Two crosses viz., K 1006 x LOK 1 and PBW 343 x HUW 234 derived from four diverse parents were examined during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU in order to identify and assess the robust transgressive segregants (TS) in the segregating F2 and F3 population for yield/plant and its contributing traits respectively. Findings reveal that individuals transgressed beyond the parents in both the crosses for grain yield/plant (9 to 9.52 %). The maximum frequency of TS are found for AL (74.29%) in the PBW 343 x HUW 234 and it was higher for 1000 grain weight (72%) in the K 1006 x LOK 1 cross. The highest number of simultaneous TS for grain yield/plant was found in the F2 for the PBW 343 x HUW 234 (89.5%) followed by K 1006 x LOK 1 (79.0%). The frequency of simultaneous transgression for grain yield coupled with SLPS, GPS, 1000 GW in K 1006 x LOK 1 cross along with NET and AL in PBW 343 x HUW 234 cross was found very frequently. Hence, it is presumed that either grain yield is dependent on these traits or there may be linkage drag among the genes for such traits so that responsible gene(s) could be inherited together. The most promising TS tagged in F2’s were plant No. 36 in the K 1006 x LOK 1 and plant No. 30, 68 and 100 in the other cross. Based on high frequency of TS, it is inferred that transgressive breeding could be used as an excellent tool to improve the crop yield and other desirable traits by recovering the transgressive segregants.
2018-19年和2019-20年Rabi期间，在BHU农业科学研究所农业研究农场研究了两个杂交种，即K 1006 x LOK 1和PBW 343 x HUW 234，这两个杂交种来自四个不同的亲本，目的是在分离F2和F3群体中分别鉴定和评估产量/株及其贡献性状的强健转基因分离株（TS）。研究结果表明，在谷物产量/株方面，两个杂交群体中的转基因个体都超过了亲本（9% 到 9.52%）。在 PBW 343 x HUW 234 杂交中，AL 的 TS 频率最高（74.29%），在 K 1006 x LOK 1 杂交中，1000 粒重的 TS 频率较高（72%）。在 PBW 343 x HUW 234（89.5%）的 F2 中，谷粒产量/株的同期 TS 数量最多，其次是 K 1006 x LOK 1（79.0%）。在 K 1006 x LOK 1 杂交品种中，谷粒产量与 SLPS、GPS 和 1000 GW 同时发生转基因的频率很高，在 PBW 343 x HUW 234 杂交品种中，谷粒产量与 NET 和 AL 同时发生转基因的频率也很高。因此，可以推测谷物产量依赖于这些性状，或者这些性状的基因之间可能存在连锁阻力，从而使责任基因一起遗传。F2 中最有希望出现 TS 标记的是 K 1006 x LOK 1 中的 36 号植株和另一个杂交品种中的 30 号、68 号和 100 号植株。基于高频率的 TS，可以推断转基因育种是通过恢复转基因分离株来提高作物产量和其他理想性状的绝佳工具。
{"title":"Identification and genetic assessment of transgressive segregants for yield and its contributing traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Parul Gupta, Ravindra Prasad, Mohit Sharma","doi":"10.36953/ecj.18492551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.18492551","url":null,"abstract":"Two crosses viz., K 1006 x LOK 1 and PBW 343 x HUW 234 derived from four diverse parents were examined during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU in order to identify and assess the robust transgressive segregants (TS) in the segregating F2 and F3 population for yield/plant and its contributing traits respectively. Findings reveal that individuals transgressed beyond the parents in both the crosses for grain yield/plant (9 to 9.52 %). The maximum frequency of TS are found for AL (74.29%) in the PBW 343 x HUW 234 and it was higher for 1000 grain weight (72%) in the K 1006 x LOK 1 cross. The highest number of simultaneous TS for grain yield/plant was found in the F2 for the PBW 343 x HUW 234 (89.5%) followed by K 1006 x LOK 1 (79.0%). The frequency of simultaneous transgression for grain yield coupled with SLPS, GPS, 1000 GW in K 1006 x LOK 1 cross along with NET and AL in PBW 343 x HUW 234 cross was found very frequently. Hence, it is presumed that either grain yield is dependent on these traits or there may be linkage drag among the genes for such traits so that responsible gene(s) could be inherited together. The most promising TS tagged in F2’s were plant No. 36 in the K 1006 x LOK 1 and plant No. 30, 68 and 100 in the other cross. Based on high frequency of TS, it is inferred that transgressive breeding could be used as an excellent tool to improve the crop yield and other desirable traits by recovering the transgressive segregants.