Indonesia is the nation with abundant of natural resources. Natural resources itself in kind of crude oil, natural gas, coal, geothermal, hydropower, wind, and biomass become the commodity which is targeted to enhance economic development by utilizing them as the object for electrical supply in Indonesia, especially for nation electricity need. In Indonesia, the index for electrification reaches up to 94.91% in 2017 and continuously increasing year by year. It is contrary to regional electrification index as some developing region still far below 80%, even though those region have a huge amount of renewable resources potential, ranging from, solar, water, biomass, wind, geothermal as well as garbage. That potential does not go in line with renewable energy power plant which counts to 1% of total energy source. It can be analyzed that it happen because the inavailability of technology and social-political activity in Indonesia. Other than that, the system of centralization of electrical provision inhibit the potential of each region that could directly handled by local society. Therefore in this paper we propose a solution in form of renewable energy cooperatives (REC). REC applies the system of people economy to enhance the power plant establishment. REC would give capital to local society that comes from their own, to establish their own power plant. This allows the shifting to decentralization to optimize region potential and help government to reach the goal of electrification in Indonesia and plays major role in transforming Indonesian economic. Keyword : Renewable Energy Cooperatives, electrification, decentralization, renewable energy, developing region, society’s characteristic, legal
{"title":"Renewable Energy Cooperatives as Solution to Enhance Electrification and Economic in Developing Region","authors":"Ade Hilmy Maulana Achzab, I. R. Putra","doi":"10.33116/IJE.V2I1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33116/IJE.V2I1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is the nation with abundant of natural resources. Natural resources itself in kind of crude oil, natural gas, coal, geothermal, hydropower, wind, and biomass become the commodity which is targeted to enhance economic development by utilizing them as the object for electrical supply in Indonesia, especially for nation electricity need. In Indonesia, the index for electrification reaches up to 94.91% in 2017 and continuously increasing year by year. It is contrary to regional electrification index as some developing region still far below 80%, even though those region have a huge amount of renewable resources potential, ranging from, solar, water, biomass, wind, geothermal as well as garbage. That potential does not go in line with renewable energy power plant which counts to 1% of total energy source. It can be analyzed that it happen because the inavailability of technology and social-political activity in Indonesia. Other than that, the system of centralization of electrical provision inhibit the potential of each region that could directly handled by local society. Therefore in this paper we propose a solution in form of renewable energy cooperatives (REC). REC applies the system of people economy to enhance the power plant establishment. REC would give capital to local society that comes from their own, to establish their own power plant. This allows the shifting to decentralization to optimize region potential and help government to reach the goal of electrification in Indonesia and plays major role in transforming Indonesian economic. \u0000Keyword : Renewable Energy Cooperatives, electrification, decentralization, renewable energy, developing region, society’s characteristic, legal","PeriodicalId":119876,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130733834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lilyana Lilyana, Naufal Sanca Lovandhika, R. Tambunan, S. Utomo, T. Zagloel, L. Gozali
Indonesia, as the second longest coastline country in the world, contain a huge coastal area need to be managed. One way to manage coastal area is using monitoring systems, yet none of them has been effectively implemented in Indonesia. This research attempts to develop monitoring system using indicators. There were 105 indicators that chosen from references. Each of the indicators were filtered by scoring method and then be processed using PLS-SEM resulting 9 indicators and sustainability development monitoring model. Coastal Area of North Jakarta has been chosen as area to implementing the model since that area are dynamics and growing rapidly. Based on the model, coastal area of North Jakarta has good economic condition (62.2%), medium social condition (46.7%), and bad natural environment condition (38%). Sustainable development seems quite implemented in this area since the balance of Economic-Social-Natural Environment was on the medium and balanced category. By using GIS can be seen that the development that occurred in west side study area are better than middle or east side. Keywords: Sustainable Development, Indicators, PLS-SEM, Coastal Area, Monitoring, GIS
{"title":"Sustainable Development Assessment on North Jakarta using Indicators and PLS-SEM","authors":"Lilyana Lilyana, Naufal Sanca Lovandhika, R. Tambunan, S. Utomo, T. Zagloel, L. Gozali","doi":"10.33116/IJE.V2I1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33116/IJE.V2I1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia, as the second longest coastline country in the world, contain a huge coastal area need to be managed. One way to manage coastal area is using monitoring systems, yet none of them has been effectively implemented in Indonesia. This research attempts to develop monitoring system using indicators. There were 105 indicators that chosen from references. Each of the indicators were filtered by scoring method and then be processed using PLS-SEM resulting 9 indicators and sustainability development monitoring model. Coastal Area of North Jakarta has been chosen as area to implementing the model since that area are dynamics and growing rapidly. Based on the model, coastal area of North Jakarta has good economic condition (62.2%), medium social condition (46.7%), and bad natural environment condition (38%). Sustainable development seems quite implemented in this area since the balance of Economic-Social-Natural Environment was on the medium and balanced category. By using GIS can be seen that the development that occurred in west side study area are better than middle or east side. \u0000Keywords: Sustainable Development, Indicators, PLS-SEM, Coastal Area, Monitoring, GIS","PeriodicalId":119876,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115261374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
