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2016 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)最新文献

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Spiking response model for uniaxial carbon concrete experimental data 单轴碳混凝土试验数据的峰值响应模型
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SSCI.2016.7849989
F. Leichsenring, W. Graf, M. Kaliske
In engineering related tasks, multiple types of neural networks are common methods of solution. Beside the different kinds of artificial neural networks, spiking neural networks (SNN) represent a continuative development in information processing within the computational units of a net. The properties of this neural type is utilized in this contribution in order to evaluate a uniaxial tension test of carbon reinforced specimen regarding the appearance of cracks in the composite structure during the experiment. The crack detection is considered as showcase for further development of evaluation methods based on SNNs with the focal point to engineering related experiments. This contribution is divided into five main parts, whereas the initial brief introduction is devoted to give an overview of neural networks and their computational units, particularly with regard to the classification of spiking neural networks. Since the proposed application of SNNs targets the evaluation of experimental data - especially crack detection - the uniaxial tension test of carbon reinforced concrete specimen is introduced, which is the basis for the experimental data. The utilized spike response model (SRM) is further presented in order to conclusively apply the method to experimental data for the purpose of crack occurrence detection within the data.
在工程相关任务中,多种类型的神经网络是常见的解决方法。与其他类型的人工神经网络相比,峰值神经网络(SNN)代表了网络计算单元内信息处理的持续发展。利用这种神经类型的特性,在本贡献中,为了评估碳增强试件的单轴拉伸试验中关于复合材料结构中裂纹的出现。裂纹检测是基于snn的评价方法进一步发展的窗口,并以工程相关实验为重点。本文分为五个主要部分,而最初的简要介绍致力于给出神经网络及其计算单元的概述,特别是关于脉冲神经网络的分类。由于snn的应用目标是对实验数据的评价,特别是裂缝检测,因此介绍了碳钢筋混凝土试件的单轴拉伸试验,这是实验数据的基础。为了最终将该方法应用到实验数据中,以便在数据中检测裂纹的发生,进一步提出了所使用的尖峰响应模型(SRM)。
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引用次数: 0
Fast approximators for optimal low-thrust hops between main belt asteroids 主带小行星间最佳低推力跳跃的快速逼近器
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SSCI.2016.7850107
Daniel Hennes, D. Izzo, D. Landau
We consider the problem of optimally transferring a spacecraft from a starting to a target asteroid. We introduce novel approximations for important quantities characterizing the optimal transfer in case of short transfer times (asteroid hops). We propose and study in detail approximations for the phasing value φ, for the maximum initial mass m* and for the arrival mass mf. The new approximations require orders of magnitude less computational effort with respect to state-of-the-art algorithms able to compute their ground-truth value. The accuracy of the introduced approximations is also found to be orders of magnitude superior with respect to other, commonly used, approximations based, for example, on Lambert models. Our results are obtained modelling the physics of the problem as well as employing computational intelligence techniques including the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm by decomposition framework, the hypervolume indicator and state of the art machine learning regressors.
我们考虑了航天器从起点到目标小行星的最佳转移问题。我们引入了新的近似的重要数量表征最优转移在短转移时间(小行星跳)的情况下。我们提出并研究了相位值φ、最大初始质量m*和到达质量mf的详细近似值。与能够计算其真值的最先进算法相比,新的近似值需要的计算工作量要少几个数量级。所引入的近似值的精度也被发现优于其他常用的近似值,例如基于兰伯特模型的近似值。我们的结果是通过对问题的物理建模以及采用计算智能技术获得的,包括通过分解框架的多目标进化算法,hypervolume指示器和最先进的机器学习回归器。
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引用次数: 31
Automated blood vessel segmentation of fundus images using region features of vessels 基于血管区域特征的眼底图像血管自动分割
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SSCI.2016.7849956
Zhun Fan, Jiewei Lu, Yibiao Rong
This paper proposes a novel and simple unsupervised vessel segmentation algorithm using fundus images. At first, the green channel of a fundus image is preprocessed to extract a binary image after the isotropic undecimated wavelet transform, and another binary image from the morphologically reconstructed image. Secondly, two initial vessel images are extracted according to the vessel region features for the connected regions in binary images. Next, the regions common to both initial vessel images are extracted as the major vessels. Then all remaining pixels in two initial vessel images are processed with skeleton extraction and simple linear iterative clustering. Finally the major vessels are combined with the processed vessel pixels. The proposed algorithm outperforms its competitors when compared with other widely used unsupervised and supervised methods, which achieves a vessel segmentation accuracy of 95.8% and 95.8% in an average time of 9.7s and 14.6s on images from two public datasets DRIVE and STARE, respectively.