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fifty-six desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) advance breeding lines were evaluated in order to explore the possibility of genetic divergence for yield and its contributing traits using Mahalanobis’s D2 Statistics and Principal Component Analysis. High estimates of heritability, genetic advance, GCV and PCV were recorded for seed yield per plant (92.2%, 12.4%, 37.1% and 38.7%), biological yield per plant (88.1%, 21.9%, 29.1% and 31.0%) and harvest index (87.3%, 25.0%, 22.7% and 24.3%). All the test genotypes were sort into five discrete clusters. Biological yield/plant (23.5%), days to maturity (17.3%), harvest index (14.6%), seed yield/plant (11.3%), total number of pods/plant (7.4%) and 100 seed weight (6.49%) were found to have highest percentage contributions to genetic diversity in the present research. The first six principal components (PC1 19.7%, PC 16.2%, PC3 11.2%, PC4 9.69%, PC5 7.2% and PC6 6.69%) could explain 70.68% of the total of the interaction variation and have Eigen value more than one. Genotypes JG 2016-1411, JG 2016-9605, JG 2017-46, ICCV 16105, ICCV 16109, ICCV 16112 and ICCV 16116 were present in more than one PCs hence contributed maximum towards yield and can be used in various breeding programmes for yield improvement.
{"title":"Elucidating genetic diversity and variability in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) using yield attribution traits","authors":"A. Babbar, Monica Jyoti Kujur, Prachi Sharma, Balkishan Chaudhary, Monika Patel, Archana Shakya","doi":"10.36953/ecj.22362578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.22362578","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty-six desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) advance breeding lines were evaluated in order to explore the possibility of genetic divergence for yield and its contributing traits using Mahalanobis’s D2 Statistics and Principal Component Analysis. High estimates of heritability, genetic advance, GCV and PCV were recorded for seed yield per plant (92.2%, 12.4%, 37.1% and 38.7%), biological yield per plant (88.1%, 21.9%, 29.1% and 31.0%) and harvest index (87.3%, 25.0%, 22.7% and 24.3%). All the test genotypes were sort into five discrete clusters. Biological yield/plant (23.5%), days to maturity (17.3%), harvest index (14.6%), seed yield/plant (11.3%), total number of pods/plant (7.4%) and 100 seed weight (6.49%) were found to have highest percentage contributions to genetic diversity in the present research. The first six principal components (PC1 19.7%, PC 16.2%, PC3 11.2%, PC4 9.69%, PC5 7.2% and PC6 6.69%) could explain 70.68% of the total of the interaction variation and have Eigen value more than one. Genotypes JG 2016-1411, JG 2016-9605, JG 2017-46, ICCV 16105, ICCV 16109, ICCV 16112 and ICCV 16116 were present in more than one PCs hence contributed maximum towards yield and can be used in various breeding programmes for yield improvement.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Upadhyay, P.K. Singh, M. Kothari, S. Bhakar, K. Yadav
This research paper presents an analysis of temperature variables over the West Banas basin in order to detect the presence of underlying trends employing historical temperature data for three points viz., Abu Road, Mount Abu and Pindwara obtained for a period of 40 years (1981 – 2020) from MERRA-2 database. The study aims to investigate the long-term changes in temperature trends and identify any significant patterns or anomalies in mean, maximum and minimum temperatures at monthly, seasonal and annual timescales at the three locations amounting to a total of 162 series. The trends were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall test, a popular and powerful statistical technique formulated for analysing abnormal distributions. Prior to the application of the trend test, autocorrelated time series were identified and the trend test was modified using a variance correction approach to incorporate the influence of autocorrelations upon the resultant trends. The findings of autocorrelation analysis revealed that 11 of the 162 series were autocorrelated, a majority of which were associated with the temperature series at Abu Road. The results of the trend test showed that 27 out of the 162 series possessed significant trends with the mean and maximum monsoon temperatures in most of the series exhibiting a reducing trend while the minimum temperature appeared to be rising. Overall, the research highlights the importance of monitoring temperature trends, particularly in regions that may be more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The findings of this study can inform future climate adaptation strategies and support decision-making processes aimed at mitigating the effects of global warming on the natural and built environment.