President Jokowi has promised to add 35 GW of power to the national grid, while the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources wants to source 23% of its power from renewable sources by 2025. It will be difficult to reconcile these two goals as the majority of Indonesia’s 35 GW is expected to come from high-capacity coal and gas-fired plants on Java and Sumatra. This runs the risk of both undershooting the renewables goal and neglecting the more remote provinces in eastern Indonesia that rely mainly on imported diesel fuel. With a shrewd policy aproach, this could pose an opportunity to begin developing small-scale renewable power sources – such as solar, wind, and biomass gasification – in more remote parts of Indonesia where natural resources are plentiful and large-scale fossil fuel plants are impractical. This would allow PLN to both boost the share of renewables in the energy mix and acquire experience running flexible micro-grids capable of managing diverse and decentralized energy sources. This would put Indonesia ahead of the curve, as efficient grids that can draw power from a wide range of sources will likely play a big role in the future of energy policy. If PLN continues to focus narrowly on high-capacity gas and coal plants, it will risk getting locked into an inflexible, high-carbon structure ill-suited for the needs of the 21st century. The limits of such a model are already showing in the United States. Keywords: Infrastructure, energy policy, renewables, smart grid, PLN
{"title":"Turning a Liability into an Asset","authors":"J. Guild","doi":"10.33116/IJE.V2I1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33116/IJE.V2I1.32","url":null,"abstract":"President Jokowi has promised to add 35 GW of power to the national grid, while the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources wants to source 23% of its power from renewable sources by 2025. It will be difficult to reconcile these two goals as the majority of Indonesia’s 35 GW is expected to come from high-capacity coal and gas-fired plants on Java and Sumatra. This runs the risk of both undershooting the renewables goal and neglecting the more remote provinces in eastern Indonesia that rely mainly on imported diesel fuel. With a shrewd policy aproach, this could pose an opportunity to begin developing small-scale renewable power sources – such as solar, wind, and biomass gasification – in more remote parts of Indonesia where natural resources are plentiful and large-scale fossil fuel plants are impractical. This would allow PLN to both boost the share of renewables in the energy mix and acquire experience running flexible micro-grids capable of managing diverse and decentralized energy sources. This would put Indonesia ahead of the curve, as efficient grids that can draw power from a wide range of sources will likely play a big role in the future of energy policy. If PLN continues to focus narrowly on high-capacity gas and coal plants, it will risk getting locked into an inflexible, high-carbon structure ill-suited for the needs of the 21st century. The limits of such a model are already showing in the United States. \u0000Keywords: Infrastructure, energy policy, renewables, smart grid, PLN","PeriodicalId":119876,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128089165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As an oil producing nation, Indonesia embodied its authority to manage its oil resources through article 33 paragraphs 3 of The Republic of Indonesia Constitution 1945. Regarding the article, this means that the state has the authority to manage Indonesian natural resources, directly or indirectly, through other public and/or private institutions and the profit of such activity shall be for the benefit of the people. This granted the state to appoint other institution, including a National/International Oil Company (NOC/IOC), to manage the exploration and production of oil, as that particular activity is regarded as a high risk and high capital business. In order to do so, according to Law no. 22 2001, the state may appoint a NOC/IOC through a production sharing contract. In this research, it is founded that the regulation that governed a production sharing contract with the gross split mechanism—Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 8 2017 jo. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 52 2017—does not have a strong legal basis. In overall, the management of oil and gas through the gross split mechanism does not gives a maximum benefit for the state, and does not attract the IOC/NOC interest to explore and produce oil and gas in Indonesia. Therefore, in this paper, the reviewing of oil and gas management through a gross split mechanism is recommended. Keywords: management, gross split scheme, income taxes
