Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936207
J. van de Beek, J. Riihijarvi, Andreas Achtzehn, P. Mahonen
In this paper we study the availability of TV white spaces in Europe. We focus specifically on the 470–790 MHz UHF band that is still predominantly used for TV broadcasting also after the digital dividend (frequency reallocation as part of transition to digital TV), which has taken place or is ongoing in several European countries. We find that in the countries used in our studies, approximately 56% of the TV channels are unused, when averaged over the whole geographic area. Considering the average over population instead of geographic area reduced the mean available white space to 49% of the channels. Our results confirm quantitatively the often stated expectation that there are indeed fewer white spaces available in Europe compared to, for example, the United States. We also study the influence of different modeling assumptions on our results, especially focusing on the impact of the choice of propagation model. Our results show that changing from statistical ITU-R model to the Longley-Rice irregular terrain model does not cause a major change in the overall estimated availability of white spaces. However, changing the propagation model can significantly affect especially the local variability of the estimated availability of spectrum. This underlines the importance of using right system models in various studies before making too far-reaching conclusions.
{"title":"UHF white space in Europe — A quantitative study into the potential of the 470–790 MHz band","authors":"J. van de Beek, J. Riihijarvi, Andreas Achtzehn, P. Mahonen","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936207","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study the availability of TV white spaces in Europe. We focus specifically on the 470–790 MHz UHF band that is still predominantly used for TV broadcasting also after the digital dividend (frequency reallocation as part of transition to digital TV), which has taken place or is ongoing in several European countries. We find that in the countries used in our studies, approximately 56% of the TV channels are unused, when averaged over the whole geographic area. Considering the average over population instead of geographic area reduced the mean available white space to 49% of the channels. Our results confirm quantitatively the often stated expectation that there are indeed fewer white spaces available in Europe compared to, for example, the United States. We also study the influence of different modeling assumptions on our results, especially focusing on the impact of the choice of propagation model. Our results show that changing from statistical ITU-R model to the Longley-Rice irregular terrain model does not cause a major change in the overall estimated availability of white spaces. However, changing the propagation model can significantly affect especially the local variability of the estimated availability of spectrum. This underlines the importance of using right system models in various studies before making too far-reaching conclusions.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116109116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936257
M. Ohta, T. Fujii
In this paper, we propose a novel cooperative sensing method by iteratively improving the sensing ability. The proposed method can increase the number of cooperative sensing nodes. Moreover the harmful interference can be avoided, even if the sensing information of each sensing node is transmitted at the same spectrum of the primary system. In general, the cooperative sensing ability depends on the number of the cooperative nodes providing sensing information. If these pieces of information are exchanged in the same spectrum of the primary system, the number of cooperative nodes is limited by the transmit power of each node to avoid giving interference toward the primary system. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to improve the cooperative sensing ability by iteratively deciding the transmit power of sensing node and cooperation area.
{"title":"Iterative cooperative sensing on shared primary spectrum for improving sensing ability","authors":"M. Ohta, T. Fujii","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936257","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a novel cooperative sensing method by iteratively improving the sensing ability. The proposed method can increase the number of cooperative sensing nodes. Moreover the harmful interference can be avoided, even if the sensing information of each sensing node is transmitted at the same spectrum of the primary system. In general, the cooperative sensing ability depends on the number of the cooperative nodes providing sensing information. If these pieces of information are exchanged in the same spectrum of the primary system, the number of cooperative nodes is limited by the transmit power of each node to avoid giving interference toward the primary system. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to improve the cooperative sensing ability by iteratively deciding the transmit power of sensing node and cooperation area.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122432768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936256
T. Farnham
Cognitive radio principles enable the ability to utilise radio resources in an opportunistic manner without the need and limitations associated with centralised or fixed allocation of resources. However, in order for these approaches to be exploited requires in-depth understanding of the radio channel and traffic models in order that the most suitable resource sharing strategies are employed. This paper examines the exploitation of cognitive radio principles for delivery of IPTV content on demand within unmanaged wireless environments. This is particularly applicable within composite home wireless networks, but increasingly in other scenarios in which radio resources need to be shared in an autonomous and dynamic manner. The paper explores channel models, traffic models and presents some results from experimental implementation to learn the best channel selection strategies.
