Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936196
Gitte Vanwinckelen, Martijn Van Otterlo, K. Driessens, S. Pollin
An important aspect of spectrum sharing is reliable protection of licensed, primary, users from interference by unlicensed, secondary, users. In this paper we investigate the reliability of the iterative power adjustment algorithm proposed by Pollin, Adams and Bahai (2008). The goal of this transmission power control algorithm is to allow a static secondary transmitter to maximize its power without interfering with primary users. A distributed flooding algorithm is used to detect primary users and estimate the distance to the primary propagation contour. The secondary transmitter makes a local channel estimation with a moving least squares algorithm to average out noise. The metric used to estimate interference is the propagation contour-contour distance between the secondary and primary transmitters. In our first contribution we investigate the reliability of this metric by computing the location probability, a new FCC proposed metric for configuring Digital Terrestrial Television networks. We show that the propagation contour-contour distance is correlated with the location probability. In a second contribution we make the flooding algorithm more cost efficient by reducing communication. We then study the influence of the number of flooding messages on the performance of the iterative power adjustment algorithm in terms of location probability and number of iterations.
{"title":"Reliable power control for secondary users based on distributed measurements","authors":"Gitte Vanwinckelen, Martijn Van Otterlo, K. Driessens, S. Pollin","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936196","url":null,"abstract":"An important aspect of spectrum sharing is reliable protection of licensed, primary, users from interference by unlicensed, secondary, users. In this paper we investigate the reliability of the iterative power adjustment algorithm proposed by Pollin, Adams and Bahai (2008). The goal of this transmission power control algorithm is to allow a static secondary transmitter to maximize its power without interfering with primary users. A distributed flooding algorithm is used to detect primary users and estimate the distance to the primary propagation contour. The secondary transmitter makes a local channel estimation with a moving least squares algorithm to average out noise. The metric used to estimate interference is the propagation contour-contour distance between the secondary and primary transmitters. In our first contribution we investigate the reliability of this metric by computing the location probability, a new FCC proposed metric for configuring Digital Terrestrial Television networks. We show that the propagation contour-contour distance is correlated with the location probability. In a second contribution we make the flooding algorithm more cost efficient by reducing communication. We then study the influence of the number of flooding messages on the performance of the iterative power adjustment algorithm in terms of location probability and number of iterations.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122901446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936248
J. De Vries, Kaleb A. Sieh
The increasingly intensive coexistence of diverse radio systems and the inability of existing institutions to resolve conflicts in a timely manner requires a change in the way operating rights are defined, assigned and enforced. We propose that operating rights should be articulated using transmission permissions and reception protections, defined probabilistically (the Three Ps). Transmission permissions should be based on resulting field strength over space and frequency, rather than radiated power at a transmitter. Reception protections should state the maximum electromagnetic energy an operator can expect from other operations. This formulation does not require a definition of harmful interference, which is delegated to operators and adjudicators should the need for it arise, and does not entail receiver standards. We also recommend ways to facilitate the adjustment of rights in the market place. The remedy (injunction vs. damages) that attaches to an operating right should be stipulated when it is issued. The regulator should separate its rule making and adjudication roles by not changing rights during dispute resolution. The regulator should leave parameter values unchanged after defining an entitlement, though it may add new parameters at license renewal. Values may be adjusted by negotiation between operators at any time, though any changes should be recorded in a public registry of entitlements. The number of parties to a negotiation should be limited by minimizing the number of rights recipients and by enabling direct bargaining between the parties through effective delegation, obviating the regulator's participation.
