The paper demonstrates the computation (design) of the laser beam power distribution emitted by Amsat P3D-like satellite towards the Earth surface. Amsat P3D satellite carries a laser transmitter which is used for laser signal detection research. The evaluation of the similar links availability based on the stationary FSO link parameters is presented. The special receiver, which utilizes an APD photodiode, was developed. This receiver operates in the photon counter mode. Special concept of the receiver provides detection of extremely low-level signal. The contribution includes the presentation of the performance of the receiver and its noise analysis as well.
{"title":"Satellite-Terrestrial (Earth) Station Optical Communication","authors":"R. Kvíčala, M. Hampl, P. Kučera","doi":"10.1109/NO.2006.348379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NO.2006.348379","url":null,"abstract":"The paper demonstrates the computation (design) of the laser beam power distribution emitted by Amsat P3D-like satellite towards the Earth surface. Amsat P3D satellite carries a laser transmitter which is used for laser signal detection research. The evaluation of the similar links availability based on the stationary FSO link parameters is presented. The special receiver, which utilizes an APD photodiode, was developed. This receiver operates in the photon counter mode. Special concept of the receiver provides detection of extremely low-level signal. The contribution includes the presentation of the performance of the receiver and its noise analysis as well.","PeriodicalId":120519,"journal":{"name":"2006 Northern Optics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115709563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present distance measurement technique to any rough surface based on spatial filtering of a speckle pattern generated when the object surface is scanned by a laser beam deflected from an acousto-optic device. Scanning velocity of 150 m/s allows to complete single measurement within as short time as 50 ns. However stochastic nature of the speckle effect caused rather high inaccuracy. The data averaging is easily implemented within a single scan and allows us to achieve the accuracy of 110 mum within the time window of 2.5 mus. We analysed the factors affecting the performance of the proposed technique and showed that the response time can be diminished by an order of value using an acousto-optic crystal with higher acoustic speed. The proposed technique may be useful for monitoring of the geometrical parameters of fast moving or rotating surfaces in various industrial applications.
{"title":"Scanning ultra fast distance sensor based on acousto-optic deflection","authors":"D. Semenov, E. Nippolainen, A. Kamshilin","doi":"10.1109/NO.2006.348366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NO.2006.348366","url":null,"abstract":"We present distance measurement technique to any rough surface based on spatial filtering of a speckle pattern generated when the object surface is scanned by a laser beam deflected from an acousto-optic device. Scanning velocity of 150 m/s allows to complete single measurement within as short time as 50 ns. However stochastic nature of the speckle effect caused rather high inaccuracy. The data averaging is easily implemented within a single scan and allows us to achieve the accuracy of 110 mum within the time window of 2.5 mus. We analysed the factors affecting the performance of the proposed technique and showed that the response time can be diminished by an order of value using an acousto-optic crystal with higher acoustic speed. The proposed technique may be useful for monitoring of the geometrical parameters of fast moving or rotating surfaces in various industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":120519,"journal":{"name":"2006 Northern Optics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114570295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Vihinen, I. Kassamakov, M. Schorpp, H. Saarikko
The performance of two modern polymer optical fibers was studied under demanding conditions including repeated bending with 2 mm radius in temperature range of -35 degC to 85 degC and pulling until failure. Also studied was if the changes in refractive index profile due to high stresses caused by tight radius bending would be large enough to affect the fiber performance. The tests showed that the 250 mum thick PMMA based sample fibers were able to survive the demanded 100,000 bends with temperature cycling without significantly increasing their attenuation. The fibers were also able to keep their performance until elongations close to their breaking point. The effect of changes in fiber refractive index profile was found to be insignificant compared to other bending related effects.
{"title":"Performance of Polymer Optical Fibers under Extreme Conditions","authors":"P. Vihinen, I. Kassamakov, M. Schorpp, H. Saarikko","doi":"10.1109/NO.2006.348371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NO.2006.348371","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of two modern polymer optical fibers was studied under demanding conditions including repeated bending with 2 mm radius in temperature range of -35 degC to 85 degC and pulling until failure. Also studied was if the changes in refractive index profile due to high stresses caused by tight radius bending would be large enough to affect the fiber performance. The tests showed that the 250 mum thick PMMA based sample fibers were able to survive the demanded 100,000 bends with temperature cycling without significantly increasing their attenuation. The fibers were also able to keep their performance until elongations close to their breaking point. The effect of changes in fiber refractive index profile was found to be insignificant compared to other bending related effects.","PeriodicalId":120519,"journal":{"name":"2006 Northern Optics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125432294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field of environmental sensors has been developing driven by the Baltic Sea environmental considerations. The authors propose the use of optical methods for developing sensitive, selective and low cost approach to address water media emitted matter research. An optical method to detect the human anthropogenic load presence in water bodies by measuring minute optical brighteners (OBs) concentration in water due to the laundry effluent is demonstrated. The authors propose to use OBs as a conveniently and affordably detectable optical parameter to compare the levels of human impact on the water bodies studied.