{"title":"IPTV delivery using cognitive radio principles","authors":"T. Farnham","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936256","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive radio principles enable the ability to utilise radio resources in an opportunistic manner without the need and limitations associated with centralised or fixed allocation of resources. However, in order for these approaches to be exploited requires in-depth understanding of the radio channel and traffic models in order that the most suitable resource sharing strategies are employed. This paper examines the exploitation of cognitive radio principles for delivery of IPTV content on demand within unmanaged wireless environments. This is particularly applicable within composite home wireless networks, but increasingly in other scenarios in which radio resources need to be shared in an autonomous and dynamic manner. The paper explores channel models, traffic models and presents some results from experimental implementation to learn the best channel selection strategies.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132793964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936268
Baris Ozgul, P. Sutton, L. Doyle
High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the major issues in practical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions. Due to high PAPR and power amplifier nonlinearity, it is typical to observe an increase in the out-of-band (OOB) interference caused by the OFDM transmissions and the bit-error rate at the receiver. The dynamic spectrum access system in this demonstration applies PAPR reduction to frequency-agile and bandwidth-adaptive OFDM transmissions, without sending any side information to the receivers. Partial transmission sequences (PTS) are adopted for PAPR reduction to be compatible with the cyclostationary signatures, embedded into OFDM waveforms for frequency acquisition and bandwidth estimation. In addition, by rotating the signal constellation properly, there is no need to send PTS-related side information to the receivers. The demonstration system is built upon the highly flexible Iris software radio platform, which is capable of providing the runtime reconfigurability needed.
{"title":"Peak power reduction of flexible OFDM waveforms for cognitive radio","authors":"Baris Ozgul, P. Sutton, L. Doyle","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936268","url":null,"abstract":"High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the major issues in practical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions. Due to high PAPR and power amplifier nonlinearity, it is typical to observe an increase in the out-of-band (OOB) interference caused by the OFDM transmissions and the bit-error rate at the receiver. The dynamic spectrum access system in this demonstration applies PAPR reduction to frequency-agile and bandwidth-adaptive OFDM transmissions, without sending any side information to the receivers. Partial transmission sequences (PTS) are adopted for PAPR reduction to be compatible with the cyclostationary signatures, embedded into OFDM waveforms for frequency acquisition and bandwidth estimation. In addition, by rotating the signal constellation properly, there is no need to send PTS-related side information to the receivers. The demonstration system is built upon the highly flexible Iris software radio platform, which is capable of providing the runtime reconfigurability needed.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122781212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936271
Caleb T. Phillips, D. Sicker, D. Grunwald
In this paper we analyze the efficacy of basic path loss models at predicting median path loss in urban environments. We attempt to bound the practical error of these models and look at how they may hinder practical wireless applications, and in particular dynamic spectrum access networks. This analysis is made using a large set of measurements from production networks in two US cities. We are able to show quantitatively what many experienced radio engineers understand: these models perform poorly at predicting path loss in even relatively simple outdoor environments and are of little practical use aside from making crude estimates of coverage in the least demanding applications. As a solution, we advocate a renewed focus on measurement-based, adaptive path loss models built on appropriate statistical methods.
{"title":"Bounding the error of path loss models","authors":"Caleb T. Phillips, D. Sicker, D. Grunwald","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936271","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we analyze the efficacy of basic path loss models at predicting median path loss in urban environments. We attempt to bound the practical error of these models and look at how they may hinder practical wireless applications, and in particular dynamic spectrum access networks. This analysis is made using a large set of measurements from production networks in two US cities. We are able to show quantitatively what many experienced radio engineers understand: these models perform poorly at predicting path loss in even relatively simple outdoor environments and are of little practical use aside from making crude estimates of coverage in the least demanding applications. As a solution, we advocate a renewed focus on measurement-based, adaptive path loss models built on appropriate statistical methods.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126595940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936221
M. Burke, Bridget T Lally, A. Kerans
Cognitive radio technologies have the potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness with which the radiofrequency spectrum is used. However, before cognitive radio devices are brought into widespread use, planning and regulatory arrangements must be considered and developed where appropriate to ensure adequate protection for existing users. This paper addresses the issue of harmful intermodulation interference caused by the mixing of a transmission from a cognitive radio device with that from a licensed transmitter in the land mobile radio service. Due to the generation of intermodulation products, seemingly open channels may be unable to be used by cognitive radio devices. This situation is termed virtual occupancy. In this paper, a model is described to characterise the effect of virtual occupancy on the availability of channels for use by a cognitive radio device in the land mobile service in the radiofrequency band from 450 to 470 MHz. The results show that for areas where the spectrum is highly allocated, virtual occupancy could be a significant barrier to the deployment of cognitive radios in the land mobile radio service.