{"title":"The Three Ps: Increasing concurrent operation by unambiguously defining and delegating radio rights","authors":"J. De Vries, Kaleb A. Sieh","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936248","url":null,"abstract":"The increasingly intensive coexistence of diverse radio systems and the inability of existing institutions to resolve conflicts in a timely manner requires a change in the way operating rights are defined, assigned and enforced. We propose that operating rights should be articulated using transmission permissions and reception protections, defined probabilistically (the Three Ps). Transmission permissions should be based on resulting field strength over space and frequency, rather than radiated power at a transmitter. Reception protections should state the maximum electromagnetic energy an operator can expect from other operations. This formulation does not require a definition of harmful interference, which is delegated to operators and adjudicators should the need for it arise, and does not entail receiver standards. We also recommend ways to facilitate the adjustment of rights in the market place. The remedy (injunction vs. damages) that attaches to an operating right should be stipulated when it is issued. The regulator should separate its rule making and adjudication roles by not changing rights during dispute resolution. The regulator should leave parameter values unchanged after defining an entitlement, though it may add new parameters at license renewal. Values may be adjusted by negotiation between operators at any time, though any changes should be recorded in a public registry of entitlements. The number of parties to a negotiation should be limited by minimizing the number of rights recipients and by enabling direct bargaining between the parties through effective delegation, obviating the regulator's participation.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125569752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936215
Xiaojun Feng, Jin Zhang, Qian Zhang
According to the FCC's final rule for the unlicensed use of TV white spaces, secondary users are required to query a geo-location database to determine whether a spectrum band is occupied or not. However, how to design a multi-cell infrastructure-based secondary network to dynamically access TV white spaces with the help of database is still an open issue. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of WhiteNet, a multi-cell infrastructure-based dynamic spectrum access system on TV white spaces. WhiteNet is compatible with the FCC's database architecture. In WhiteNet, the geo-location database is exploited to assist multi-AP coordination. A low-overhead distributed spectrum allocation algorithm is proposed to allocate spectrum among multiple APs in WhiteNet, considering the heterogeneous propagation property among various spectrum bands throughout TV white spaces. A novel AP discovery scheme is designed to enable users to discover and select the best access point to connect. We implement WhiteNet in a 7-node GNU Radio testbed, which demonstrates the feasibility of our system. Evaluation results show that our spectrum allocation algorithm can significantly increase total network throughput, besides, the AP discovery scheme is reliable and efficient.
{"title":"Database-assisted multi-AP network on TV white spaces: Architecture, spectrum allocation and AP discovery","authors":"Xiaojun Feng, Jin Zhang, Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936215","url":null,"abstract":"According to the FCC's final rule for the unlicensed use of TV white spaces, secondary users are required to query a geo-location database to determine whether a spectrum band is occupied or not. However, how to design a multi-cell infrastructure-based secondary network to dynamically access TV white spaces with the help of database is still an open issue. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of WhiteNet, a multi-cell infrastructure-based dynamic spectrum access system on TV white spaces. WhiteNet is compatible with the FCC's database architecture. In WhiteNet, the geo-location database is exploited to assist multi-AP coordination. A low-overhead distributed spectrum allocation algorithm is proposed to allocate spectrum among multiple APs in WhiteNet, considering the heterogeneous propagation property among various spectrum bands throughout TV white spaces. A novel AP discovery scheme is designed to enable users to discover and select the best access point to connect. We implement WhiteNet in a 7-node GNU Radio testbed, which demonstrates the feasibility of our system. Evaluation results show that our spectrum allocation algorithm can significantly increase total network throughput, besides, the AP discovery scheme is reliable and efficient.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121307849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936247
M. Lakshmanan, D. D. Ariananda, H. Nikookar
A reconfigurable wavelet packet transceiver for spectral analysis and dynamic spectrum access is proposed. The transceiver consists of a Wavelet Packet Spectral Estimator (WPSE) and a Wavelet Packet Multi-carrier Modulator (WPM) both of which are implemented using filter banks. The WPSE estimates the radio environment and identifies spectrum holes and occupied bands. This information is then used to shape the time-frequency characteristics of the WPM transmission waveform in a way that the occupied bands are evaded. This is done by vacating those sub-carriers which lie in and around the occupied bands. The WPSE uses the same filter bank structure as used for WPM data modulation and hence doesn't add to the implementation costs. Through computer simulations the operation of the proposed system is demonstrated. The performances are also compared with two other candidate systems based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The studies show that WPSE/WPM, in relation to FFT/OFDM, offers better bit-error-rate (BER) performance and bandwidth efficiency. This is facilitated by the excellent time-frequency localization of wavelet filters which results in better estimation of spectrum and spectral confinement of transmission waveform.