提出了一种新颖、简单的眼底图像无监督血管分割算法。首先,对眼底图像的绿色通道进行预处理,经各向同性未消差小波变换后提取二值图像,再从形态学重构图像中提取二值图像。其次,根据二值图像中连通区域的血管区域特征提取两个初始血管图像;接下来,提取两个初始血管图像的共同区域作为主要血管。然后用骨架提取和简单的线性迭代聚类对两幅初始血管图像的剩余像素点进行处理。最后将主要血管与处理后的血管像素结合起来。与其他广泛使用的无监督和有监督方法相比,该算法在DRIVE和STARE两个公开数据集的图像上分别以9.7s和14.6s的平均时间实现了95.8%和95.8%的船舶分割准确率。
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引用次数: 10
Improving Symbolic Regression through a semantics-driven framework 通过语义驱动的框架改进符号回归
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SSCI.2016.7849941
Q. Huynh, H. Singh, T. Ray
The process of identifying analytical relationships among variables and responses in observed data is commonly referred to as Symbolic Regression (SR). Genetic Programming is one of the commonly used approaches for SR, which operates by evolving expressions. Such relationships could be explicit or implicit in nature, of which the former has been more extensively studied in literature. Even though extensive studies have been done in SR, the fundamental challenges such as bloat, loss of diversity and accurate determination of coefficients still persist. Recently, semantics and multi-objective formulation have been suggested as potential tools to alleviate these issues by building more intelligence in the search process. However, studies along both these directions have been in isolation and applied only to selected components of SR so far. In this paper, we intend to build a framework that integrates semantics deeper into more components of SR. The framework could be operated in conventional single objective as well as multi-objective mode and is capable of dealing with both explicit and implicit functions. Semantics are used in the proposed framework for improving compactness and diversity of expressions, crossover and local exploitation. Numerical experiments are presented on a set of benchmark problems to demonstrate the strengths of the proposed approach.
识别变量和观测数据响应之间的分析关系的过程通常被称为符号回归(SR)。遗传规划是SR的常用方法之一,它通过演化表达式进行操作。这种关系在本质上可以是显性的,也可以是隐性的,其中前者在文献中得到了更广泛的研究。尽管对SR进行了广泛的研究,但诸如膨胀、多样性丧失和准确确定系数等基本挑战仍然存在。最近,语义和多目标公式被认为是通过在搜索过程中构建更多智能来缓解这些问题的潜在工具。然而,到目前为止,沿着这两个方向的研究都是孤立的,并且只应用于SR的选定成分。在本文中,我们打算构建一个框架,将语义更深入地集成到sr的更多组件中。该框架可以在传统的单目标模式和多目标模式下运行,并且能够处理显式和隐式函数。在该框架中使用语义来提高表达的紧凑性和多样性,以及交叉和局部利用。在一组基准问题上进行了数值实验,以证明该方法的优点。
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引用次数: 1
A new multi-actor multi-attribute decision-making method to select the distribution centers' location 配送中心选址的一种多因素多属性决策方法
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SSCI.2016.7850217
Maroi Agrebi, M. Abed, Mohamed Nazih Omri
The location selection of distribution centers is one of important strategies to optimize the logistics system. To solve this problem, this paper presents a new multi-actor multi-attribute decision-making method based on ELECTRE I. The proposed method helps decision-makers to select a preferred location from a given set of locations for implementing. The strength of the proposed method is to incorporate the preferences of a set of decision-makers into account, notably the role of their experience into the decision-making process, consider both quantitative and qualitative criteria, take into account both desirable directions (Min and Max) and validate the selected location by both tests of concordance and discordance simultaneously. A case study is provided to illustrate the proposed method.