{"title":"The Legality of Oil & Gas Production Sharing Contract Gross Split Scheme","authors":"Fakharsyah Hanif Sugiyartomo","doi":"10.33116/IJE.V2I1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33116/IJE.V2I1.33","url":null,"abstract":"As an oil producing nation, Indonesia embodied its authority to manage its oil resources through article 33 paragraphs 3 of The Republic of Indonesia Constitution 1945. Regarding the article, this means that the state has the authority to manage Indonesian natural resources, directly or indirectly, through other public and/or private institutions and the profit of such activity shall be for the benefit of the people. This granted the state to appoint other institution, including a National/International Oil Company (NOC/IOC), to manage the exploration and production of oil, as that particular activity is regarded as a high risk and high capital business. In order to do so, according to Law no. 22 2001, the state may appoint a NOC/IOC through a production sharing contract. In this research, it is founded that the regulation that governed a production sharing contract with the gross split mechanism—Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 8 2017 jo. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 52 2017—does not have a strong legal basis. In overall, the management of oil and gas through the gross split mechanism does not gives a maximum benefit for the state, and does not attract the IOC/NOC interest to explore and produce oil and gas in Indonesia. Therefore, in this paper, the reviewing of oil and gas management through a gross split mechanism is recommended. \u0000Keywords: management, gross split scheme, income taxes","PeriodicalId":119876,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133731958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study has been done to perceive the uptake and impact of Big Data in the exploration and production of oil and gas in Indonesia compared to Norway. Interviews were conducted to officials in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MoEMR) and the state regulator, SKK Migas. In both industries, more data is being generated more than ever in exploration, production, drilling, and operations, indicating potential application of Big Data. However, approach towards data has remained classical with physical models in opposed to common Big Data approach, which is data-driven analytics. Several impacts of Big Data in both industries are highlighted, including new demand for data analysts, the need for regulations surrounding cyber-security, improvement of safety and environment (which hasn’t been considered in Indonesia), and growing need for more trust and regulations towards open data. Open data in the two industries has seen two different trajectories with Indonesia only implementing it very recently, while the NCS has seen open data drives competition since 1999. This study produced recommendations for the government of Indonesia on open data and how uptake and application of Big Data analytics in EOR could potentially increase national petroleum production to desired levels. Keywords: Big Data, open data, oil and gas in Indonesia, Norway Continental Shelf, data analytics, EOR
{"title":"The Use of Big Data in The Oil and Gas Upstream Industry","authors":"K. Syaifullah","doi":"10.33116/IJE.V2I1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33116/IJE.V2I1.31","url":null,"abstract":"A study has been done to perceive the uptake and impact of Big Data in the exploration and production of oil and gas in Indonesia compared to Norway. Interviews were conducted to officials in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MoEMR) and the state regulator, SKK Migas. In both industries, more data is being generated more than ever in exploration, production, drilling, and operations, indicating potential application of Big Data. However, approach towards data has remained classical with physical models in opposed to common Big Data approach, which is data-driven analytics. Several impacts of Big Data in both industries are highlighted, including new demand for data analysts, the need for regulations surrounding cyber-security, improvement of safety and environment (which hasn’t been considered in Indonesia), and growing need for more trust and regulations towards open data. Open data in the two industries has seen two different trajectories with Indonesia only implementing it very recently, while the NCS has seen open data drives competition since 1999. This study produced recommendations for the government of Indonesia on open data and how uptake and application of Big Data analytics in EOR could potentially increase national petroleum production to desired levels. \u0000Keywords: Big Data, open data, oil and gas in Indonesia, Norway Continental Shelf, data analytics, EOR","PeriodicalId":119876,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133193780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past century, fossil fuels have dominated energy supply in Indonesia. However, concerns over emissions are likely to change the future energy supply. As people become more conscious of environmental issues, alternatives for energy are sought to reduce the environmental impacts. These include renewable energy (RE) sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, most RE sources like solar PV are not available continuously since they depend on weather conditions, in addition to geographical location. Bali has a stable and long sunny day with 12 hours of daylight throughout the year and an average insolation of 5.3 kWh/m2 per day. This study looks at the potential for on-grid solar PV to decarbonize energy in Bali. A site selection methodology using GIS is applied to measure solar PV potential. Firstly, the study investigates the boundaries related to environmental acceptability and economic objectives for land use in Bali. Secondly, the potential of solar energy is estimated by defining the suitable areas, given the technical assumptions of solar PV. Finally, the study extends the analysis to calculate the reduction in emissions when the calculated potential is installed. Some technical factors, such as tilting solar, and intermittency throughout the day, are outside the scope of this study. Based on this model, Bali has an annual electricity potential for 32-53 TWh from solar PV using amorphous thin-film silicon as the cheapest option. This potential amount to three times the electricity supply for the island in 2024 which is estimated at 10 TWh. Bali has an excessive potential to support its own electricity demand with renewables, however, some limitations exist with some trade-offs to realize the idea. These results aim to build a developmental vision of solar PV systems in Bali based on available land and the region’s irradiation.
