Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2022.2042603
Shin Watanabe, Naoto Mezaki, T. Nakada
Abstract We describe Parietochloris toyamaensis sp. nov. and verify the taxonomic status of P. bilobata (originally described as Neochloris and once combined with Ettlia), using ultrastructural and molecular analyses. P. toyamaensis was isolated from soil collected in Toyama, Japan. It had a parietal chloroplast with pyrenoids that were discontinuously covered with starch segments and penetrated more or less in parallel by thylakoid membranes, and reproduced by forming naked, somewhat dorsoventral, biflagellate zoospores. Two contractile vacuoles were in line lengthwise, located in the median ventral side of the zoospores, as in the type P. alveolaris. The basal apparatus components included a single microtubule in the dexter root. P. toyamaensis was separately resolved from other members of the genus in the 18S rDNA and ITS2 trees. Since the authentic strain ASIB V141 of P. bilobata (stored as Ettlia) has been lost, ASIB V143 was used as a reference in place of it. P. bilobata ASIB V143 was resolved in the ‘Parietochloris sensu stricto’ clade but not ‘Lobosphaera’ clade in the 18S rDNA tree, so taxonomically the combination of N. bilobata with Parietochloris as P. bilobata by Andreyeva was confirmed. In zoospores of the strains of P. bilobata, contractile vacuoles were located in the ventral side, as in P. alveolaris. The taxonomic relationship between P. bilobata and P. grandis, and evaluation of the unique position of contractile vacuoles in dorsoventral zoospores as one of the key characters of Parietochloris were discussed. Highlights Characterization of the species of Parietochloris by using ultrastructural and molecular data. Proposal of Parietochloris toyamaensis sp. nov. Verification of phylogenetic position of Parietochloris bilobata.
{"title":"Ultrastructure and phylogeny of Parietochloris toyamaensis sp. nov. and P. bilobata (Trebouxiophyceae)","authors":"Shin Watanabe, Naoto Mezaki, T. Nakada","doi":"10.1080/09670262.2022.2042603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2022.2042603","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We describe Parietochloris toyamaensis sp. nov. and verify the taxonomic status of P. bilobata (originally described as Neochloris and once combined with Ettlia), using ultrastructural and molecular analyses. P. toyamaensis was isolated from soil collected in Toyama, Japan. It had a parietal chloroplast with pyrenoids that were discontinuously covered with starch segments and penetrated more or less in parallel by thylakoid membranes, and reproduced by forming naked, somewhat dorsoventral, biflagellate zoospores. Two contractile vacuoles were in line lengthwise, located in the median ventral side of the zoospores, as in the type P. alveolaris. The basal apparatus components included a single microtubule in the dexter root. P. toyamaensis was separately resolved from other members of the genus in the 18S rDNA and ITS2 trees. Since the authentic strain ASIB V141 of P. bilobata (stored as Ettlia) has been lost, ASIB V143 was used as a reference in place of it. P. bilobata ASIB V143 was resolved in the ‘Parietochloris sensu stricto’ clade but not ‘Lobosphaera’ clade in the 18S rDNA tree, so taxonomically the combination of N. bilobata with Parietochloris as P. bilobata by Andreyeva was confirmed. In zoospores of the strains of P. bilobata, contractile vacuoles were located in the ventral side, as in P. alveolaris. The taxonomic relationship between P. bilobata and P. grandis, and evaluation of the unique position of contractile vacuoles in dorsoventral zoospores as one of the key characters of Parietochloris were discussed. Highlights Characterization of the species of Parietochloris by using ultrastructural and molecular data. Proposal of Parietochloris toyamaensis sp. nov. Verification of phylogenetic position of Parietochloris bilobata.","PeriodicalId":12032,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Phycology","volume":"58 1","pages":"35 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48696980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2022.2031304
E. Gusev, N. Martynenko, P. Kulizin, M. Kulikovskiy
ABSTRACT Molecular data were used to revise the diversity of the genus Cryptomonas in Russia, using samples collected across nine geographic regions within Russia from 2015–2019. Several molecular markers were used: nuclear SSU, LSU and ITS2 rDNA, and plastid psbA. In total, 24 species of the genus Cryptomonas were identified in the country’s fresh waters based on 122 different strains. Six new species were identified and are described here (Cryptomonas matvienkoae sp. nov., C. furtiva sp. nov., C. paludosa sp. nov., C. ursina sp. nov., C. kisselevii sp. nov. and C. meshchorana sp. nov.), and three taxa are emended (Cryptomonas skujae, C. platyuris and C. obovata). These new and emended species group in clades with the previously described species or represent new lineages on the phylogenetic tree. Seven morphospecies, previously reported in Russia, are confirmed by molecular methods, and two unidentified taxa are also reported. HIGHLIGHTS Molecular investigations of the genus Cryptomonas in Russia revealed 24 species. Descriptions of three species were emended. Six species new to science were described.
