能。赞比亚的主要互联网服务提供商(ISP)已经在其核心网络中实施了MPLS，以提供流量工程、服务质量和网络效率，然而，MPLS在网络中传输数据时不加密。为了缓解这种情况，使用公共基础设施连接到其远程站点的客户已经实现了IPsec。该框架的相关协议保护了网络对等体之间的一个或多个数据流，从而实现了数据的保密性和完整性。将MPLS技术与IPsec技术相结合，可以为企业广域网提供更高的安全性。然而，赞比亚的大多数服务提供商和互联网服务提供商及其企业客户已经使用互联网协议第四版(IPv4)实现了这些技术。随着需要连接到互联网和核心系统的设备数量呈指数级增长，IPv4有限的地址空间已经耗尽。这促使赞比亚信息和通信技术管理局(ZICTA)——赞比亚管理信息和通信技术(ICT)的法定机构——在其2022年至2024年战略中纳入了从IPv4到IPv6迁移的开发和实施计划。一旦实施，该战略希望增加信息通信技术和邮政服务的获取和使用，并在2025年之前将互联网普及率从60%提高到70%。根据谷歌的统计，赞比亚的IPv6采用率仍然为0%。为了分析IPv4和IPv6的普及率，对30名ISP员工和30名企业客户员工进行了结构化问卷调查，以了解他们在MPLS/IPsec网络中使用IPv4和IPv6协议的情况。利用Riverbed Modeler仿真软件对VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)、视频会议和电子邮件进行了数据仿真，对比了IPv4和IPv6在抖动、吞吐量和延迟方面的性能。
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of IPv4 and IPv6 on IPsec/MPLS Enabled Network: A Case of Zambia","authors":"","doi":"10.14738/tecs.115.15645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.115.15645","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the performance of IPv4 versus that of IPv6 in an MPLS/IPsec enabled network for real time applications and non-real time applications. Major Internet Service Providers (ISP) in Zambia have implemented MPLS within their core networks in order to provide traffic engineering and Quality of Service and network efficiency, however, MPLS does not encrypt the data as it travels through the network. To mitigate this, customers using the public infrastructure to connect to their remote sites have implemented IPsec. This framework of related protocols protects one or more data flows between network peers, thus data confidentiality and integrity can be achieved. When MPLS is combined with IPsec both technologies can provide more security for enterprise WAN networks. However, most service providers and ISPs in Zambia and their Enterprise customers have implemented these technologies using Internet Protocol version Four (IPv4). As the number of devices requiring connectivity to the internet and core systems increases exponentially, the limited address space for IPv4 has reached exhaustion. This has prompted the Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA) which is the statutory body for regulating Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in Zambia to include the development and implementation plan for migration from IPv4 to IPv6 in their 2022 to 2024 strategy. Once implemented, this strategy hopes to increase access and usage of ICT and postal services and increase the internet penetration rate from 60% to 70% by 2025. Based on Google’s statistics, the IPv6 adoption rates for Zambia is still at 0%. In order to analyze the penetration rates of IPv4 versus IPv6, a structured questionnaire has been administered on 30 ISP employees and 30 enterprise customer employees to access the use of IPv4 and IPv6 protocols in their MPLS/IPsec networks. The data simulation for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Video conferencing, and Email was done using Riverbed Modeler simulation software and observe the performance of IPv4 in comparison with IPv6 in terms of jitter, throughput and delay.","PeriodicalId":119801,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","volume":"71 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the eigen properties of the coaxial waveguide of cylindrical form is investigated by using finite element method. The eigenmatrix equation constructed from the Helmholtz vector equation is too large to derive the results using a personal computer. Therefore, the eigen equations are compressed using the Arnoldi algorithm and after that the results are derived using the Krylov-Schur iteration method. The similarity transformation matrix used during this process contains the desired eigenmode pair. The eigenmodes are simultaneously included in the column matrix components of the transform matrix. These are represented with the pairs of the electric field and electric potential. The eigenmodes have been divided into two classes: transverse magnetic modes and transverse electric modes. As results, in order to more clearly reveal the characteristics of the eigenmodes, these results are shown in the figure.
{"title":"A Study on the Eigen Properties of the Coaxial Waveguide of Cylindrical Form","authors":"","doi":"10.14738/tecs.115.15656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.115.15656","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the eigen properties of the coaxial waveguide of cylindrical form is investigated by using finite element method. The eigenmatrix equation constructed from the Helmholtz vector equation is too large to derive the results using a personal computer. Therefore, the eigen equations are compressed using the Arnoldi algorithm and after that the results are derived using the Krylov-Schur iteration method. The similarity transformation matrix used during this process contains the desired eigenmode pair. The eigenmodes are simultaneously included in the column matrix components of the transform matrix. These are represented with the pairs of the electric field and electric potential. The eigenmodes have been divided into two classes: transverse magnetic modes and transverse electric modes. As results, in order to more clearly reveal the characteristics of the eigenmodes, these results are shown in the figure.","PeriodicalId":119801,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135767441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of McEliece Encryption Scheme Based on Quasi- Cyclics Goppa Codes (QC-GOPPA)","authors":"","doi":"10.14738/tecs.115.15567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.115.15567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119801,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, finite Element method has been carried out to investigate the eigen properties of the rectangular cavity. Because the horizontal length is much larger than that of vertical one, eigenmodes take on various forms in the horizontal direction. The physical properties of rectangular cavities have been considered basing on the higher-order eigenmodes including the ground state. The eigenmodes have been divided into two classes: transverse electric modes and transverse magnetic modes. These classes were depended on the boundary condition imposed on the cavity surface. The eigenmodes have been described with the electric field, electric potential and electric equipotential contour. The eigenmode was determined by comparing and compensating the electric field and potential each other. These results have been revealed by schematic representations.