{"title":"Optical method for determining optical brightener concentration in water solution","authors":"O. Balcers, J. Teteris","doi":"10.1109/NO.2006.348374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NO.2006.348374","url":null,"abstract":"The field of environmental sensors has been developing driven by the Baltic Sea environmental considerations. The authors propose the use of optical methods for developing sensitive, selective and low cost approach to address water media emitted matter research. An optical method to detect the human anthropogenic load presence in water bodies by measuring minute optical brighteners (OBs) concentration in water due to the laundry effluent is demonstrated. The authors propose to use OBs as a conveniently and affordably detectable optical parameter to compare the levels of human impact on the water bodies studied.","PeriodicalId":120519,"journal":{"name":"2006 Northern Optics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128075212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The feasibility of localized waves - the best approximation to non-diffracting, spatially and temporally localized "light bullets" in vacuum - has been discussed over the past two decades. Recently the first experimental evidence of their generation has been published. In this paper we propose an optical setup for launching optical superluminal localized waves that take advantage of the diffraction properties of a special optical element - cylindrical diffraction grating.
{"title":"Optical generation of superluminal localized wave solutions of homogeneous wave equation","authors":"K. Reivelt, H. Valtna, P. Saari","doi":"10.1109/NO.2006.348365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NO.2006.348365","url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of localized waves - the best approximation to non-diffracting, spatially and temporally localized \"light bullets\" in vacuum - has been discussed over the past two decades. Recently the first experimental evidence of their generation has been published. In this paper we propose an optical setup for launching optical superluminal localized waves that take advantage of the diffraction properties of a special optical element - cylindrical diffraction grating.","PeriodicalId":120519,"journal":{"name":"2006 Northern Optics","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114213748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. B. Coic, Gérard Deschaseaux, Olivier Hartmann, E. Hugonnot, J. Luce
We present the design of the front-end for the French LIL multi-Petawatt laser facility (PETAL) based on OPCPA architecture. The expected output energy at 1053 nm is up to 150 mJ of spatially flat top square pulse and programmable temporal shape. The stretched pulse duration is 9 ns with 16 nm spectral width. We present the first results for the pump module with a highly stable pulse, with energy of 2 J before doubling, and with a beam spatially monomode and monochromatic.
{"title":"Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification for the LIL-Petawatt front-End: Design and first results","authors":"N. B. Coic, Gérard Deschaseaux, Olivier Hartmann, E. Hugonnot, J. Luce","doi":"10.1109/NO.2006.348373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NO.2006.348373","url":null,"abstract":"We present the design of the front-end for the French LIL multi-Petawatt laser facility (PETAL) based on OPCPA architecture. The expected output energy at 1053 nm is up to 150 mJ of spatially flat top square pulse and programmable temporal shape. The stretched pulse duration is 9 ns with 16 nm spectral width. We present the first results for the pump module with a highly stable pulse, with energy of 2 J before doubling, and with a beam spatially monomode and monochromatic.","PeriodicalId":120519,"journal":{"name":"2006 Northern Optics","volume":"82 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116368549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In our contribution we propose using of a two-mode optical fiber as a primary source in a transmitting optical head instead of the laser diode. In the article we are interested in the distribution of the optical intensity and the complex degree of coherence in the output aperture of the lens. This aperture is irradiated by a step-index weakly guiding optical fiber. In our treatment we take into account weakly guided modes with polarization corrections to the propagation constant and unified theory of the second order coherence and polarization of electromagnetic beams.
{"title":"The Utilization of Two-Mode Optical Fiber in Free Space Optics Communication","authors":"M. Hampl, P. Kučera, R. Kvíčala","doi":"10.1109/NO.2006.348380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NO.2006.348380","url":null,"abstract":"In our contribution we propose using of a two-mode optical fiber as a primary source in a transmitting optical head instead of the laser diode. In the article we are interested in the distribution of the optical intensity and the complex degree of coherence in the output aperture of the lens. This aperture is irradiated by a step-index weakly guiding optical fiber. In our treatment we take into account weakly guided modes with polarization corrections to the propagation constant and unified theory of the second order coherence and polarization of electromagnetic beams.","PeriodicalId":120519,"journal":{"name":"2006 Northern Optics","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123288502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Manuilskiy, H. Andersson, G. Thungstrom, H. Nilsson
The characterization and design of a Fourier transform spectrometer, which enables the integration of a multi channel interferometer with a detector unit in order to create a compact device is presented in this paper. It operates within a wide spectral range from visible to MR, contains no moving parts and is resistible to mechanical and climatic conditions. Such a design with an array or matrix detector can be used for spectroscopy with a partially coherent or white optical source depending on the shape of the optical interferometer. A reasonable spectral resolution of the order of 20-50 cm-1 can be achieved over a 1 mum wavelength range when using a 512 pixel detector array. A design model for characterization of the quasi integrated device, where a multi channel interferometer was mechanically attached and which contained a gap to the detector elements, was used. The experimental results are promising and suggest a variety of different directions for the development and application of these types of integrated spectrometers.