{"title":"Molecular diversity of the genus Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae) in Russia","authors":"E. Gusev, N. Martynenko, P. Kulizin, M. Kulikovskiy","doi":"10.1080/09670262.2022.2031304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2022.2031304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Molecular data were used to revise the diversity of the genus Cryptomonas in Russia, using samples collected across nine geographic regions within Russia from 2015–2019. Several molecular markers were used: nuclear SSU, LSU and ITS2 rDNA, and plastid psbA. In total, 24 species of the genus Cryptomonas were identified in the country’s fresh waters based on 122 different strains. Six new species were identified and are described here (Cryptomonas matvienkoae sp. nov., C. furtiva sp. nov., C. paludosa sp. nov., C. ursina sp. nov., C. kisselevii sp. nov. and C. meshchorana sp. nov.), and three taxa are emended (Cryptomonas skujae, C. platyuris and C. obovata). These new and emended species group in clades with the previously described species or represent new lineages on the phylogenetic tree. Seven morphospecies, previously reported in Russia, are confirmed by molecular methods, and two unidentified taxa are also reported. HIGHLIGHTS Molecular investigations of the genus Cryptomonas in Russia revealed 24 species. Descriptions of three species were emended. Six species new to science were described.","PeriodicalId":12032,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Phycology","volume":"57 1","pages":"526 - 550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46637575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2022.2029950
C. Rodríguez-Prieto, Y. Chuang, Showe-Mei Lin
ABSTRACT Among the eight species of Yonagunia described in the Indo-Pacific region, five species have been reported from Taiwan. In this study, we re-examined additional herbarium specimens which were morphologically similar to the other Taiwanese species of Yonagunia. Two new species of Yonagunia (Y. robusta sp. nov. and Y. stipitata sp. nov.) were identified based on rbcL sequence analyses, and their vegetative and reproductive structures were documented in detail. Yonagunia robusta is the largest species (up to 13 cm high) found in Taiwan and superficially resembles a previously described species, Y. palmata from northern Taiwan, but the thallus size is much larger and the branches are coarser in Y. robusta. Young plants of Y. stipitata may be confused with Y. maillardii, a species widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, but the thallus branches are much thinner and numerous reproductive branchlets are formed in clusters in fertile Y. stipitata. Yonagunia robusta is widely distributed from northern to south-eastern Taiwan, whereas Y. stipitata is restricted to Orchid Island, a remote small island off the south-east of Taiwan. The species diversity (seven out of 10 described species) of Yonagunia is high in Taiwan and it is speculated that some more cryptic species will be found from the Indo-Pacific by using a combination of DNA sequence data and morphological observations. HIGHLIGHTS Ten species of Yonagunia have been described from the Indo-Pacific. Seven out of 10 species of Yonagunia are found in Taiwan. Cryptic species of Yonagunia will be found in the Indo-Pacific.
