Live sound reinforcement has always been associated with popular music performances. However, the type of live sound reinforcement strategies and techniques employed at any given time depends on the technology available to practitioners. The 1940s–1950s represents the emergence and development of highlife big-bands and a social change in the Gold Coast, where people were becoming economically sound to enjoy evening outings. This phenomenon, however, presented live entertainers with a new challenge of reaching more audiences with their performances. In this paper, we look at the live sound reinforcement strategies employed by highlife big-bands of the 1940s–1950s and how the available technology enhanced their performances in Ghana under the period of review. Using interviews, document and audio reviews for data collection, we draw attention to Vortexion amplifier and its influences on the live sound reinforcement practices and live performance in Ghana. Subsequently, we conclude that the live sound strategies in an era mirror the performance practices and their direct influences on the performers.
{"title":"Live Sound Reinforcement in Ghanaian Popular Music Scene (1940s–1950s)","authors":"Kwasi G., Mark M.C., Hope S.K.","doi":"10.52589/jarms-tjfbwnme","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/jarms-tjfbwnme","url":null,"abstract":"Live sound reinforcement has always been associated with popular music performances. However, the type of live sound reinforcement strategies and techniques employed at any given time depends on the technology available to practitioners. The 1940s–1950s represents the emergence and development of highlife big-bands and a social change in the Gold Coast, where people were becoming economically sound to enjoy evening outings. This phenomenon, however, presented live entertainers with a new challenge of reaching more audiences with their performances. In this paper, we look at the live sound reinforcement strategies employed by highlife big-bands of the 1940s–1950s and how the available technology enhanced their performances in Ghana under the period of review. Using interviews, document and audio reviews for data collection, we draw attention to Vortexion amplifier and its influences on the live sound reinforcement practices and live performance in Ghana. Subsequently, we conclude that the live sound strategies in an era mirror the performance practices and their direct influences on the performers.","PeriodicalId":120234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130553552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This multiple case study sought to find out the nature and principles of Kodàly music education, and draw inferences on its adaptability to the Ghanaian context. Using a semi-structured interview, data were collected from three OAKE members, analyzed with the aid of Nvivo 12 pro software, and reported in an intermingled narrative-descriptive manner. Findings revealed that the Kodàly approach, which traces its root to Budapest in Hungary, is a fruitful choice for music instruction. Zoltán Kodály (1882–1967), an educator and a philosopher, is credited with this pedagogical exploit. Diverse materials, tools and techniques have been identified in relation to the principles, with instances of contextual adaptations in different countries. We recommended that the Kodàly approach be adopted and adapted to Ghanaian basic school music curriculum. Future research will examine specific areas of adaptability in terms of contextual distinctiveness at various levels of education in Ghana.
{"title":"Kodály Music Instructional Principles in Ghanaian Basic Schools: A Contemplation on Adaptation","authors":"S. a, A. A., Michael A.K.A.","doi":"10.52589/jarms-mrvebkhk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/jarms-mrvebkhk","url":null,"abstract":"This multiple case study sought to find out the nature and principles of Kodàly music education, and draw inferences on its adaptability to the Ghanaian context. Using a semi-structured interview, data were collected from three OAKE members, analyzed with the aid of Nvivo 12 pro software, and reported in an intermingled narrative-descriptive manner. Findings revealed that the Kodàly approach, which traces its root to Budapest in Hungary, is a fruitful choice for music instruction. Zoltán Kodály (1882–1967), an educator and a philosopher, is credited with this pedagogical exploit. Diverse materials, tools and techniques have been identified in relation to the principles, with instances of contextual adaptations in different countries. We recommended that the Kodàly approach be adopted and adapted to Ghanaian basic school music curriculum. Future research will examine specific areas of adaptability in terms of contextual distinctiveness at various levels of education in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":120234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114752132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this experimental research was to investigate whether Mental Rehearsal and Imagery (MRI) activities would have effects on Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) among junior high students of Bomigo University Practice School. Subjects (N=50) were taken through a pre-test, a two-day Mental Rehearsal and Imagery (MRI) treatment and a post-test. Their heart rates were recorded by medical experts after each test. The study achieved a ratio level data. Results of a t-test conducted on the two groups revealed t (11) = 4.7, p < .05, indicating that MRI had a significant influence on MPA. Future research will help measure differences in the extent of effect that MRI may have on Music Performance Anxiety of students at other grades/levels.