{"title":"A Study on the Eigenmodes of the Rectangular Cavity","authors":"","doi":"10.14738/tecs.115.15537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.115.15537","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, finite Element method has been carried out to investigate the eigen properties of the rectangular cavity. Because the horizontal length is much larger than that of vertical one, eigenmodes take on various forms in the horizontal direction. The physical properties of rectangular cavities have been considered basing on the higher-order eigenmodes including the ground state. The eigenmodes have been divided into two classes: transverse electric modes and transverse magnetic modes. These classes were depended on the boundary condition imposed on the cavity surface. The eigenmodes have been described with the electric field, electric potential and electric equipotential contour. The eigenmode was determined by comparing and compensating the electric field and potential each other. These results have been revealed by schematic representations.","PeriodicalId":119801,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Characterization by Fowler-Nordheim Carrier Tunnelling Currents Through MOS Devices","authors":"","doi":"10.14738/tecs.115.15489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.115.15489","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119801,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136072260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
If the sampling data with noise or outliers are used to train the long-short-term memory (short as LSTM) network, whether the perturbations and outliers in sampling data affect the training performance and prediction accuracy of LSTM networks is a key problem. This paper analyzed the impact on the LSTM prediction effect when using perturbations and isolated/patchy outliers involved data for network training and prediction. The results showed that the prediction accuracy decreases as the amplitude of the perturbations and the range of outliers increase. In order to overcome this effect, an improved method of Pre-set Outliers Tolerant Filter is proposed, and an Outliers-Tolerant Multi-LSTM model, in short, the OTML model, is established. The prediction effect of the proposed model is compared with that of the LSTM model without the filter and that of the LSTM model with a mean filter. Comparison results showed that the OTML prediction model proposed in this paper can eliminate the influence of random noise and isolated outliers thoroughly. When meeting the patchy outliers whose width is smaller than the radius of the window, the OTML prediction model can filter them out too, so as to realize the high-fidelity prediction of the data.
{"title":"Analysis and Improvement Approach of the Impact of Data Disturbance on LSTM Prediction Algorithm","authors":"","doi":"10.14738/tecs.115.15411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.115.15411","url":null,"abstract":"If the sampling data with noise or outliers are used to train the long-short-term memory (short as LSTM) network, whether the perturbations and outliers in sampling data affect the training performance and prediction accuracy of LSTM networks is a key problem. This paper analyzed the impact on the LSTM prediction effect when using perturbations and isolated/patchy outliers involved data for network training and prediction. The results showed that the prediction accuracy decreases as the amplitude of the perturbations and the range of outliers increase. In order to overcome this effect, an improved method of Pre-set Outliers Tolerant Filter is proposed, and an Outliers-Tolerant Multi-LSTM model, in short, the OTML model, is established. The prediction effect of the proposed model is compared with that of the LSTM model without the filter and that of the LSTM model with a mean filter. Comparison results showed that the OTML prediction model proposed in this paper can eliminate the influence of random noise and isolated outliers thoroughly. When meeting the patchy outliers whose width is smaller than the radius of the window, the OTML prediction model can filter them out too, so as to realize the high-fidelity prediction of the data.","PeriodicalId":119801,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136072130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes a framework based on graph convolutional network to predict the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome. The data of 100 patients diagnosed and treated for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were included in this study resulting in 164 operated hands. The collected data include patient generalities, data from the clinical examination of the stage of CTS, electrophysiological study (EPS) and the data from BCTQ questionnaire. The data was prepared for modelling the graph. A weighted graph that stores not only the features of each case but also the relationship between the cases is created. We compared the model accuracy of graph convolutional network to different machine learning algorithms. The results showed that this model achieves higher result of 90 % accuracy.
{"title":"Graph Convolutional Network Approach for Predicting the Severity of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome","authors":"","doi":"10.14738/tecs.115.15441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.115.15441","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a framework based on graph convolutional network to predict the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome. The data of 100 patients diagnosed and treated for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were included in this study resulting in 164 operated hands. The collected data include patient generalities, data from the clinical examination of the stage of CTS, electrophysiological study (EPS) and the data from BCTQ questionnaire. The data was prepared for modelling the graph. A weighted graph that stores not only the features of each case but also the relationship between the cases is created. We compared the model accuracy of graph convolutional network to different machine learning algorithms. The results showed that this model achieves higher result of 90 % accuracy.","PeriodicalId":119801,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136072144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Mutation Testing and Manual Seeded Testing in Regression Test Selection","authors":"","doi":"10.14738/tecs.115.15424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.115.15424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119801,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136072055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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