配送中心选址是优化物流系统的重要策略之一。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种新的基于ELECTRE i的多参与者多属性决策方法,该方法帮助决策者从给定的地点集中选择一个首选地点进行实施。所提议的方法的优点是考虑到一组决策者的偏好,特别是他们的经验在决策过程中的作用,考虑定量和定性标准,考虑到两个理想的方向(最小和最大),并通过同时进行一致性和不一致性测试来验证所选位置。最后给出了一个实例来说明所提出的方法。
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引用次数: 5
Evolutionary optimization with adaptive surrogates and its application in crude oil distillation 自适应代理的进化优化及其在原油蒸馏中的应用
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SSCI.2016.7850212
Xuhua Shi, Chudong Tong, Li Wang
Surrogate modelling and model management are key points for evolutionary optimization of chemical processes. This paper proposes an evolutionary algorithm with the help of adaptive surrogate functions (EASF), in which approximate models' establishment and management are combined to search the optimal result. To construct an appropriate surrogate model, a new hybrid modelling framework with adaptive Radial Basis Functions (RBF) (ARBF) is put forward. Different from most neural network modelling methods, ARBF is able to adaptively adjust the sample size by current approximation errors to effectively take into account the tradeoff between approximation accuracy and sample size. For model management, an approximation error fuzzy control strategy (AEFCS) is introduced. AEFCS in combination with ARBF can effectively perform exploratory and exploitative search in the evolutionary optimization. The superiority of EASF is demonstrated by the simulation results on three benchmark problems. To illustrate the performance of EASF further, it is employed to optimize the operating conditions of crude oil distillation process, and satisfactory results are obtained.
代理建模和模型管理是化工过程进化优化的关键。本文提出了一种基于自适应代理函数(EASF)的进化算法,该算法将近似模型的建立和管理相结合,以搜索最优结果。为了构造合适的代理模型,提出了一种新的自适应径向基函数(RBF)混合建模框架。与大多数神经网络建模方法不同,ARBF能够根据当前逼近误差自适应调整样本量,有效地考虑了逼近精度和样本量之间的权衡。在模型管理方面,引入近似误差模糊控制策略(AEFCS)。在进化优化中,AEFCS与ARBF结合可以有效地进行探索性和利用性搜索。三个基准问题的仿真结果证明了EASF算法的优越性。为了进一步说明EASF的性能,将其应用于原油蒸馏过程的操作条件优化,取得了满意的结果。
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引用次数: 4
Variable density based clustering 基于变密度的聚类
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SSCI.2016.7849925
Alexander Dockhorn, Christian Braune, R. Kruse
The class of density-based clustering algorithms excels in detecting clusters of arbitrary shape. DBSCAN, the most common representative, has been demonstrated to be useful in a lot of applications. Still the algorithm suffers from two drawbacks, namely a non-trivial parameter estimation for a given dataset and the limitation to data sets with constant cluster density. The first was already addressed in our previous work, where we presented two hierarchical implementations of DBSCAN. In combination with a simple optimization procedure, those proofed to be useful in detecting appropriate parameter estimates based on an objective function. However, our algorithm was not capable of producing clusters of differing density. In this work we will use the hierarchical information to extract variable density clusters and nested cluster structures. Our evaluation shows that the clustering approach based on edge-lengths of the dendrogram or based on area estimates successfully detects clusters of arbitrary shape and density.
基于密度的聚类算法在检测任意形状的聚类方面表现优异。DBSCAN是最常见的代表,已被证明在许多应用程序中都很有用。然而,该算法仍有两个缺点,即对给定数据集的非平凡参数估计和对恒定聚类密度的数据集的限制。第一个问题在我们之前的工作中已经解决了,我们提出了DBSCAN的两个分层实现。结合一个简单的优化过程,这些被证明是有用的,以检测适当的参数估计为基础的目标函数。然而,我们的算法不能产生不同密度的聚类。在这项工作中,我们将使用分层信息来提取变密度簇和嵌套簇结构。我们的评估表明,基于树形图边缘长度或基于面积估计的聚类方法成功地检测到任意形状和密度的聚类。
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引用次数: 11
Improving Artificial-Immune-System-based computing by exploiting intrinsic features of computer architectures 利用计算机体系结构的内在特征改进基于人工免疫系统的计算
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SSCI.2016.7850157
Yiqi Deng, P. Bentley, Alvee Momshad
Biological systems have become highly significant for traditional computer architectures as examples of highly complex self-organizing systems that perform tasks in parallel with no centralized control. However, few researchers have compared the suitability of different computing approaches for the unique features of Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) when trying to introduce novel computing architectures, and few consider the practicality of their solutions for real world machine learning problems. We propose that the efficacy of AIS-based computing for tackling real world datasets can be improved by the exploitation of intrinsic features of computer architectures. This paper reviews and evaluates current existing implementation solutions for AIS on different computing paradigms and introduces the idea of “C Principles” and “A Principles”. Three Artificial Immune Systems implemented on different architectures are compared using these principles to examine the possibility of improving AIS through taking advantage of intrinsic hardware features.