{"title":"A tes","authors":"Ije Manager","doi":"10.33116/ije.v1i3.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33116/ije.v1i3.27","url":null,"abstract":"In the past century, fossil fuels have dominated energy supply in Indonesia. However, concerns over emissions are likely to change the future energy supply. As people become more conscious of environmental issues, alternatives for energy are sought to reduce the environmental impacts. These include renewable energy (RE) sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, most RE sources like solar PV are not available continuously since they depend on weather conditions, in addition to geographical location. Bali has a stable and long sunny day with 12 hours of daylight throughout the year and an average insolation of 5.3 kWh/m2 per day. This study looks at the potential for on-grid solar PV to decarbonize energy in Bali. A site selection methodology using GIS is applied to measure solar PV potential. Firstly, the study investigates the boundaries related to environmental acceptability and economic objectives for land use in Bali. Secondly, the potential of solar energy is estimated by defining the suitable areas, given the technical assumptions of solar PV. Finally, the study extends the analysis to calculate the reduction in emissions when the calculated potential is installed. Some technical factors, such as tilting solar, and intermittency throughout the day, are outside the scope of this study. Based on this model, Bali has an annual electricity potential for 32-53 TWh from solar PV using amorphous thin-film silicon as the cheapest option. This potential amount to three times the electricity supply for the island in 2024 which is estimated at 10 TWh. Bali has an excessive potential to support its own electricity demand with renewables, however, some limitations exist with some trade-offs to realize the idea. These results aim to build a developmental vision of solar PV systems in Bali based on available land and the region’s irradiation.","PeriodicalId":119876,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129133236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates enabling conditions for facilitating social innovation in the energy sector. This aspect is important to support the energy transition in Indonesia. This research provides appropriate project direction, including research (and action) gaps for the energy actors in Indonesia. The actors are encouraged to work further with the result of this study to stimulate the energy transition in Indonesia. This study uses a systemic change framework which recognizes four drivers of systemic change in a region: 1. transforming political ecologies; 2. configuring green economies; 3. building adaptive communities; 4. social innovation. These drivers are interconnected, and this study focuses on how the social innovation can be supported by other drivers. This study used interviews and literature review as the sources of data. There were interviews with eight experts who come from different countries and are experienced in social innovation in the energy sector. Afterward, this research reviewed related journal papers from the last five years, to check the latest developments within the topic, to support the interview results. The study found that the enabling condition can focus on one of the drivers of systemic change, which is building communities by increasing their participation, through several integrated actions. This point can be implemented in two types of citizen energy initiatives which are energy cooperatives and sustainable consumption initiatives. Further implementation of these initiatives requires a study on policy and governance support, to create complete enabling conditions to facilitate social innovation in the energy transition. Keywords: Enabling condition, social innovation, renewable energy, citizen initiatives, community participation
{"title":"Enabling Community Participation for Social Innovation in the Energy Sector","authors":"I. Budiman","doi":"10.33116/IJE.V1I2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33116/IJE.V1I2.23","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates enabling conditions for facilitating social innovation in the energy sector. This aspect is important to support the energy transition in Indonesia. This research provides appropriate project direction, including research (and action) gaps for the energy actors in Indonesia. The actors are encouraged to work further with the result of this study to stimulate the energy transition in Indonesia. This study uses a systemic change framework which recognizes four drivers of systemic change in a region: 1. transforming political ecologies; 2. configuring green economies; 3. building adaptive communities; 4. social innovation. These drivers are interconnected, and this study focuses on how the social innovation can be supported by other drivers. This study used interviews and literature review as the sources of data. There were interviews with eight experts who come from different countries and are experienced in social innovation in the energy sector. Afterward, this research reviewed related