{"title":"Systematic revision of the red algal genus Yonagunia (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from Taiwan, including the description of two new species","authors":"C. Rodríguez-Prieto, Y. Chuang, Showe-Mei Lin","doi":"10.1080/09670262.2022.2029950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2022.2029950","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Among the eight species of Yonagunia described in the Indo-Pacific region, five species have been reported from Taiwan. In this study, we re-examined additional herbarium specimens which were morphologically similar to the other Taiwanese species of Yonagunia. Two new species of Yonagunia (Y. robusta sp. nov. and Y. stipitata sp. nov.) were identified based on rbcL sequence analyses, and their vegetative and reproductive structures were documented in detail. Yonagunia robusta is the largest species (up to 13 cm high) found in Taiwan and superficially resembles a previously described species, Y. palmata from northern Taiwan, but the thallus size is much larger and the branches are coarser in Y. robusta. Young plants of Y. stipitata may be confused with Y. maillardii, a species widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, but the thallus branches are much thinner and numerous reproductive branchlets are formed in clusters in fertile Y. stipitata. Yonagunia robusta is widely distributed from northern to south-eastern Taiwan, whereas Y. stipitata is restricted to Orchid Island, a remote small island off the south-east of Taiwan. The species diversity (seven out of 10 described species) of Yonagunia is high in Taiwan and it is speculated that some more cryptic species will be found from the Indo-Pacific by using a combination of DNA sequence data and morphological observations. HIGHLIGHTS Ten species of Yonagunia have been described from the Indo-Pacific. Seven out of 10 species of Yonagunia are found in Taiwan. Cryptic species of Yonagunia will be found in the Indo-Pacific.","PeriodicalId":12032,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Phycology","volume":"57 1","pages":"479 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48277349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2021.2007543
L. Ladah, J. A. Zertuche‐González
ABSTRACT The Pacific coast of the Baja California peninsula (Mexico) is a unique biogeographic transition zone, where many kelp species encounter their southern subtropical limits and have experienced a range contraction in the northern hemisphere. Using reciprocal transplant experiments with giant kelp populations from their southern limit and a northern temperate site on the Baja California peninsula, we hypothesized that juveniles from the southern site would grow longer, have more fronds (an individual stipe with its blades), and have higher photosynthetic efficiency (α) and blade tissue nitrogen, especially under warmer nitrate-limited field conditions experienced in their habitat. At the southern-limit transplant site, local juveniles had more fronds compared with those from the north after 90 days in field conditions (warm waters). At the northern transplant site, blade tissue nitrogen of juveniles from both populations was low after 23 days in field conditions (not significantly different during a warm water period), however, after a further 56 day cooling period and shortly after a strong upwelling event, juveniles from the southern population had greater blade tissue nitrogen concentrations than those from the north, which showed little change. Respiration and a were both greater at higher temperatures in juveniles from the southern population, and this pattern was maintained under warm water field conditions. These physiological differences in conspecific juveniles from different populations may be driven by population-level adaptation to frequently occurring thermal and nutrient stress in southern Baja California, which is the southern distribution limit for giant kelp. Further exploration of population level differences in ecophysiology should be applied to kelp forest restoration efforts as oceans warm.
{"title":"Local adaptation of juvenile giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, from their southern limit in the northern hemisphere explored using reciprocal transplantation","authors":"L. Ladah, J. A. Zertuche‐González","doi":"10.1080/09670262.2021.2007543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2021.2007543","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Pacific coast of the Baja California peninsula (Mexico) is a unique biogeographic transition zone, where many kelp species encounter their southern subtropical limits and have experienced a range contraction in the northern hemisphere. Using reciprocal transplant experiments with giant kelp populations from their southern limit and a northern temperate site on the Baja California peninsula, we hypothesized that juveniles from the southern site would grow longer, have more fronds (an individual stipe with its blades), and have higher photosynthetic efficiency (α) and blade tissue nitrogen, especially under warmer nitrate-limited field conditions experienced in their habitat. At the southern-limit transplant site, local juveniles had more fronds compared with those from the north after 90 days in field conditions (warm waters). At the northern transplant site, blade tissue nitrogen of juveniles from both populations was low after 23 days in field conditions (not significantly different during a warm water period), however, after a further 56 day cooling period and shortly after a strong upwelling event, juveniles from the southern population had greater blade tissue nitrogen concentrations than those from the north, which showed little change. Respiration and a were both greater at higher temperatures in juveniles from the southern population, and this pattern was maintained under warm water field conditions. These physiological differences in conspecific juveniles from different populations may be driven by population-level adaptation to frequently occurring thermal and nutrient stress in southern Baja California, which is the southern distribution limit for giant kelp. Further exploration of population level differences in ecophysiology should be applied to kelp forest restoration efforts as oceans warm.","PeriodicalId":12032,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Phycology","volume":"57 1","pages":"357 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46029353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2022.2029949
D. Grzebyk, V. Pasqualini, M. Garrido, Y. Quilichini, Clément Pereto, P. Cecchi
ABSTRACT Among the marine planktonic diatoms, Chaetoceros is among the most species-rich genera, and many Chaetoceros species are considered important primary producers. However, little is known about the ecology and distribution of the few small solitary species within this genus, including Chaetoceros tenuissimus. This article describes a minute Chaetoceros strain, identified as C. tenuissimus (named CT16ED) that was isolated at a coastal lagoon in Corsica Island, Western Mediterranean. The strain was characterized by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with a specific focus on the fine structure and construction of setae and its behaviour in culture. The CT16ED strain was compared with other strains we isolated from the species type locality (Ostend Harbour, North Sea) by sequencing a fragment of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) spanning from the 18S rDNA to the D3 region of the 28S rDNA, and the plastid rbcL gene that codes the large RuBisCO subunit. Based on the literature and the available sequence data, the analysed strains were similar to C. tenuissimus but the phylogenetic analysis indicated a C. tenuissimus species complex that contained several clades, therefore the current taxonomic status of C. tenuissimus is discussed. The comparison with the available rDNA and rbcL sequencing data of strains assigned to species considered as synonyms of C. tenuissimus, including Chaetoceros simplex var. calcitrans, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus, suggested that these taxa are paraphyletic within the genus Chaetoceros.