{"title":"A reconfigurable wavelet packet filter bank transceiver for spectral analysis and dynamic spectrum access","authors":"M. Lakshmanan, D. D. Ariananda, H. Nikookar","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936247","url":null,"abstract":"A reconfigurable wavelet packet transceiver for spectral analysis and dynamic spectrum access is proposed. The transceiver consists of a Wavelet Packet Spectral Estimator (WPSE) and a Wavelet Packet Multi-carrier Modulator (WPM) both of which are implemented using filter banks. The WPSE estimates the radio environment and identifies spectrum holes and occupied bands. This information is then used to shape the time-frequency characteristics of the WPM transmission waveform in a way that the occupied bands are evaded. This is done by vacating those sub-carriers which lie in and around the occupied bands. The WPSE uses the same filter bank structure as used for WPM data modulation and hence doesn't add to the implementation costs. Through computer simulations the operation of the proposed system is demonstrated. The performances are also compared with two other candidate systems based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The studies show that WPSE/WPM, in relation to FFT/OFDM, offers better bit-error-rate (BER) performance and bandwidth efficiency. This is facilitated by the excellent time-frequency localization of wavelet filters which results in better estimation of spectrum and spectral confinement of transmission waveform.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122952855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936219
Tianyu Wang, Lingyang Song, Zhu Han, B. Jiao
In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio network in which multiple pairs of secondary users (SUs) exchange their information over two-way relay orthogonal channels with the existence of an eavesdropper. The SU pairs share the same frequency band with a primary user (PU) by satisfying the interference power constraint, and the eavesdropper can listen to all the frequency bands. Our goal is to maximize the sum secrecy rate of the SU pairs and meanwhile preserve fairness by suitably allocating the power of the relay station (RS). We introduce a sequential second price auction as the mechanism. Specifically, the total power of the RS is divided into several homogeneous units and auctioned off in sequence, with each round a typical second price auction. First, we formulate the value of each power unit for each SU pair, which is fundamental in the proposed auction, and then based on this auction we construct an efficient searching algorithm, which leads to only one equilibrium. Simulation results show that the proposed game achieves promising performance in the total secrecy rate, total revenue, and fairness under randomness of terminal location and the time-varying nature of wireless channels.
{"title":"Improve secure communications in cognitive two-way relay networks using sequential second price auction","authors":"Tianyu Wang, Lingyang Song, Zhu Han, B. Jiao","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936219","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio network in which multiple pairs of secondary users (SUs) exchange their information over two-way relay orthogonal channels with the existence of an eavesdropper. The SU pairs share the same frequency band with a primary user (PU) by satisfying the interference power constraint, and the eavesdropper can listen to all the frequency bands. Our goal is to maximize the sum secrecy rate of the SU pairs and meanwhile preserve fairness by suitably allocating the power of the relay station (RS). We introduce a sequential second price auction as the mechanism. Specifically, the total power of the RS is divided into several homogeneous units and auctioned off in sequence, with each round a typical second price auction. First, we formulate the value of each power unit for each SU pair, which is fundamental in the proposed auction, and then based on this auction we construct an efficient searching algorithm, which leads to only one equilibrium. Simulation results show that the proposed game achieves promising performance in the total secrecy rate, total revenue, and fairness under randomness of terminal location and the time-varying nature of wireless channels.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123782258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936236
N. Jesuale
In the United States, the public safety community is involved in a protracted debate with the FCC and commercial wireless industry over spectrum in the 700 MHz band. Public Safety claims to need both the Public Safety Spectrum Trust (PSST) allocation of 10 MHz and the adjacent D-Block allocation of 10 MHz to build a viable nationwide public safety broadband network. The Industry and the FCC are pushing back against this argument, citing a lack of evidence that public safety's needs justify this additional spectrum, and arguing that public safety needs can be satisfied by receiving roaming rights on the D-Block operator's commercial network for emergencies. Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards have been adopted and commercial development of LTE networks is proceeding. These networks provide advanced capability to use cognitive radio, dynamic spectrum access and most importantly provide prioritization and pre-emption of traffic based on user role, application, network conditions and other factors. Public Safety has adopted LTE as its next generation standard for broadband networks. Pooling the two blocks of spectrum and providing a single robust network nationwide, which can serve both the public and public safety with robust prioritization and pre-emption rules enforced by LTE technology would save billions of dollars of public and private funds and provide both the public and public safety with more capacity, more flexibility and more interoperability than two separate networks. Cognitive Radio can be employed to create the dynamic policy front end (a Cognitive Policy Model (CPM)) to regulate emergency redistribution of spectrum, and ensure that all spectrum is put to its highest and best use all the time without necessitating the expense of two overlaid network infrastructures. This paper examines the possible advantages of spectrum pooling, flexing and sharing of infrastructure as well as the challenges to shifting “back” to a partnership policy for commercial and public safety broadband spectrum holders.