{"title":"Investigation of trends in basin-scale temperature variables","authors":"H. Upadhyay, P.K. Singh, M. Kothari, S. Bhakar, K. Yadav","doi":"10.36953/ecj.23232600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.23232600","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper presents an analysis of temperature variables over the West Banas basin in order to detect the presence of underlying trends employing historical temperature data for three points viz., Abu Road, Mount Abu and Pindwara obtained for a period of 40 years (1981 – 2020) from MERRA-2 database. The study aims to investigate the long-term changes in temperature trends and identify any significant patterns or anomalies in mean, maximum and minimum temperatures at monthly, seasonal and annual timescales at the three locations amounting to a total of 162 series. The trends were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall test, a popular and powerful statistical technique formulated for analysing abnormal distributions. Prior to the application of the trend test, autocorrelated time series were identified and the trend test was modified using a variance correction approach to incorporate the influence of autocorrelations upon the resultant trends. The findings of autocorrelation analysis revealed that 11 of the 162 series were autocorrelated, a majority of which were associated with the temperature series at Abu Road. The results of the trend test showed that 27 out of the 162 series possessed significant trends with the mean and maximum monsoon temperatures in most of the series exhibiting a reducing trend while the minimum temperature appeared to be rising. Overall, the research highlights the importance of monitoring temperature trends, particularly in regions that may be more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The findings of this study can inform future climate adaptation strategies and support decision-making processes aimed at mitigating the effects of global warming on the natural and built environment.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tirunima Patle, Sanjay K. Sharma, S.K. Trivedi, Avinash Singh Tomar
Soil salinity is an important abiotic constraint that affects soil quality and crop productivity and has a direct impact on crop yields. Ensuring the sustainable use of saline soils while maintaining environmental integrity is of utmost importance. To achieve this, it is essential to explore and implement methods that can enhance productivity without causing harm to the ecosystem. In the current study, the effect of biochar, Simultaneous inoculation of biomes (Trichoderma harzanium and Pseudomonas fluorescence) and gypsum on soil properties and growth parameters of chickpea was investigated. Of all treatments, the combination of 75 percent GR + biochar@20t/ha and biome @2kg/ha had the greatest effect on lowering pH (9.32 to 7.61), EC (3.65 to 1.6 dSm-1) and SAR (24.22 to 5.9 Cmolc (+) kg-1). As a result, there was a notable improvement in the length of chickpea shoots and roots as well as the overall production of dry matter.
{"title":"Synthesis and application of biochar in conjunction with various amendments to improve salt-affected soil and crop productivity","authors":"Tirunima Patle, Sanjay K. Sharma, S.K. Trivedi, Avinash Singh Tomar","doi":"10.36953/ecj.22862589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.22862589","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity is an important abiotic constraint that affects soil quality and crop productivity and has a direct impact on crop yields. Ensuring the sustainable use of saline soils while maintaining environmental integrity is of utmost importance. To achieve this, it is essential to explore and implement methods that can enhance productivity without causing harm to the ecosystem. In the current study, the effect of biochar, Simultaneous inoculation of biomes (Trichoderma harzanium and Pseudomonas fluorescence) and gypsum on soil properties and growth parameters of chickpea was investigated. Of all treatments, the combination of 75 percent GR + biochar@20t/ha and biome @2kg/ha had the greatest effect on lowering pH (9.32 to 7.61), EC (3.65 to 1.6 dSm-1) and SAR (24.22 to 5.9 Cmolc (+) kg-1). As a result, there was a notable improvement in the length of chickpea shoots and roots as well as the overall production of dry matter.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was conducted to assess the impactofZn and B application on sunflower growth, yield and oil content in sub-tropical condition. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with twelve treatmentsand replicated thrice. The treatments comprised viz; T1: Without fertilizers (absolute control), T2: RDF (N80P40K40), T3: N80P40K40Zn0.5%, T4: N80P40K40Zn4, T5: N80P40K40B0.2%, T6: N80P40K40B2, T7:N80P40K40Zn0.5%B0.2%,T8: N80P40K40Zn4B2, T9:N80P40K40Zn4Zn0.5%, T10: N80P40K40Zn4B0.2%, T11: N80P40K40B2B0.2%, T12: N80P40K40B2Zn0.5%.From the experimental results recorded it can be concluded that the growth and yield components of the tested crop were significantly influenced by the application of micronutrients as compared to the control (without fertilizer) and recommended dose of fertilizer alone. Among the treatmentsapplication of N80P40K40Zn4B2foundhigher diameter of capitulum (17.72 cm), number of seeds per capitulum (763), seed weight per capitulum(48.98 g), seed yield (2563 kg/ha) and oil yield (1097 kg/ha) of hybrid sunflower (variety KBSH 78) accounting 35.49%,43.25%, 26.66%, 46.50% and 51.32% more than control.