{"title":"Insight into the morphology and genetic diversity of the Chaetoceros tenuissimus (Bacillariophyta) species complex","authors":"D. Grzebyk, V. Pasqualini, M. Garrido, Y. Quilichini, Clément Pereto, P. Cecchi","doi":"10.1080/09670262.2022.2029949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2022.2029949","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Among the marine planktonic diatoms, Chaetoceros is among the most species-rich genera, and many Chaetoceros species are considered important primary producers. However, little is known about the ecology and distribution of the few small solitary species within this genus, including Chaetoceros tenuissimus. This article describes a minute Chaetoceros strain, identified as C. tenuissimus (named CT16ED) that was isolated at a coastal lagoon in Corsica Island, Western Mediterranean. The strain was characterized by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with a specific focus on the fine structure and construction of setae and its behaviour in culture. The CT16ED strain was compared with other strains we isolated from the species type locality (Ostend Harbour, North Sea) by sequencing a fragment of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) spanning from the 18S rDNA to the D3 region of the 28S rDNA, and the plastid rbcL gene that codes the large RuBisCO subunit. Based on the literature and the available sequence data, the analysed strains were similar to C. tenuissimus but the phylogenetic analysis indicated a C. tenuissimus species complex that contained several clades, therefore the current taxonomic status of C. tenuissimus is discussed. The comparison with the available rDNA and rbcL sequencing data of strains assigned to species considered as synonyms of C. tenuissimus, including Chaetoceros simplex var. calcitrans, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus, suggested that these taxa are paraphyletic within the genus Chaetoceros.","PeriodicalId":12032,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Phycology","volume":"57 1","pages":"507 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49008325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2022.2029948
Biaobiao Niu, Yaqiong Guo, N. Lundholm, Yang Li
ABSTRACT Thalassiosira and related taxa i.e. the taxa within Thalassiosirales are among the most abundant and widespread diatoms. The vast majority have one marginal rimoportula, but very few always have two. The knowledge on Thalassiosiroid taxa in Chinese waters is restricted, and to explore the diversity, monoclonal strains were established from southern Chinese coastal waters. Morphological data were based on light and scanning electron microscopy. The D1‒D3 region of the ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and the small subunit (SSU) encoding genes were amplified to address phylogenetic relationships. Based on a combination of morphological characters and molecular analyses, two new species with two marginal rimoportulae were described, Planktoniella pulchra sp. nov. and Thalassiosira tridens sp. nov. Planktoniella pulchra is furthermore characterized by one regular ring of marginal fultoportulae between the valve face and the mantle, as well as dense ribs on the mantle. A narrow circular extension of mucilaginous material surrounds the girdle. In phylogenetic analyses, it clustered within the Planktoniella group. Thalassiosira tridens is unique in having a pronounced external tube of the central fultoportula, as well as long external tubes of the two marginal rimoportulae. Two irregular rings formed by the marginal fultoportulae are present on the mantle, and their external extensions are either open tubes or closed spines. In the SSU and LSU phylogenetic analyses, both taxa constituted their own monophyletic lineage and were well differentiated from allied species. Thalassiosiroid taxa with two marginal rimoportulae were phylogenetically closely related, but did not make up a monophyletic lineage.