{"title":"Multi Channel Array Interferometer-Fourier Spectrometer","authors":"A. Manuilskiy, H. Andersson, G. Thungstrom, H. Nilsson","doi":"10.1109/NO.2006.348363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NO.2006.348363","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization and design of a Fourier transform spectrometer, which enables the integration of a multi channel interferometer with a detector unit in order to create a compact device is presented in this paper. It operates within a wide spectral range from visible to MR, contains no moving parts and is resistible to mechanical and climatic conditions. Such a design with an array or matrix detector can be used for spectroscopy with a partially coherent or white optical source depending on the shape of the optical interferometer. A reasonable spectral resolution of the order of 20-50 cm-1 can be achieved over a 1 mum wavelength range when using a 512 pixel detector array. A design model for characterization of the quasi integrated device, where a multi channel interferometer was mechanically attached and which contained a gap to the detector elements, was used. The experimental results are promising and suggest a variety of different directions for the development and application of these types of integrated spectrometers.","PeriodicalId":120519,"journal":{"name":"2006 Northern Optics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130108238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional detection scheme for self-mixing sensors uses an integrated photodiode within the laser package to monitor the self mixing signal. This arrangement can be simplified by directly obtaining the self-mixing signals across the laser diode itself and omitting the photodiode. This work reports on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) based self- mixing sensor using the laser junction voltage to obtain the self- mixing signal. We show that the same information can be obtained with only minor changes to the extraction circuitry leading to potential cost saving with reductions in component costs and complexity and significant increase in bandwidth favoring high speed modulation. Experiments using both photo current and voltage detection were carried out and the results obtained show good agreement with the theory.
{"title":"Distance Measurement using the Change in Junction Voltage Across a Laser Diode due to the Self-Mixing Effect","authors":"Y. Lim, J. Tucker, A. Rakić","doi":"10.1109/NO.2006.348377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NO.2006.348377","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional detection scheme for self-mixing sensors uses an integrated photodiode within the laser package to monitor the self mixing signal. This arrangement can be simplified by directly obtaining the self-mixing signals across the laser diode itself and omitting the photodiode. This work reports on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) based self- mixing sensor using the laser junction voltage to obtain the self- mixing signal. We show that the same information can be obtained with only minor changes to the extraction circuitry leading to potential cost saving with reductions in component costs and complexity and significant increase in bandwidth favoring high speed modulation. Experiments using both photo current and voltage detection were carried out and the results obtained show good agreement with the theory.","PeriodicalId":120519,"journal":{"name":"2006 Northern Optics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131032893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Tkaczyk, S. Rivet, L. Canioni, S. Santran, L. Sarger
By examining the first- and second-order moments of intensity with respect to time and frequency, we arrive at a temporal characterization of laser pulses through parameters for pulse duration, group delay dispersion and temporal form. These parameters, which are sufficient to predict subsequent pulse behavior, are recoverable in a simple experiment, measuring the two-photon-induced photocurrents in three nonlinear diodes. With only two photodiodes, we demonstrate that pulse durations as low as several tens of femtoseconds can be easily measured in a single shot, if the usual assumptions of pulse form and dispersion are made as in the more difficult autocorrelation setup.
{"title":"Moment-based Description for Assumption-free Single-shot Measurement of Femtosecond Laser Pulse Parameters via Two-photon-induced Photocurrents","authors":"E. Tkaczyk, S. Rivet, L. Canioni, S. Santran, L. Sarger","doi":"10.1109/NO.2006.348376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NO.2006.348376","url":null,"abstract":"By examining the first- and second-order moments of intensity with respect to time and frequency, we arrive at a temporal characterization of laser pulses through parameters for pulse duration, group delay dispersion and temporal form. These parameters, which are sufficient to predict subsequent pulse behavior, are recoverable in a simple experiment, measuring the two-photon-induced photocurrents in three nonlinear diodes. With only two photodiodes, we demonstrate that pulse durations as low as several tens of femtoseconds can be easily measured in a single shot, if the usual assumptions of pulse form and dispersion are made as in the more difficult autocorrelation setup.","PeriodicalId":120519,"journal":{"name":"2006 Northern Optics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124170887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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