{"title":"Virtual occupancy in cognitive radio","authors":"M. Burke, Bridget T Lally, A. Kerans","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936221","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive radio technologies have the potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness with which the radiofrequency spectrum is used. However, before cognitive radio devices are brought into widespread use, planning and regulatory arrangements must be considered and developed where appropriate to ensure adequate protection for existing users. This paper addresses the issue of harmful intermodulation interference caused by the mixing of a transmission from a cognitive radio device with that from a licensed transmitter in the land mobile radio service. Due to the generation of intermodulation products, seemingly open channels may be unable to be used by cognitive radio devices. This situation is termed virtual occupancy. In this paper, a model is described to characterise the effect of virtual occupancy on the availability of channels for use by a cognitive radio device in the land mobile service in the radiofrequency band from 450 to 470 MHz. The results show that for areas where the spectrum is highly allocated, virtual occupancy could be a significant barrier to the deployment of cognitive radios in the land mobile radio service.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129063523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936203
Wesam Gabran, P. Pawełczak, D. Cabric
We present a cross-layer analysis of multi-stage spectrum sensing protocols used in multi-channel Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA) communication. By developing a novel analytical tool, we are able to assess the energy consumed by OSA communication. Furthermore, we present the relationship between the energy consumption of the multi-stage spectrum sensing protocol, the average throughput of OSA communication and the collision probability between the primary and secondary users. The analysis framework takes the following factors into consideration: number of sensing stages, primary and secondary user traffic, physical layer sensing techniques and sensing time, as well as detailed description of transmit, receive and sensing circuitry. We conclude that multi-stage spectrum sensing is beneficial from the energy consumption and throughput standpoint. In specific, by controlling the sensing time and the number of sensing stages, the multi-stage spectrum sensing protocol can reduce the energy consumption while meeting required throughput and collision constraints.
{"title":"Multi-channel multi-stage spectrum sensing: Link layer performance and energy consumption","authors":"Wesam Gabran, P. Pawełczak, D. Cabric","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936203","url":null,"abstract":"We present a cross-layer analysis of multi-stage spectrum sensing protocols used in multi-channel Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA) communication. By developing a novel analytical tool, we are able to assess the energy consumed by OSA communication. Furthermore, we present the relationship between the energy consumption of the multi-stage spectrum sensing protocol, the average throughput of OSA communication and the collision probability between the primary and secondary users. The analysis framework takes the following factors into consideration: number of sensing stages, primary and secondary user traffic, physical layer sensing techniques and sensing time, as well as detailed description of transmit, receive and sensing circuitry. We conclude that multi-stage spectrum sensing is beneficial from the energy consumption and throughput standpoint. In specific, by controlling the sensing time and the number of sensing stages, the multi-stage spectrum sensing protocol can reduce the energy consumption while meeting required throughput and collision constraints.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134012387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936222
B. Freyens, M. Loney
There has been sustained regulatory support for the development and use of ‘white space’ devices on UHF broadcast spectrum, particularly to provide wireless broadband services on a secondary or ‘unlicensed’ basis. However, as regulators reallocate UHF spectrum released by the digital switchover to new services requiring a high degree of licence certainty (e.g. cellular networks) there will be incompatibilities between the rights of the new licensees and those of unlicensed white space users. What becomes of entrenched secondary usage rights if broadcast spectrum is reallocated to telecommunications and re-licensed on far more exclusive conditions than those currently prevailing for white space devices operating on a secondary basis to broadcasting services? Wide-spread deployment of white space devices could seriously complicate the reallocation of UHF band primary services from broadcasting to higher value users. This article considers Australian regulatory arrangements in light of this issue and suggests licensing reforms required to manage competing white space usage rights in the future.
{"title":"Digital switchover and regulatory design for competing white space usage rights","authors":"B. Freyens, M. Loney","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936222","url":null,"abstract":"There has been sustained regulatory support for the development and use of ‘white space’ devices on UHF broadcast spectrum, particularly to provide wireless broadband services on a secondary or ‘unlicensed’ basis. However, as regulators reallocate UHF spectrum released by the digital switchover to new services requiring a high degree of licence certainty (e.g. cellular networks) there will be incompatibilities between the rights of the new licensees and those of unlicensed white space users. What becomes of entrenched secondary usage rights if broadcast spectrum is reallocated to telecommunications and re-licensed on far more exclusive conditions than those currently prevailing for white space devices operating on a secondary basis to broadcasting services? Wide-spread deployment of white space devices could seriously complicate the reallocation of UHF band primary services from broadcasting to higher value users. This article considers Australian regulatory arrangements in light of this issue and suggests licensing reforms required to manage competing white space usage rights in the future.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134015894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936211
J. Huschke, J. Sachs, K. Balachandran, Jorgen Karlsson
Wide-spread provisioning of TV services has strongly shaped the cultural development since the last century; terrestrial radio broadcast transmission has been the original form of TV distribution. Although the majority of TV reception is today based on alternative distribution means, like cable or satellite, TV broadcast enjoys still a significant amount of allocated terrestrial spectrum (∼300 MHz). However, it has been identified that TV broadcast does not efficiently use its allocated spectrum. At the same time, other spectrum users like mobile communication systems experience a tremendous growth and demand for spectrum. The scarcity of radio spectrum has led the US FCC rule that additional 500 MHz of spectrum are to be identified for mobile broadband systems in the next decade — out of which 120 MHz are to come from the TV band in the next 5 years. In this paper we identify an alternative transmission architecture for TV distribution based on cellular LTE MBMS, with densely placed low-power transmitters that transmit in a synchronized single frequency network. It is demonstrated that in this way a full frequency reuse at all sites is possible, in contrast to the large reuse distances in high-power high-tower TV transmission. As a result, we show that it is possible to support TV services with 84 MHz of spectrum via LTE MBMS, in contrast to the 300 MHz used by today's ATSC TV broadcast system. This approach can be realized in a cost-effective manner by re-using existing mobile network infrastructure and we also show that the total radiated power can be decreased.