摘要本实验旨在探讨心理排练与意象(MRI)活动对博米哥大学实践学校初中生音乐表演焦虑(MPA)的影响。研究对象(N=50)进行了前测、为期两天的核磁共振成像(MRI)治疗和后测。每次测试后，医学专家都会记录下他们的心率。本研究取得了比例水平的数据。两组间进行t检验，t (11) = 4.7, p < 0.05，表明MRI对MPA有显著影响。未来的研究将有助于测量MRI对其他年级/水平学生的音乐表演焦虑的影响程度的差异。
{"title":"The Effect of Mental Rehearsal and Imagery on Music Performance Anxiety among Junior High School Students","authors":"Samuel Agbenyo","doi":"10.52589/jarms-9wzmubwb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/jarms-9wzmubwb","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this experimental research was to investigate whether Mental Rehearsal and Imagery (MRI) activities would have effects on Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) among junior high students of Bomigo University Practice School. Subjects (N=50) were taken through a pre-test, a two-day Mental Rehearsal and Imagery (MRI) treatment and a post-test. Their heart rates were recorded by medical experts after each test. The study achieved a ratio level data. Results of a t-test conducted on the two groups revealed t (11) = 4.7, p < .05, indicating that MRI had a significant influence on MPA. Future research will help measure differences in the extent of effect that MRI may have on Music Performance Anxiety of students at other grades/levels.","PeriodicalId":120234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132390412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The complexities inherent in the process of reconstruction is one that cannot be overemphasized, most importantly, the need to reconstruct NATO in the post Trump era. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established in 1949 with the aim of providing collective security against threats and ideological conflicts posed by the Soviet Union. The United States of America has since then played strategic, pivotal and leadership roles for the sustainability of NATO. The organization's essential purpose is to safeguard the liberty and security of all its members by both political and military endeavors. Collective defense and security heart is the alliance, as well as the need to foster unity, solidarity and cohesion amongst member states. This paper, hinged on historical and analytical approaches, examines the essence of NATO from a historical perspective, and proper solutions as regards the reconstruction of NATO in the post Trump era. Evidently, realities on ground show the need to reconcile alongside member states, the vision and purpose of NATO in the 21st Century.
{"title":"The Reconstruction of NATO in the Post Trump Era","authors":"Ige Kehinde Moses","doi":"10.52589/jarms-rnnhsje6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/jarms-rnnhsje6","url":null,"abstract":"The complexities inherent in the process of reconstruction is one that cannot be overemphasized, most importantly, the need to reconstruct NATO in the post Trump era. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established in 1949 with the aim of providing collective security against threats and ideological conflicts posed by the Soviet Union. The United States of America has since then played strategic, pivotal and leadership roles for the sustainability of NATO. The organization's essential purpose is to safeguard the liberty and security of all its members by both political and military endeavors. Collective defense and security heart is the alliance, as well as the need to foster unity, solidarity and cohesion amongst member states. This paper, hinged on historical and analytical approaches, examines the essence of NATO from a historical perspective, and proper solutions as regards the reconstruction of NATO in the post Trump era. Evidently, realities on ground show the need to reconcile alongside member states, the vision and purpose of NATO in the 21st Century.","PeriodicalId":120234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114499265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study assessed FOCAC and the significance of the first Beijing Summit resolutions to Africa. The paper adopted developmental research design and qualitative method of data collection by means of secondary data. The study also leveraged on complex interdependence theory as a framework for analysis. The study found out that the Beijing Summit resolution to Africa organized in the year 2000 laid the foundation of mutual cooperation and assistance for the forum on China-Africa cooperation. Assessing the significance of the summit in consonance with the aims and objectives of FOCAC, as highlighted at the summit, it was found out that the summit was significant not only in the areas of debt cancellation and establishment of African human resource development fund and investment, but also in the areas of boosting rapid development of overall cooperation, leading a new type of international cooperation with Africa, promoting democratization of international relations and improving global governance on the principle of win-win cooperation. The paper lamented that there are some challenges faced by FOCAC and recommendations were provided.