{"title":"Morphology and phylogeny of two new Thalassiosiroid taxa (Bacillariophyceae), with two marginal rimoportulae","authors":"Biaobiao Niu, Yaqiong Guo, N. Lundholm, Yang Li","doi":"10.1080/09670262.2022.2029948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2022.2029948","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Thalassiosira and related taxa i.e. the taxa within Thalassiosirales are among the most abundant and widespread diatoms. The vast majority have one marginal rimoportula, but very few always have two. The knowledge on Thalassiosiroid taxa in Chinese waters is restricted, and to explore the diversity, monoclonal strains were established from southern Chinese coastal waters. Morphological data were based on light and scanning electron microscopy. The D1‒D3 region of the ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and the small subunit (SSU) encoding genes were amplified to address phylogenetic relationships. Based on a combination of morphological characters and molecular analyses, two new species with two marginal rimoportulae were described, Planktoniella pulchra sp. nov. and Thalassiosira tridens sp. nov. Planktoniella pulchra is furthermore characterized by one regular ring of marginal fultoportulae between the valve face and the mantle, as well as dense ribs on the mantle. A narrow circular extension of mucilaginous material surrounds the girdle. In phylogenetic analyses, it clustered within the Planktoniella group. Thalassiosira tridens is unique in having a pronounced external tube of the central fultoportula, as well as long external tubes of the two marginal rimoportulae. Two irregular rings formed by the marginal fultoportulae are present on the mantle, and their external extensions are either open tubes or closed spines. In the SSU and LSU phylogenetic analyses, both taxa constituted their own monophyletic lineage and were well differentiated from allied species. Thalassiosiroid taxa with two marginal rimoportulae were phylogenetically closely related, but did not make up a monophyletic lineage.","PeriodicalId":12032,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Phycology","volume":"57 1","pages":"493 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41984241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2021.2002950
Juliane Kretschmann, Anže Žerdoner Čalasan, Johanna Knechtel, P. M. Owsianny, E. Facher, M. Gottschling
ABSTRACT Character evolution in calcareous dinophytes and their relatives is poorly understood at present, particularly regarding the transformations of the epitheca. The precise taxonomic identity of Chimonodinium lomnickii var. (≡ Peridinium) wierzejskii is unclear, but two different arrangements of the epithecal plate pattern have been reported. We studied dinophyte material collected across Central Europe, including the type localities of Peridinium wierzejskii (Polish Tatra) and Peridinium lomnickii var. punctulatum (Berlin), and investigated the morphology of eight monoclonal strains in detail. We further obtained rRNA sequences of the strains, including 27 new GenBank entries, for a molecular phylogenetic study using a representative taxon sample of the Thoracosphaeroideae. Five ITS ribotypes could be distinguished in Chimonodinium, but neither the distribution nor morphological differentiation seems to correlate with these ribotypes. An evolutionary transformation of the epitheca is inferred from the phylogenetic tree, with the predominant plate pattern found in C. lomnickii var. wierzejskii exemplifying the derived character state. However, the rare epithecal plate pattern of C. lomnickii var. wierzejskii represents the ancestral character state today found in, for example, Peridinium and Scrippsiella. This is an indication of an atavism, of which only very few cases are known from the microbial domain. The name Peridinium wierzejskii is taxonomically clarified by epitypification. HIGHLIGHTS • Rare documentation of atavism in the microbial domain• Deep morphology of strain established from type locality• Molecular phylogenetics inferred from concatenated rRNA sequence data
{"title":"Evolution of Thoracosphaeroideae (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) and a case of atavism in taxonomically clarified Chimonodinium lomnickii var. wierzejskii from the Polish Tatra Mountains","authors":"Juliane Kretschmann, Anže Žerdoner Čalasan, Johanna Knechtel, P. M. Owsianny, E. Facher, M. Gottschling","doi":"10.1080/09670262.2021.2002950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2021.2002950","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Character evolution in calcareous dinophytes and their relatives is poorly understood at present, particularly regarding the transformations of the epitheca. The precise taxonomic identity of Chimonodinium lomnickii var. (≡ Peridinium) wierzejskii is unclear, but two different arrangements of the epithecal plate pattern have been reported. We studied dinophyte material collected across Central Europe, including the type localities of Peridinium wierzejskii (Polish Tatra) and Peridinium lomnickii var. punctulatum (Berlin), and investigated the morphology of eight monoclonal strains in detail. We further obtained rRNA sequences of the strains, including 27 new GenBank entries, for a molecular phylogenetic study using a representative taxon sample