{"title":"Spectrum requirements for TV broadcast services using cellular transmitters","authors":"J. Huschke, J. Sachs, K. Balachandran, Jorgen Karlsson","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936211","url":null,"abstract":"Wide-spread provisioning of TV services has strongly shaped the cultural development since the last century; terrestrial radio broadcast transmission has been the original form of TV distribution. Although the majority of TV reception is today based on alternative distribution means, like cable or satellite, TV broadcast enjoys still a significant amount of allocated terrestrial spectrum (∼300 MHz). However, it has been identified that TV broadcast does not efficiently use its allocated spectrum. At the same time, other spectrum users like mobile communication systems experience a tremendous growth and demand for spectrum. The scarcity of radio spectrum has led the US FCC rule that additional 500 MHz of spectrum are to be identified for mobile broadband systems in the next decade — out of which 120 MHz are to come from the TV band in the next 5 years. In this paper we identify an alternative transmission architecture for TV distribution based on cellular LTE MBMS, with densely placed low-power transmitters that transmit in a synchronized single frequency network. It is demonstrated that in this way a full frequency reuse at all sites is possible, in contrast to the large reuse distances in high-power high-tower TV transmission. As a result, we show that it is possible to support TV services with 84 MHz of spectrum via LTE MBMS, in contrast to the 300 MHz used by today's ATSC TV broadcast system. This approach can be realized in a cost-effective manner by re-using existing mobile network infrastructure and we also show that the total radiated power can be decreased.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134545110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936216
K. Muraoka, H. Sugahara, M. Ariyoshi
Spectrum management is one of the key functions needed for opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) to utilize white space without causing harmful interference to incumbent receivers. Geo-location database approaches using radio propagation estimation have been regarded as practical spectrum management methods. However, propagation models inevitably include an estimation error of path loss in actual radio environments, resulting in estimation error of carrier to interference ratio (CIR) of the incumbent receivers. Consequently, an allowable transmit power of the opportunistic system has to be limited to keep the CIR at a required level. This could prevent white space from being efficiently utilized. To improve the accuracy of CIR estimation, we propose monitoring-based spectrum management. In the proposed technology, referred to as Interference Monitoring, a monitoring node located near the incumbent receivers actually measures both the interference signals and the incumbent signals. Using the measurement results, the CIR estimates are compensated based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. The proposed Interference Monitoring can be extended cooperatively to utilize spatial diversity. Analytical evaluations assuming a simple cellular system model show that the Interference Monitoring can more accurately estimate CIR, and thus it can significantly increase the allowable transmit power. For an urban macro cell, the Interference Monitoring with a single node achieved more than a 4 dB increase of the transmit power; the Cooperative Interference Monitoring with 4 nodes achieved more than a 7 dB increase. Thus, the Interference Monitoring can expand opportunities for white space utilization without increasing the interference to the incumbent system.
{"title":"Monitoring-based spectrum management for expanding opportunities of white space utilization","authors":"K. Muraoka, H. Sugahara, M. Ariyoshi","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936216","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrum management is one of the key functions needed for opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) to utilize white space without causing harmful interference to incumbent receivers. Geo-location database approaches using radio propagation estimation have been regarded as practical spectrum management methods. However, propagation models inevitably include an estimation error of path loss in actual radio environments, resulting in estimation error of carrier to interference ratio (CIR) of the incumbent receivers. Consequently, an allowable transmit power of the opportunistic system has to be limited to keep the CIR at a required level. This could prevent white space from being efficiently utilized. To improve the accuracy of CIR estimation, we propose monitoring-based spectrum management. In the proposed technology, referred to as Interference Monitoring, a monitoring node located near the incumbent receivers actually measures both the interference signals and the incumbent signals. Using the measurement results, the CIR estimates are compensated based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. The proposed Interference Monitoring can be extended cooperatively to utilize spatial diversity. Analytical evaluations assuming a simple cellular system model show that the Interference Monitoring can more accurately estimate CIR, and thus it can significantly increase the allowable transmit power. For an urban macro cell, the Interference Monitoring with a single node achieved more than a 4 dB increase of the transmit power; the Cooperative Interference Monitoring with 4 nodes achieved more than a 7 dB increase. Thus, the Interference Monitoring can expand opportunities for white space utilization without increasing the interference to the incumbent system.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131705114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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