journal papers from the last five years, to check the latest developments within the topic, to support the interview results. The study found that the enabling condition can focus on one of the drivers of systemic change, which is building communities by increasing their participation, through several integrated actions. This point can be implemented in two types of citizen energy initiatives which are energy cooperatives and sustainable consumption initiatives. Further implementation of these initiatives requires a study on policy and governance support, to create complete enabling conditions to facilitate social innovation in the energy transition. \u0000Keywords: Enabling condition, social innovation, renewable energy, citizen initiatives, community participation","PeriodicalId":119876,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133812110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impacts of high dependence on oil on the economy have encouraged many countries to start eliminating or sharply reducing their dependence on oil consumption. As an oil importer as well as oil and gas producer country, Indonesia seeks to do the same thing by eliminating fuel subsidies, shifting to gas, and developing renewable energy. The oil price affects the economic and energy policies and impacts the efforts of reducing oil dependence. Using an econometric model of Indonesia’s energy that is constructed based on its energy balance model, this paper will examine factors that influence the oil demand in Indonesia. It will estimate the country’s energy needs from 2017 to 2030 and simulate various alternative strategies to deal with oil dependencies, such as an increase in the refinery capacity, and a shift from oil to gas in the transportation sector. This paper suggests that shifting from oil to gas in the transportation sector will be able to reduce oil dependency, while the alternative of increasing refinery capacity to 3 million barrel per day will be an opportunity to support greater short-term energy security and economic returns. Keywords: Economy, econometric, energy, oil dependence, sustainable energy security
{"title":"Estimation of Indonesia's Energy Demand to 2030 and Alternatives Scenario to Reduce Oil Dependence","authors":"D. A. Mardiana, R. Kartoatmodjo, S. Kasmungin","doi":"10.33116/IJE.V1I2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33116/IJE.V1I2.24","url":null,"abstract":"The impacts of high dependence on oil on the economy have encouraged many countries to start eliminating or sharply reducing their dependence on oil consumption. As an oil importer as well as oil and gas producer country, Indonesia seeks to do the same thing by eliminating fuel subsidies, shifting to gas, and developing renewable energy. The oil price affects the economic and energy policies and impacts the efforts of reducing oil dependence. Using an econometric model of Indonesia’s energy that is constructed based on its energy balance model, this paper will examine factors that influence the oil demand in Indonesia. It will estimate the country’s energy needs from 2017 to 2030 and simulate various alternative strategies to deal with oil dependencies, such as an increase in the refinery capacity, and a shift from oil to gas in the transportation sector. This paper suggests that shifting from oil to gas in the transportation sector will be able to reduce oil dependency, while the alternative of increasing refinery capacity to 3 million barrel per day will be an opportunity to support greater short-term energy security and economic returns. \u0000Keywords: Economy, econometric, energy, oil dependence, sustainable energy security","PeriodicalId":119876,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127198962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Budiman, Raushanfikr Muthahhari, C. Kaynak, Fabian Reichwein, Wandi Zhang
More than the half of Indonesian households primarily rely upon firewood for cooking. To overcomecthis problem, multiple initiatives established the decentralized biogas programs. This paper aims to analyze the environmental problem of firewood cooking and to find out various challenges and opportunities for biogas dissemination in rural areas in Indonesia. The method used in this paper is literature review with frameworks of DPSIR and stakeholder matrix. The result found that the firewood cooking is adversely impacting local wooded ecosystems, deforestation rate and negative effect on human respiratory health. The biogas programme is still not able to replace the firewood use. The research found that it is caused by two major challenges. The first one is the issue with the project's approach in which biogas programmes are still dominated by the government grants. This situation leads to community dependency on the grant, lack of investment and low demand and market in this sector. The second challenge is the technology part where many biogas digesters were not operated due to the low quality of installation, and lack of knowledge and skill of the biogas user about the maintenance and installation of the digester. This study suggests that there is the opportunity to improve the approach of governmental biogas programme. It has to involve more roles from non-state actors. In the user side, the farmers as majority user also should be trained properly how to maintain the biogas installations. As the solution, instead of the full grant, the programme can reduce the percentage of subsidy and turn the cost to provide more digesters and training. Key stakeholders need to have cooperation to increase the quality and quantity of the biogas dissemination. Keywords: Biogas, firewood, programme, technology, Indonesia