{"title":"Assessment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and the Significance of the First Beijing Summit (2000) to Africa","authors":"Sheriff G.I., A. A., I. D.C.","doi":"10.52589/jarms-jhfevae8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/jarms-jhfevae8","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed FOCAC and the significance of the first Beijing Summit resolutions to Africa. The paper adopted developmental research design and qualitative method of data collection by means of secondary data. The study also leveraged on complex interdependence theory as a framework for analysis. The study found out that the Beijing Summit resolution to Africa organized in the year 2000 laid the foundation of mutual cooperation and assistance for the forum on China-Africa cooperation. Assessing the significance of the summit in consonance with the aims and objectives of FOCAC, as highlighted at the summit, it was found out that the summit was significant not only in the areas of debt cancellation and establishment of African human resource development fund and investment, but also in the areas of boosting rapid development of overall cooperation, leading a new type of international cooperation with Africa, promoting democratization of international relations and improving global governance on the principle of win-win cooperation. The paper lamented that there are some challenges faced by FOCAC and recommendations were provided.","PeriodicalId":120234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122737144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After two decades of the return to civil rule, the not too impressive scorecard of Nigerian democracy has raised concerns and questions demanding answers as to why the country is still struggling with the delivery of democratic governance and dividends such as; social welfare, justice, even-federal development as well as equal access to national resources. The paper inspects carefully, those factors that have and are hindering the success of democracy and democratic governance in Nigeria especially at the local government level. In doing this, related literatures were reviewed while the Structural Functionalist theory is adopted as the theoretical model or frame work and the collection of data was carried out through the secondary source. The study reveals that democracy in Nigeria especially at the local government level has not done up to its expectation due largely to corruption, partisan politics, upper governmental interference, lack of local government autonomy, among others. It therefore recommends that among other things, the local governments should be granted it constitutional autonomy in powers and functions, the fight against corruption should be stretched to the local government areas while Local government officials are made accountable to the local residence and that the leaders should be more ethical in their political pursue
{"title":"Challenges of Democracy in Nigerian Local Government System: A Critical Analysis","authors":"Sheriff G.I., Farouk I.B., Aliyu I.B.","doi":"10.52589/jarms-bjxq8p44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/jarms-bjxq8p44","url":null,"abstract":"After two decades of the return to civil rule, the not too impressive scorecard of Nigerian democracy has raised concerns and questions demanding answers as to why the country is still struggling with the delivery of democratic governance and dividends such as; social welfare, justice, even-federal development as well as equal access to national resources. The paper inspects carefully, those factors that have and are hindering the success of democracy and democratic governance in Nigeria especially at the local government level. In doing this, related literatures were reviewed while the Structural Functionalist theory is adopted as the theoretical model or frame work and the collection of data was carried out through the secondary source. The study reveals that democracy in Nigeria especially at the local government level has not done up to its expectation due largely to corruption, partisan politics, upper governmental interference, lack of local government autonomy, among others. It therefore recommends that among other things, the local governments should be granted it constitutional autonomy in powers and functions, the fight against corruption should be stretched to the local government areas while Local government officials are made accountable to the local residence and that the leaders should be more ethical in their political pursue","PeriodicalId":120234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133894829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examined China’s presence in Africa, the warm reception it has received from African states into the continent, the benefits Africa stands to gain from the relationship as well as other emerging issues. In order to arrive at a reliable outcome, the work utilized descriptive research design and obtained data from secondary sources such as textbooks, journals, research articles, magazines, newspaper, the internet, etc. While the analysis of the data was enhanced through the tool of content analysis, the linkage approach, which emphasizes the important connection between the domestic factor and the states actions and decisions at the international scene, was adopted as framework for the study. In all, the findings suggested that there are a lot of benefits accruing to Africa as a result of its relation with China. These were highlighted and discussed under various headings covering investment, training and technology transfer, scholarship, free interest