{"title":"Nutritional effect of zinc and boron on growth, yield and oil content of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)","authors":"Champak Kumar Kundu, Naorem Meena Devi, Lalatendu Nayak, Hirak Banerjee, Soumyajyoti Das, Tripti Nandi, Shantanu Jha","doi":"10.36953/ecj.17352542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.17352542","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted to assess the impactofZn and B application on sunflower growth, yield and oil content in sub-tropical condition. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with twelve treatmentsand replicated thrice. The treatments comprised viz; T1: Without fertilizers (absolute control), T2: RDF (N80P40K40), T3: N80P40K40Zn0.5%, T4: N80P40K40Zn4, T5: N80P40K40B0.2%, T6: N80P40K40B2, T7:N80P40K40Zn0.5%B0.2%,T8: N80P40K40Zn4B2, T9:N80P40K40Zn4Zn0.5%, T10: N80P40K40Zn4B0.2%, T11: N80P40K40B2B0.2%, T12: N80P40K40B2Zn0.5%.From the experimental results recorded it can be concluded that the growth and yield components of the tested crop were significantly influenced by the application of micronutrients as compared to the control (without fertilizer) and recommended dose of fertilizer alone. Among the treatmentsapplication of N80P40K40Zn4B2foundhigher diameter of capitulum (17.72 cm), number of seeds per capitulum (763), seed weight per capitulum(48.98 g), seed yield (2563 kg/ha) and oil yield (1097 kg/ha) of hybrid sunflower (variety KBSH 78) accounting 35.49%,43.25%, 26.66%, 46.50% and 51.32% more than control.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136064250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the medically important opportunistic fungal pathogen for humans is Candida glabrata that causes various types of candidiasis. Its environmental adaptations and antimicrobial resistance is now a great concern for public health. In the present study, the green tea phytocompounds; EGCg, Chlorogenic acid, Coumaroyl quinic acid and Rutin trihydrate along with a known antimycotic Fluconazole were studied for their antimycotic activity against Candida glabrata. The MIC90 for C. glabrata was observed at 125µg/ml for EGC g, 250 µg/mlf or Chlorogenic acid, 500µg/ml for Coumaroyl quinic acid and Rutin trihydrate while 12.5µg/ml for Fluconazole in macro dilution assay while the MFC values were 1000 µg/ml for EGC g, 500 µg/ml for Chlorogenic acid, Coumaroyl quinic acid, Rutin trihydrate and 50 µg/ml for Fluconazole. In microdilution assay, the MIC90 for C. glabrata was observed 125µg/ml for EGC g and chlorogenic acid, 500µg/ml for Coumaroyl quinic acid, Rutin trihydrate and 12.5µg/ml for Fluconazole while the MFC values were 31.25 µg/ml for Fluconazole, 250 µg/ml for chlorogenic acid and 500 µg/ml for EGC g, Coumaroyl quinic acid and Rutin trihydrate. EGCg and Chlorogenic acid was found to be more effective against C. glabrata and therefore these two were used for synergistic study along with Fluconazole. The viability of HeLa cells (in per cent) was observed ≥100% green tea phyto compounds. The viability of treated cells (in per cent) with a combination of Green tea, phytocompounds and fluconazole was observed between ≥98± 0.79 to ≥ 98± 0.87. Green tea phytocompounds mainly EGC g and chlorogenic acid can be used as synergistic molecules having antimycotic activity against C. glabrata.