of the Thoracosphaeroideae. Five ITS ribotypes could be distinguished in Chimonodinium, but neither the distribution nor morphological differentiation seems to correlate with these ribotypes. An evolutionary transformation of the epitheca is inferred from the phylogenetic tree, with the predominant plate pattern found in C. lomnickii var. wierzejskii exemplifying the derived character state. However, the rare epithecal plate pattern of C. lomnickii var. wierzejskii represents the ancestral character state today found in, for example, Peridinium and Scrippsiella. This is an indication of an atavism, of which only very few cases are known from the microbial domain. The name Peridinium wierzejskii is taxonomically clarified by epitypification. HIGHLIGHTS • Rare documentation of atavism in the microbial domain• Deep morphology of strain established from type locality• Molecular phylogenetics inferred from concatenated rRNA sequence data","PeriodicalId":12032,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Phycology","volume":"57 1","pages":"406 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46105077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2022.2027023
Laura Lagourgue, S. Gobin, Maële Brisset, Simon Vandenberghe, C. Bonneville, Thierry Jauffrais, Sylvette Van Wynsberge, C. Payri
ABSTRACT Ulva is a green macroalgal genus with rich species diversity and worldwide distribution. While current knowledge on Ulva diversity focuses on temperate regions, genetic and morphological data in tropical and subtropical areas are scarce and the species richness is not clearly defined. The genus is known for its bloom-forming ability that can induce green tides leading to severe environmental and economic damage. In the last two decades, several important blooms of Ulva spp. have occurred in New Caledonia, requiring further investigations to identify the species involved. As knowledge of New Caledonian Ulva diversity is limited, an update to the Ulva spp. inventory in the area is essential. Based on Ulva specimens collected throughout New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Isle of Pines and Loyalty Islands), we (1) reassessed species diversity using species delimitation methods, (2) analysed morpho-anatomical characters to identify species and/or enrich their diagnosis, and (3) reconstructed a multilocus phylogeny (ITS, rbcL, tufA) of the genus. We found 21 secondary species hypotheses (SSHs) among our dataset, from which five were successfully assigned to U. lactuca, U. ohnoi, U. tepida, U. meridionalis and U. taeniata. Ten SSHs were defined as new species for which we provided taxonomic description, and six other SSHs were singletons that will need to be data-enriched for better interpretation. Our concatenated multilocus matrix included 61 Ulva species. Of these, 15 species were found in New Caledonia and were moderately to strongly supported. Among the Ulva species found in New Caledonia, seven are known to be bloom-forming which highlights the need for strict regulation and regular monitoring of water quality, particularly in areas exposed to strong nutrient input where these species can form green tides. Highlights Ulva diversity in New Caledonia was reassessed with 15 species highlighted. Ten new species have been discovered in New Caledonia. Indigenous species caused recent green tides in New Caledonia.
{"title":"Ten new species of Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) discovered in New Caledonia: genetic and morphological diversity, and bloom potential","authors":"Laura Lagourgue, S. Gobin, Maële Brisset, Simon Vandenberghe, C. Bonneville, Thierry Jauffrais, Sylvette Van Wynsberge, C. Payri","doi":"10.1080/09670262.2022.2027023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2022.2027023","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ulva is a green macroalgal genus with rich species diversity and worldwide distribution. While current knowledge on Ulva diversity focuses on temperate regions, genetic and morphological data in tropical and subtropical areas are scarce and the species richness is not clearly defined. The genus is known for its bloom-forming ability that can induce green tides leading to severe environmental and economic damage. In the last two decades, several important blooms of Ulva spp. have occurred in New Caledonia, requiring further investigations to identify the species involved. As knowledge of New Caledonian Ulva diversity is limited, an update to the Ulva spp. inventory in the area is essential. Based on Ulva specimens collected throughout New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Isle of Pines and Loyalty Islands), we (1) reassessed species diversity using species delimitation methods, (2) analysed morpho-anatomical characters to identify species and/or enrich their diagnosis, and (3) reconstructed a multilocus phylogeny (ITS, rbcL, tufA) of the genus. We found 21 secondary species hypotheses (SSHs) among our dataset, from which five were successfully assigned to U. lactuca, U. ohnoi, U. tepida, U. meridionalis and U. taeniata. Ten SSHs were defined as new species for which we provided taxonomic description, and six other SSHs were singletons that will need to be data-enriched for better interpretation. Our concatenated multilocus matrix included 61 Ulva species. Of these, 15 species were found in New Caledonia and were moderately to strongly supported. Among the Ulva species found in New Caledonia, seven are known to be bloom-forming which highlights the need for strict regulation and regular monitoring of water quality, particularly in areas exposed to strong nutrient input where these species can form green tides. Highlights Ulva diversity in New Caledonia was reassessed with 15 species highlighted. Ten new species have been discovered in New Caledonia. Indigenous species caused recent green tides in New Caledonia.","PeriodicalId":12032,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Phycology","volume":"57 1","pages":"458 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47191818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2021.2016985