{"title":"Lights and sirens broadband — How spectrum pooling, cognitive radio, and dynamic prioritization modeling can empower emergency communications, restore sanity and save billions","authors":"N. Jesuale","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936236","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, the public safety community is involved in a protracted debate with the FCC and commercial wireless industry over spectrum in the 700 MHz band. Public Safety claims to need both the Public Safety Spectrum Trust (PSST) allocation of 10 MHz and the adjacent D-Block allocation of 10 MHz to build a viable nationwide public safety broadband network. The Industry and the FCC are pushing back against this argument, citing a lack of evidence that public safety's needs justify this additional spectrum, and arguing that public safety needs can be satisfied by receiving roaming rights on the D-Block operator's commercial network for emergencies. Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards have been adopted and commercial development of LTE networks is proceeding. These networks provide advanced capability to use cognitive radio, dynamic spectrum access and most importantly provide prioritization and pre-emption of traffic based on user role, application, network conditions and other factors. Public Safety has adopted LTE as its next generation standard for broadband networks. Pooling the two blocks of spectrum and providing a single robust network nationwide, which can serve both the public and public safety with robust prioritization and pre-emption rules enforced by LTE technology would save billions of dollars of public and private funds and provide both the public and public safety with more capacity, more flexibility and more interoperability than two separate networks. Cognitive Radio can be employed to create the dynamic policy front end (a Cognitive Policy Model (CPM)) to regulate emergency redistribution of spectrum, and ensure that all spectrum is put to its highest and best use all the time without necessitating the expense of two overlaid network infrastructures. This paper examines the possible advantages of spectrum pooling, flexing and sharing of infrastructure as well as the challenges to shifting “back” to a partnership policy for commercial and public safety broadband spectrum holders.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126379494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936210
A. Kerans, D. Vo, P. Conder, S. Krusevac
With the emergence of dynamic spectrum allocation systems, old paradigms upon which the pricing of spectrum were based no longer hold. Provided vital systems can be protected the value of spectrum is expected to become more related to the value of data it can carry and the reliability it offers. The bands which have both good available bandwidth and good propagation properties are expected to become equally valuable regardless of which technology they are currently allocated to by the national regulator. This paper explores the pricing of spectrum using only its physical attributes, taking into account ability to carry data and the cost of infrastructure needed to provide a near equivalent service. The method presented in this paper may be used as a tool when international, regional and domestic regulators make decisions on what may be the highest value use for a particular band or perhaps where prices should be set to assist a band to move to its highest value use.
{"title":"Pricing of spectrum based on physical criteria","authors":"A. Kerans, D. Vo, P. Conder, S. Krusevac","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936210","url":null,"abstract":"With the emergence of dynamic spectrum allocation systems, old paradigms upon which the pricing of spectrum were based no longer hold. Provided vital systems can be protected the value of spectrum is expected to become more related to the value of data it can carry and the reliability it offers. The bands which have both good available bandwidth and good propagation properties are expected to become equally valuable regardless of which technology they are currently allocated to by the national regulator. This paper explores the pricing of spectrum using only its physical attributes, taking into account ability to carry data and the cost of infrastructure needed to provide a near equivalent service. The method presented in this paper may be used as a tool when international, regional and domestic regulators make decisions on what may be the highest value use for a particular band or perhaps where prices should be set to assist a band to move to its highest value use.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127444365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936245
Moslem Rashidi, K. Haghighi, Ashkan Panahi, M. Viberg
For systems and devices, such as cognitive radio and networks, that need to be aware of available frequency bands, spectrum sensing has an important role. A major challenge in this area is the requirement of a high sampling rate in the sensing of a wideband signal. In this paper a wideband spectrum sensing method is presented that utilizes a sub-Nyquist sampling scheme to bring substantial savings in terms of the sampling rate. The correlation matrix of a finite number of noisy samples is computed and used by a non-linear least square (NLLS) estimator to detect the occupied and vacant channels of the spectrum. We provide an expression for the detection threshold as a function of sampling parameters and noise power. Also, a sequential forward selection algorithm is presented to find the occupied channels with low complexity. The method can be applied to both correlated and uncorrelated wideband multichannel signals. A comparison with conventional energy detection using Nyquist-rate sampling shows that the proposed scheme can yield similar performance for SNR above 4 dB with a factor of 3 smaller sampling rate.
{"title":"A NLLS based sub-nyquist rate spectrum sensing for wideband cognitive radio","authors":"Moslem Rashidi, K. Haghighi, Ashkan Panahi, M. Viberg","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936245","url":null,"abstract":"For systems and devices, such as cognitive radio and networks, that need to be aware of available frequency bands, spectrum sensing has an important role. A major challenge in this area is the requirement of a high sampling rate in the sensing of a wideband signal. In this paper a wideband spectrum sensing method is presented that utilizes a sub-Nyquist sampling scheme to bring substantial savings in terms of the sampling rate. The correlation matrix of a finite number of noisy samples is computed and used by a non-linear least square (NLLS) estimator to detect the occupied and vacant channels of the spectrum. We provide an expression for the detection threshold as a function of sampling parameters and noise power. Also, a sequential forward selection algorithm is presented to find the occupied channels with low complexity. The method can be applied to both correlated and uncorrelated wideband multichannel signals. A comparison with conventional energy detection using Nyquist-rate sampling shows that the proposed scheme can yield similar performance for SNR above 4 dB with a factor of 3 smaller sampling rate.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115039742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936204
J. Naganawa, Hojun Kim, S. Saruwatari, Hisashi Onaga, H. Morikawa
A suitable spectrum policy is essential to allow efficient use of the radio spectrum. The Japanese government currently employs a Command and Control (C&C) regime, but measures must be taken to speed up governmental decisions. The first step is to obtain spectrum utilization data which can form the basis of such decisions. This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a distributed spectrum sensing system that continually measures spectrum utilization at multiple locations. The system has an architecture that enables it to utilize a wide range of existing wireless devices and measurement equipment, which can be used as sensing nodes to rapidly expand the coverage area. By focusing on the way to easily expand the measurement coverage, our work complements previous spectrum measurements, which have been conducted with high accuracy in the context of cognitive radios.