光秃念珠菌是人类医学上重要的机会性真菌病原体之一，可引起各种类型的念珠菌病。它的环境适应性和抗菌素耐药性现在是公共卫生的一个重大关切。在本研究中，绿茶植物化合物;研究了EGCg、绿原酸、香豆醇奎宁酸、三水合芦丁以及已知的抗真菌药物氟康唑对光秃假丝酵母的抑菌活性。宏稀释法测定的赤霞珠MIC90分别为:EGC g 125µg/ml、绿原酸250µg/ml、香豆酰奎宁酸和三水合芦丁500µg/ml、氟康唑12.5µg/ml; EGC g 1000µg/ml、绿原酸、香豆酰奎宁酸、三水合芦丁500µg/ml、氟康唑50µg/ml。微量稀释试验中，绿原酸和EGC g的MIC90分别为125µg/ml、香豆醇奎宁酸和三水合芦丁500µg/ml、氟康唑12.5µg/ml;氟康唑的MFC分别为31.25µg/ml、绿原酸250µg/ml、EGC g、香豆醇奎宁酸和三水合芦丁500µg/ml。发现EGCg和绿原酸对光棘球蚴更有效，因此将两者与氟康唑一起进行协同研究。≥100%绿茶植物化合物对HeLa细胞存活率有显著影响。绿茶、植物化合物和氟康唑组合处理后的细胞存活率(以百分数计)在≥98±0.79至≥98±0.87之间。绿茶植物化合物主要是EGC g和绿原酸，可以作为协同分子对光棘球蛾具有抗真菌活性。
{"title":"Antimycotic activity of green tea phytocompounds against Candida glabrata","authors":"Priyanka Sirari, Jigisha Anand, Manjusha Tyagi, Rakesh Kuamar Bachheti, Ashish Thapliyal, Nishant Rai","doi":"10.36953/ecj.26042341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.26042341","url":null,"abstract":"One of the medically important opportunistic fungal pathogen for humans is Candida glabrata that causes various types of candidiasis. Its environmental adaptations and antimicrobial resistance is now a great concern for public health. In the present study, the green tea phytocompounds; EGCg, Chlorogenic acid, Coumaroyl quinic acid and Rutin trihydrate along with a known antimycotic Fluconazole were studied for their antimycotic activity against Candida glabrata. The MIC90 for C. glabrata was observed at 125µg/ml for EGC g, 250 µg/mlf or Chlorogenic acid, 500µg/ml for Coumaroyl quinic acid and Rutin trihydrate while 12.5µg/ml for Fluconazole in macro dilution assay while the MFC values were 1000 µg/ml for EGC g, 500 µg/ml for Chlorogenic acid, Coumaroyl quinic acid, Rutin trihydrate and 50 µg/ml for Fluconazole. In microdilution assay, the MIC90 for C. glabrata was observed 125µg/ml for EGC g and chlorogenic acid, 500µg/ml for Coumaroyl quinic acid, Rutin trihydrate and 12.5µg/ml for Fluconazole while the MFC values were 31.25 µg/ml for Fluconazole, 250 µg/ml for chlorogenic acid and 500 µg/ml for EGC g, Coumaroyl quinic acid and Rutin trihydrate. EGCg and Chlorogenic acid was found to be more effective against C. glabrata and therefore these two were used for synergistic study along with Fluconazole. The viability of HeLa cells (in per cent) was observed ≥100% green tea phyto compounds. The viability of treated cells (in per cent) with a combination of Green tea, phytocompounds and fluconazole was observed between ≥98± 0.79 to ≥ 98± 0.87. Green tea phytocompounds mainly EGC g and chlorogenic acid can be used as synergistic molecules having antimycotic activity against C. glabrata.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136064249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaishnavi Vilasrao Deshmukh, Sam Masih, Prajapati Divyanshukumar, A. Maxton
The third-most important food legume in terms of economic importance worldwide is the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Its potential production is frequently constrained by numerous biotic stressors, such as the nematodes, insects Ascochyta blight, fusarsium wilt, and botrytis grey mould are the three major fungal diseases that cause significant economic losses, while Helicoverpa armigera, Aphis craccivora, cowpea weevil are the three major pre-harvest pest of chickpea. Several biological, chemical, cultural and, agronomical practices are used to control biotic stress, apart from that few modern biotechnological approaches also developed for high yielding and biotic stress resistant varieties. This paper aims to elaborate about different biotic stresses that affect Chickpea plant, their management strategies including traditional chemicals and adaptation of transgenic varieties with their limitations and also enlightened newer ray of hope i.e., plant growth promoting rhizobacteria that holds the ability to combat against biotic stress by mitigating stress ethylene level.