loans, forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCA), job creation and skill acquisition. The study also pointed out the flip sides of China’s engagement in Africa. These issues, which are also emerging, include: human right abuse, Job loss due to competition, spying accusation and loss of confidence in China, wrong political influence and the piling up of debt traps through interest free loans. Some recommendations were made to ensure that both parties – China and Africa- mutually benefit from this engagement. Thus: Efforts should be made to sustain the relationship in such a way that both sides can benefit mutually. This could be attained by being opened and transparent in all the dealings by both parties; African states should seize the current opportunity of their engagement with China to develop their needed infrastructure and acquire the necessary skills and knowledge for their economic and industrial growth because delay may be dangerous; China should write its name in the annals of African technological breakthrough history by genuinely transfer more technology to African for self-reliance and development; All the issues considered as flip side in this study must be looked into, especially the issues of human rights abuse, wrong political influence and piling up of debt for the unborn generations; Finally, we believe that there is no engagement anywhere in the world that is devoid of issues but the ability to resolve them is what defines the texture and the contour of such engagement. Therefore, they must work hard to settle any issue that may arise between them, including the spying allegation leveled against China.
{"title":"China in Africa: Exploring the Dividends and the Challenges","authors":"G. I. Sheriff, E. Adie, L O Nwokedi","doi":"10.52589/jarms-ifamx5ue","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/jarms-ifamx5ue","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined China’s presence in Africa, the warm reception it has received from African states into the continent, the benefits Africa stands to gain from the relationship as well as other emerging issues. In order to arrive at a reliable outcome, the work utilized descriptive research design and obtained data from secondary sources such as textbooks, journals, research articles, magazines, newspaper, the internet, etc. While the analysis of the data was enhanced through the tool of content analysis, the linkage approach, which emphasizes the important connection between the domestic factor and the states actions and decisions at the international scene, was adopted as framework for the study. In all, the findings suggested that there are a lot of benefits accruing to Africa as a result of its relation with China. These were highlighted and discussed under various headings covering investment, training and technology transfer, scholarship, free interest loans, forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCA), job creation and skill acquisition. The study also pointed out the flip sides of China’s engagement in Africa. These issues, which are also emerging, include: human right abuse, Job loss due to competition, spying accusation and loss of confidence in China, wrong political influence and the piling up of debt traps through interest free loans. Some recommendations were made to ensure that both parties – China and Africa- mutually benefit from this engagement. Thus: Efforts should be made to sustain the relationship in such a way that both sides can benefit mutually. This could be attained by being opened and transparent in all the dealings by both parties; African states should seize the current opportunity of their engagement with China to develop their needed infrastructure and acquire the necessary skills and knowledge for their economic and industrial growth because delay may be dangerous; China should write its name in the annals of African technological breakthrough history by genuinely transfer more technology to African for self-reliance and development; All the issues considered as flip side in this study must be looked into, especially the issues of human rights abuse, wrong political influence and piling up of debt for the unborn generations; Finally, we believe that there is no engagement anywhere in the world that is devoid of issues but the ability to resolve them is what defines the texture and the contour of such engagement. Therefore, they must work hard to settle any issue that may arise between them, including the spying allegation leveled against China.","PeriodicalId":120234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120847392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies identify dearth of affordable core houses for households who cannot afford whole houses. Architectural design characteristics affecting design simplicity have been found to positively influence core housing affordability. Despite this, documentation on whether design simplicity has been considered in the designs of existing core houses is lacking. This is required to check imputs in future designs. Study examined reflection of design simplicity in architectural design of existing public core housing schemes in Anambra State, Nigeria, using Mixed Method approach. Data were obtained from architectural drawings of existing prototypes, field observations and personal interview protocols. Observation schedules with “Yes” and “No” ratings were used in ascertaining reflection of the attribute in each of the 7 prototypes studied. It was found featuring only in 3 out of the 7 prototypes. For affordability improvement, the paper recommends inculcating the variables constituting design simplicity in future core housing design in Anambra State.