生物系统作为高度复杂的自组织系统的例子,在没有集中控制的情况下并行执行任务,对传统的计算机体系结构来说已经变得非常重要。然而,在尝试引入新的计算架构时,很少有研究人员比较不同计算方法对人工免疫系统(AIS)独特功能的适用性,也很少有人考虑其解决方案对现实世界机器学习问题的实用性。我们提出,利用计算机体系结构的内在特征,可以提高基于人工智能的计算处理真实世界数据集的效率。本文回顾和评估了目前不同计算范式下AIS的现有实现方案,并介绍了“C原则”和“A原则”的思想。使用这些原理比较了在不同架构上实现的三种人工免疫系统,以检查通过利用固有硬件特性来改进AIS的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Stochastic performance tuning of complex simulation applications using unsupervised machine learning 使用无监督机器学习的复杂模拟应用的随机性能调整
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SSCI.2016.7850200
O. Shadura, F. Carminati
Machine learning for complex multi-objective problems (MOP) can substantially speedup the discovery of solutions belonging to Pareto landscapes and improve Pareto front accuracy. Studying convergence speedup of multi-objective search on well-known benchmarks is an important step in the development of algorithms to optimize complex problems such as High Energy Physics particle transport simulations. In this paper we will describe how we perform this optimization via a tuning based on genetic algorithms and machine learning for MOP. One of the approaches described is based on the introduction of a specific multivariate analysis operator that can be used in case of expensive fitness function evaluations, in order to speed-up the convergence of the “black-box” optimization problem.
复杂多目标问题(MOP)的机器学习可以大大加快发现属于帕累托景观的解决方案,并提高帕累托前精度。研究多目标搜索在知名基准上的收敛加速是开发优化高能物理粒子输运模拟等复杂问题的算法的重要步骤。在本文中,我们将描述如何通过基于遗传算法和机器学习的MOP调优来执行此优化。所描述的方法之一是基于引入一个特定的多变量分析算子,该算子可用于昂贵的适应度函数评估,以加速“黑盒”优化问题的收敛。
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引用次数: 2
Preliminary study: Qualitative indicators in multi-objective DIRECT framework 初步研究:多目标DIRECT框架中的定性指标
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SSCI.2016.7850233
C. Wong, S. Sundaram
DIRECT is known for balancing the exploration and exploitation of a search space. This paper seeks to explore the improvement of diversity among solutions through the use of qualitative indicators in multi-objective DIRECT framework. Three different indicators - Hypervolume (HV), Epsilon (EPS), R2 indicators are used in this study. The three variants of indicators are tested on the Black-box Multi-objective Optimization Benchmarking (BMOB) Platform. The results are presented and some insights in the choice of selection operator are provided. Overall, HV indicator performs the best followed by R2, then EPS. EPS indicator performs worse than HV and R2 in unimodal problems. Also, HV indicator achieves notably better results at high dimensions. R2 performs better than EPS in non-separable problems.
DIRECT以平衡搜索空间的探索和利用而闻名。本文试图通过在多目标DIRECT框架中使用定性指标来探讨解决方案之间多样性的改善。本研究采用了Hypervolume (HV)、Epsilon (EPS)、R2三种不同的指标。在黑盒多目标优化基准测试平台(BMOB)上对三种指标进行了测试。给出了结果,并对选择算子的选择提供了一些见解。总体而言,HV指标表现最好,其次是R2,其次是EPS。EPS指标在单峰问题中的表现不如HV和R2。此外,HV指标在高维上的效果也明显更好。R2在非可分问题上优于EPS。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2016 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)
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