{"title":"Biotic stress alleviating strategies in chickpea","authors":"Vaishnavi Vilasrao Deshmukh, Sam Masih, Prajapati Divyanshukumar, A. Maxton","doi":"10.36953/ecj.22932590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.22932590","url":null,"abstract":"The third-most important food legume in terms of economic importance worldwide is the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Its potential production is frequently constrained by numerous biotic stressors, such as the nematodes, insects Ascochyta blight, fusarsium wilt, and botrytis grey mould are the three major fungal diseases that cause significant economic losses, while Helicoverpa armigera, Aphis craccivora, cowpea weevil are the three major pre-harvest pest of chickpea. Several biological, chemical, cultural and, agronomical practices are used to control biotic stress, apart from that few modern biotechnological approaches also developed for high yielding and biotic stress resistant varieties. This paper aims to elaborate about different biotic stresses that affect Chickpea plant, their management strategies including traditional chemicals and adaptation of transgenic varieties with their limitations and also enlightened newer ray of hope i.e., plant growth promoting rhizobacteria that holds the ability to combat against biotic stress by mitigating stress ethylene level.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice is a vital staple food, especially in Asia, but it is highly susceptible to drought, leading to significant yield losses. To ensure food sustainability, drought-tolerant rice varieties are essential. Conventional breeding methods improve drought tolerance by focusing on biometric traits like root depth, avoidance, escape, and tolerance. This involves screening and crossing drought-tolerant varieties with high-yielding ones, followed by selection and evaluation. Techniques such as pedigree selection, recurrent selection, and backcrossing introduce desirable genes to enhance drought tolerance. Induced mutation through radiation exposure is also used. The molecular basis of drought tolerance involves identifying and manipulating genes responsible for rice's response to water stress. Techniques like QTL analysis, transcriptomics, genomics, and proteomics identify genes and QTLs associated with drought tolerance. Important genes involved in drought response include DREB, LEA, and ROS scavenging genes. Identifying QTLs enables the development of molecular markers for efficient screening of drought-tolerant rice genotypes. In conclusion, conventional breeding and molecular approaches are employed to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Conventional breeding improves biometric traits, while molecular techniques identify and manipulate specific genes associated with drought tolerance. This combination holds promise for high-yielding and drought-tolerant rice cultivars, contributing to global food security. However, further research is needed to understand the complex genetic mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in rice and enhance breeding precision and efficiency.
{"title":"Conventional and molecular breeding strategies for improvement of drought tolerance cultivars in rice: Recent approaches and outlooks","authors":"Madhu Banoth, Umil Singh Nunavath, Sukrutha Bhimireddy, Deepika Konne, Ananda Lekshmi L, Venkateswarao Govada, Sampath Lavudya","doi":"10.36953/ecj.18202550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.18202550","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is a vital staple food, especially in Asia, but it is highly susceptible to drought, leading to significant yield losses. To ensure food sustainability, drought-tolerant rice varieties are essential. Conventional breeding methods improve drought tolerance by focusing on biometric traits like root depth, avoidance, escape, and tolerance. This involves screening and crossing drought-tolerant varieties with high-yielding ones, followed by selection and evaluation. Techniques such as pedigree selection, recurrent selection, and backcrossing introduce desirable genes to enhance drought tolerance. Induced mutation through radiation exposure is also used. The molecular basis of drought tolerance involves identifying and manipulating genes responsible for rice's response to water stress. Techniques like QTL analysis, transcriptomics, genomics, and proteomics identify genes and QTLs associated with drought tolerance. Important genes involved in drought response include DREB, LEA, and ROS scavenging genes. Identifying QTLs enables the development of molecular markers for efficient screening of drought-tolerant rice genotypes. In conclusion, conventional breeding and molecular approaches are employed to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Conventional breeding improves biometric traits, while molecular techniques identify and manipulate specific genes associated with drought tolerance. This combination holds promise for high-yielding and drought-tolerant rice cultivars, contributing to global food security. However, further research is needed to understand the complex genetic mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in rice and enhance breeding precision and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deep plantar warts are the most common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot caused by Human papilloma Virus (HPV), mostly occur in children and adolescents. Most of the HPV infections are controlled by the humoral or cellular immune responses. But in few of the population groups these are manifested very frequently compared with other group of population. The virus sheds from the lesions and may infect the other sites of the plantar aspect or affect other parts of the body. Here we present a case of plantar warts which was successfully treated with multiple ayurvedic treatment modalities. This paper describes the case of a thirteen-year-old boy who presented to our hospital’s outdoor department with plantar warts since seven days. The patient was treated holistically with ayurvedic treatment modalities including soaking feet in lukewarm triphala decoction, topical application of garlic paste with 777 oil and an ayurvedic oral medication, pancha tikta ghrita guggulu, and the patient was cured completely in 20 days with 100% clearance and even after four years of follow up there was no sign of recurrence. The holistic approach of these ayurvedic treatment modalities have proven as effective and safe in treating the plantar warts.