{"title":"Examining Design Simplicity in Architectural Design of Public Core Housing Schemes in Anambra State of Nigeria","authors":"Okoye N.B.C.D., Onyegiri I. Prof., M. Okafor","doi":"10.52589/JARMS-I1K3R38I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/JARMS-I1K3R38I","url":null,"abstract":"Studies identify dearth of affordable core houses for households who cannot afford whole houses. Architectural design characteristics affecting design simplicity have been found to positively influence core housing affordability. Despite this, documentation on whether design simplicity has been considered in the designs of existing core houses is lacking. This is required to check imputs in future designs. Study examined reflection of design simplicity in architectural design of existing public core housing schemes in Anambra State, Nigeria, using Mixed Method approach. Data were obtained from architectural drawings of existing prototypes, field observations and personal interview protocols. Observation schedules with “Yes” and “No” ratings were used in ascertaining reflection of the attribute in each of the 7 prototypes studied. It was found featuring only in 3 out of the 7 prototypes. For affordability improvement, the paper recommends inculcating the variables constituting design simplicity in future core housing design in Anambra State.","PeriodicalId":120234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114013424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the 100 years existence of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since its formation in 1921 in the city of Shanghai. The significance of the CCP is also examined because it drives the policies of the Chinese People’s Republic of China. It dominates the economy and controls all the state institutions. The analysis of the development trajectory of the Chinese state in the last 100 years is examined along with its major developmental achievements. The paper examines related literature from library research using descriptive method. The political party and Marxist theories are the theoretical frameworks used in examining the development milestones. The finding shows that China has emerged as the second most dominant economy in the world and is gearing towards overtaking the United States’ economy in all areas. This paper concludes that the developmental achievements of the People’s Republic of China was made possible by the painstaking, diligent and careful central planning of adopting the Marxist, socialist and mixed economy approach to the development of China. Finally, the paper recommends that despite all these successes recorded by transforming China and developing its economy through the careful guidance of the party, there remains a lot of challenges that its leaders must address before its continued growth gets undermined.
{"title":"The Centenary of the Communist Party of China, Major Developmental Achievements and the New Blue Print","authors":"G. I. Sheriff, A. Aliyu","doi":"10.52589/jarms-zudvkfca","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/jarms-zudvkfca","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the 100 years existence of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since its formation in 1921 in the city of Shanghai. The significance of the CCP is also examined because it drives the policies of the Chinese People’s Republic of China. It dominates the economy and controls all the state institutions. The analysis of the development trajectory of the Chinese state in the last 100 years is examined along with its major developmental achievements. The paper examines related literature from library research using descriptive method. The political party and Marxist theories are the theoretical frameworks used in examining the development milestones. The finding shows that China has emerged as the second most dominant economy in the world and is gearing towards overtaking the United States’ economy in all areas. This paper concludes that the developmental achievements of the People’s Republic of China was made possible by the painstaking, diligent and careful central planning of adopting the Marxist, socialist and mixed economy approach to the development of China. Finally, the paper recommends that despite all these successes recorded by transforming China and developing its economy through the careful guidance of the party, there remains a lot of challenges that its leaders must address before its continued growth gets undermined.","PeriodicalId":120234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131011628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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