V. Ryabushko, E. Gureeva, S. Kapranov, N. I. Bobko, A. Prazukin, M. V. Nekhoroshev
Abstract Rare earth metals are widely used in various technologies, and their environmental impact needs to be assessed. Brown algae are recognized bioindicators of xenobiotic pollution in coastal marine areas, so we studied the rare earth element contents in short-lived branchlets of the two most abundant species of Cystoseira (C. barbata and C. crinita) on Black Sea coasts. The abundance of rare earth elements including scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La) and 14 lanthanides in the algae, seawater and sediments were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The average contents of the prevalent elements in the algae decreased in the following order: Sc ≥ La > Europium (Eu) > Y > Neodymium (Nd) > Cerium (Ce). The factors affecting rare earth element content were age > locality > species of the alga. Most of the rare earth metals reached their maximum levels in branchlets > 5 month old, presumably associated with biosorption processes, whereas others (Eu, Terbium (Tb), Lutetium (Lu)) were most concentrated in 2–5 month old branchlets. In contrast to existing reports on the possible use of brown seaweeds for monitoring rare earth elements in coastal waters, the suitability of Cystoseira spp. branchlets, which have a 7 month life cycle, for short-term rare earth contamination monitoring was not confirmed in this study. Highlights Cystoseira spp. branchlets accumulate many rare earth elements with age. The dominant elements in Cystoseira spp. are Sc ≥ La> Eu > Y > Nd > Ce. The most significant factors affecting rare earth element content are age > locality > species.
稀土金属广泛应用于各种技术中，其环境影响需要进行评估。褐藻是沿海海域公认的外源污染的生物指标，因此我们研究了黑海沿岸最丰富的两种囊藻(C. barbata和C. crinita)短寿命小枝中的稀土元素含量。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了藻类、海水和沉积物中钪(Sc)、钇(Y)、镧(La)和14种镧系元素的丰度。藻类中主要元素的平均含量依次为:Sc≥La > Europium (Eu) > Y >钕(Nd) >铈(Ce)。影响稀土元素含量的因素有年龄、地点、藻类种类等。大多数稀土金属在5 ~ 5月龄的小枝中含量最高，可能与生物吸附过程有关，而其他稀土金属(Eu、Terbium (Tb)、Lutetium (Lu))在2 ~ 5月龄的小枝中含量最高。与已有的褐藻可能用于监测沿海水域稀土元素的报道不同，本研究未证实生命周期为7个月的Cystoseira spp.小枝是否适合用于短期稀土污染监测。随着年龄的增长，Cystoseira sp .的小枝会积累大量的稀土元素。Cystoseira的优势元素为Sc≥La b> Eu b> Y b> Nd b> Ce。影响稀土元素含量最显著的因素是年龄>、地点>、种类>。
{"title":"Rare earth elements in brown algae of the genus Cystoseira (Phaeophyceae) (Black Sea)","authors":"V. Ryabushko, E. Gureeva, S. Kapranov, N. I. Bobko, A. Prazukin, M. V. Nekhoroshev","doi":"10.1080/09670262.2021.2016985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2021.2016985","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rare earth metals are widely used in various technologies, and their environmental impact needs to be assessed. Brown algae are recognized bioindicators of xenobiotic pollution in coastal marine areas, so we studied the rare earth element contents in short-lived branchlets of the two most abundant species of Cystoseira (C. barbata and C. crinita) on Black Sea coasts. The abundance of rare earth elements including scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La) and 14 lanthanides in the algae, seawater and sediments were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The average contents of the prevalent elements in the algae decreased in the following order: Sc ≥ La > Europium (Eu) > Y > Neodymium (Nd) > Cerium (Ce). The factors affecting rare earth element content were age > locality > species of the alga. Most of the rare earth metals reached their maximum levels in branchlets > 5 month old, presumably associated with biosorption processes, whereas others (Eu, Terbium (Tb), Lutetium (Lu)) were most concentrated in 2–5 month old branchlets. In contrast to existing reports on the possible use of brown seaweeds for monitoring rare earth elements in coastal waters, the suitability of Cystoseira spp. branchlets, which have a 7 month life cycle, for short-term rare earth contamination monitoring was not confirmed in this study. Highlights Cystoseira spp. branchlets accumulate many rare earth elements with age. The dominant elements in Cystoseira spp. are Sc ≥ La> Eu > Y > Nd > Ce. The most significant factors affecting rare earth element content are age > locality > species.","PeriodicalId":12032,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Phycology","volume":"57 1","pages":"433 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59529217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-19DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2021.2014983
Cláudio F. Silva, G. Pearson, E. Serrão, I. Bartsch, N. Martins