{"title":"Effect of ayurvedic multimodal therapies on Plantar warts - a case report","authors":"Swapna Bopparathi, K. V. N. Raju","doi":"10.36953/ecj.22202559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.22202559","url":null,"abstract":"Deep plantar warts are the most common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot caused by Human papilloma Virus (HPV), mostly occur in children and adolescents. Most of the HPV infections are controlled by the humoral or cellular immune responses. But in few of the population groups these are manifested very frequently compared with other group of population. The virus sheds from the lesions and may infect the other sites of the plantar aspect or affect other parts of the body. Here we present a case of plantar warts which was successfully treated with multiple ayurvedic treatment modalities. This paper describes the case of a thirteen-year-old boy who presented to our hospital’s outdoor department with plantar warts since seven days. The patient was treated holistically with ayurvedic treatment modalities including soaking feet in lukewarm triphala decoction, topical application of garlic paste with 777 oil and an ayurvedic oral medication, pancha tikta ghrita guggulu, and the patient was cured completely in 20 days with 100% clearance and even after four years of follow up there was no sign of recurrence. The holistic approach of these ayurvedic treatment modalities have proven as effective and safe in treating the plantar warts.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debarati Seal, Kabita Mishra, S. Sardar, Ahmad Abbas Ahmedi, B. Patra
A field investigation was performed during the rainy seasons of 2018 and 2019 at the Instructional Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Jaguli, Nadia, West Bengal, India (22056'N and 86048'E, 9.75m above mean sea level) with the aim of determining the comparative effectiveness of different herbicides in controlling various kinds of weeds (grass, sedge and broad-leaf) in the transplanted aman paddy. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design having sixteen treatments with three replication, that includes application of either pre-emergence [butachlor, pretilachlor, pyrazosulfuron ethyl and ready mix (RM) of bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor at 2 days after transplanting (DAT)] or post-emergence [bispyribac sodium and bispyribac sodium + penoxsulum at 20 DAT] herbicides followed by hand weeding at 40 DAT; application of both pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides; hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT and weedy check. Hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT registered significantly lower weed density, weed dry matter and the highest weed control efficiency. Among the herbicidal treatments, ready-mix formulation of bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6% (Londax power 6.6%) performed better in controlling weeds of all categories and recorded higher paddy (3.96 t/ha) and straw yield (4.92 t/ha ) with the maximum weed index which were statistically at par with the hand weeded treatment. Hence, to fetch the effective suppression of weed, application of Londax power 6.6% @ 0.66 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence (at 2 DAT) with hand weeding at 40 DAT can easily replace additional one hand weeding at 20 DAT.
{"title":"Performance of herbicides for managing weed flora in transplanted aman paddy (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Debarati Seal, Kabita Mishra, S. Sardar, Ahmad Abbas Ahmedi, B. Patra","doi":"10.36953/ecj.17192533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.17192533","url":null,"abstract":"A field investigation was performed during the rainy seasons of 2018 and 2019 at the Instructional Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Jaguli, Nadia, West Bengal, India (22056'N and 86048'E, 9.75m above mean sea level) with the aim of determining the comparative effectiveness of different herbicides in controlling various kinds of weeds (grass, sedge and broad-leaf) in the transplanted aman paddy. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design having sixteen treatments with three replication, that includes application of either pre-emergence [butachlor, pretilachlor, pyrazosulfuron ethyl and ready mix (RM) of bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor at 2 days after transplanting (DAT)] or post-emergence [bispyribac sodium and bispyribac sodium + penoxsulum at 20 DAT] herbicides followed by hand weeding at 40 DAT; application of both pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides; hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT and weedy check. Hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT registered significantly lower weed density, weed dry matter and the highest weed control efficiency. Among the herbicidal treatments, ready-mix formulation of bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6% (Londax power 6.6%) performed better in controlling weeds of all categories and recorded higher paddy (3.96 t/ha) and straw yield (4.92 t/ha ) with the maximum weed index which were statistically at par with the hand weeded treatment. Hence, to fetch the effective suppression of weed, application of Londax power 6.6% @ 0.66 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence (at 2 DAT) with hand weeding at 40 DAT can easily replace additional one hand weeding at 20 DAT.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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