{"title":"Multiple Challenges and Opportunities for Biogas Dissemination in Indonesia","authors":"I. Budiman, Raushanfikr Muthahhari, C. Kaynak, Fabian Reichwein, Wandi Zhang","doi":"10.33116/IJE.V1I2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33116/IJE.V1I2.25","url":null,"abstract":"More than the half of Indonesian households primarily rely upon firewood for cooking. To overcomecthis problem, multiple initiatives established the decentralized biogas programs. This paper aims to analyze the environmental problem of firewood cooking and to find out various challenges and opportunities for biogas dissemination in rural areas in Indonesia. The method used in this paper is literature review with frameworks of DPSIR and stakeholder matrix. The result found that the firewood cooking is adversely impacting local wooded ecosystems, deforestation rate and negative effect on human respiratory health. The biogas programme is still not able to replace the firewood use. The research found that it is caused by two major challenges. The first one is the issue with the project's approach in which biogas programmes are still dominated by the government grants. This situation leads to community dependency on the grant, lack of investment and low demand and market in this sector. The second challenge is the technology part where many biogas digesters were not operated due to the low quality of installation, and lack of knowledge and skill of the biogas user about the maintenance and installation of the digester. This study suggests that there is the opportunity to improve the approach of governmental biogas programme. It has to involve more roles from non-state actors. In the user side, the farmers as majority user also should be trained properly how to maintain the biogas installations. As the solution, instead of the full grant, the programme can reduce the percentage of subsidy and turn the cost to provide more digesters and training. Key stakeholders need to have cooperation to increase the quality and quantity of the biogas dissemination. \u0000Keywords: Biogas, firewood, programme, technology, Indonesia","PeriodicalId":119876,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132569890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the wake of a new fiscal system related to oil and gas industry in Indonesia, namely the gross split system, concerns have been risen due to the fact that the new regulation puts forward EOR as an obligation for oil and gas contractors in order to gain significant incentives to improve field economics. Although EOR itself is a mature and proven technologically and economically to alleviate oil production thus encouraging profitable business, it has to be realized that most greenfields in Indonesia are relatively small compared to previous discoveries or case studies encountered abroad, rendering EOR to be economically obsolete to be implemented in full field scale. This study presents a new concept and suggestions for stakeholders to implement massive tertiary recovery in oil reservoirs around Indonesia using the less expensive and more result oriented, reducing the need for lengthy procedure before full scale EOR can take place. Keywords: Enhanced oil recovery, gross split, huff & puff
{"title":"Redefining EOR In Indonesia’s Oil & Gas Industry","authors":"S. Chandra, S. Rachmat","doi":"10.33116/IJE.V1I2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33116/IJE.V1I2.26","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of a new fiscal system related to oil and gas industry in Indonesia, namely the gross split system, concerns have been risen due to the fact that the new regulation puts forward EOR as an obligation for oil and gas contractors in order to gain significant incentives to improve field economics. Although EOR itself is a mature and proven technologically and economically to alleviate oil production thus encouraging profitable business, it has to be realized that most greenfields in Indonesia are relatively small compared to previous discoveries or case studies encountered abroad, rendering EOR to be economically obsolete to be implemented in full field scale. This study presents a new concept and suggestions for stakeholders to implement massive tertiary recovery in oil reservoirs around Indonesia using the less expensive and more result oriented, reducing the need for lengthy procedure before full scale EOR can take place. \u0000Keywords: Enhanced oil recovery, gross split, huff & puff","PeriodicalId":119876,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115425961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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