ABSTRACT Kelp forests are important habitats in the strongly environmentally and seasonally variable Arctic. There is a critical lack of knowledge about how seasonal conditions and climate change scenarios influence survival and reproduction of kelp early life stages. To better understand the regulation of kelp life cycle processes in this harsh environment we focused on the physiological performance and reproductive success of early life stages in Alaria esculenta and Laminaria digitata from Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen. Gametophyte growth and survival during Arctic winter and subsequent sporophyte recruitment under spring conditions were investigated. Winter conditions (2°C, complete darkness) halted gametophyte growth and prevented the onset of gametogenesis in both species. The gametophytes of L. digitata but not A. esculenta became fertile after returning to spring conditions, suggesting that sporogenesis, sexual reproduction and recruitment in A. esculenta must occur successively during summer/autumn while in L. digitata a new generation of sporophytes could develop from over-wintering gametophytes. The effects of simulated canopy shading (offering protection against extreme irradiance stress, particularly as sea ice retreats), present-day and projected Arctic summer seawater temperatures, and nutrient levels on gametophyte survival, fertility and sporophyte recruitment success were also investigated in both species. A. esculenta gametophytes had greater survival and reproductive success than L. digitata, except under very low light (simulating dense canopy). In contrast, shading was required for reproductive success in L. digitata gametophytes. Predicted summer temperatures of 9°C reduced sexual reproduction in both species. Interactions observed between these environmental drivers probably reflect species-specific seasonal patterns of survival and reproduction. These differences between kelp species in response to abiotic factors and light levels (simulated canopy shading) suggest that climate change could alter community structure in the Arctic through effects on sexual reproduction and sporophyte recruitment success. HIGHLIGHTS• Gametophytes were able to endure long periods of darkness.• Parental kelp canopy is key for gametophyte survival and recruitment.• Climate change may alter kelp recruitment patterns.
{"title":"Microscopic life stages of Arctic kelp differ in their resilience and reproductive output in response to Arctic seasonality","authors":"Cláudio F. Silva, G. Pearson, E. Serrão, I. Bartsch, N. Martins","doi":"10.1080/09670262.2021.2014983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2021.2014983","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Kelp forests are important habitats in the strongly environmentally and seasonally variable Arctic. There is a critical lack of knowledge about how seasonal conditions and climate change scenarios influence survival and reproduction of kelp early life stages. To better understand the regulation of kelp life cycle processes in this harsh environment we focused on the physiological performance and reproductive success of early life stages in Alaria esculenta and Laminaria digitata from Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen. Gametophyte growth and survival during Arctic winter and subsequent sporophyte recruitment under spring conditions were investigated. Winter conditions (2°C, complete darkness) halted gametophyte growth and prevented the onset of gametogenesis in both species. The gametophytes of L. digitata but not A. esculenta became fertile after returning to spring conditions, suggesting that sporogenesis, sexual reproduction and recruitment in A. esculenta must occur successively during summer/autumn while in L. digitata a new generation of sporophytes could develop from over-wintering gametophytes. The effects of simulated canopy shading (offering protection against extreme irradiance stress, particularly as sea ice retreats), present-day and projected Arctic summer seawater temperatures, and nutrient levels on gametophyte survival, fertility and sporophyte recruitment success were also investigated in both species. A. esculenta gametophytes had greater survival and reproductive success than L. digitata, except under very low light (simulating dense canopy). In contrast, shading was required for reproductive success in L. digitata gametophytes. Predicted summer temperatures of 9°C reduced sexual reproduction in both species. Interactions observed between these environmental drivers probably reflect species-specific seasonal patterns of survival and reproduction. These differences between kelp species in response to abiotic factors and light levels (simulated canopy shading) suggest that climate change could alter community structure in the Arctic through effects on sexual reproduction and sporophyte recruitment success. HIGHLIGHTS• Gametophytes were able to endure long periods of darkness.• Parental kelp canopy is key for gametophyte survival and recruitment.• Climate change may alter kelp recruitment patterns.","PeriodicalId":12032,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Phycology","volume":"57 1","pages":"381 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41877511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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