{"title":"Distributed spectrum sensing utilizing heterogeneous wireless devices and measurement equipment","authors":"J. Naganawa, Hojun Kim, S. Saruwatari, Hisashi Onaga, H. Morikawa","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936204","url":null,"abstract":"A suitable spectrum policy is essential to allow efficient use of the radio spectrum. The Japanese government currently employs a Command and Control (C&C) regime, but measures must be taken to speed up governmental decisions. The first step is to obtain spectrum utilization data which can form the basis of such decisions. This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a distributed spectrum sensing system that continually measures spectrum utilization at multiple locations. The system has an architecture that enables it to utilize a wide range of existing wireless devices and measurement equipment, which can be used as sensing nodes to rapidly expand the coverage area. By focusing on the way to easily expand the measurement coverage, our work complements previous spectrum measurements, which have been conducted with high accuracy in the context of cognitive radios.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123976507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-03DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936220
Kate Harrison, A. Sahai
The TV whitespaces have recently been opened up for semi-unlicensed use by frequency-agile radios. However, there is a potentially significant flaw in the adopted rules: they try to treat the whitespaces in a manner similar to the ISM bands — with per-device transmit-power constraints. Unfortunately, wireless interference aggregates and the population density across the United States of America varies by orders of magnitude. This means that the aggregate interference that TV receivers might face could increase as whitespace devices are deployed, and could collectively cause a loss of reception within the supposedly protected contours. However, it is not too late. The adopted geolocation plus databases approach lets us avoid this problem by changing database behavior — instead of just controlling where white-space devices operate, we should also hold their aggregate emissions to within a certain power density (i.e. by area). With the looming problem resolved, we can also try to address one of the main tensions within the entire TV whitespace approach: any set of allowed power/height/distance rules is implicitly prioritizing rural vs urban needs and picking favorites among different applications. Alas, the reality of aggregate interference prevents us from making everyone simultaneously perfectly happy. To enable higher transmit powers further from TV stations, we must necessarily reduce the allowed powers closer in. But amazingly, the properties of wireless propagation and information-theory combine to suggest that universally approximately-optimal approaches might be possible that could compromise between these competing interests in a principled way. We explore a pair of such rules and show that indeed, most people can get a data-rate close to what they would have gotten if the rules had been written especially for them.
{"title":"Potential collapse of whitespaces and the prospect for a universal power rule","authors":"Kate Harrison, A. Sahai","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936220","url":null,"abstract":"The TV whitespaces have recently been opened up for semi-unlicensed use by frequency-agile radios. However, there is a potentially significant flaw in the adopted rules: they try to treat the whitespaces in a manner similar to the ISM bands — with per-device transmit-power constraints. Unfortunately, wireless interference aggregates and the population density across the United States of America varies by orders of magnitude. This means that the aggregate interference that TV receivers might face could increase as whitespace devices are deployed, and could collectively cause a loss of reception within the supposedly protected contours. However, it is not too late. The adopted geolocation plus databases approach lets us avoid this problem by changing database behavior — instead of just controlling where white-space devices operate, we should also hold their aggregate emissions to within a certain power density (i.e. by area). With the looming problem resolved, we can also try to address one of the main tensions within the entire TV whitespace approach: any set of allowed power/height/distance rules is implicitly prioritizing rural vs urban needs and picking favorites among different applications. Alas, the reality of aggregate interference prevents us from making everyone simultaneously perfectly happy. To enable higher transmit powers further from TV stations, we must necessarily reduce the allowed powers closer in. But amazingly, the properties of wireless propagation and information-theory combine to suggest that universally approximately-optimal approaches might be possible that could compromise between these competing interests in a principled way. We explore a pair of such rules and show that indeed, most people can get a data-rate close to what they would have gotten if the rules had been written especially for them.","PeriodicalId":119856,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128488557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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