Xiongtao Ji, Na Wang, Jingkang Wang, Yunhai Huang, Ting Wang, Xin Huang, Hongxun Hao
Due to the unique drug delivery mode and specific therapy, nano‐formulations are of interest for biomedical applications and treating many diseases. However, traditional method of nano‐formulation construction via additional carriers or structural modifications of therapeutic drugs might be cumbersome or low loading‐efficient. Herein, the kinetics, accessible pathways, and final outcomes of supramolecular assembly processes of therapeutic drugs are investigated in detail. It was found that the supramolecular aggregates of cephradine (CEP) undergoes a morphological transformation from anisotropic nanofiber (EtOH) to isotropic spherical nanoparticle (H2O), similar to “plants took root, sprouted, blossomed and bore fruit.” Moreover, the assembly kinetics results reveal the assembly pathways of nucleation elongation in H2O and surface‐catalyzed secondary nucleation in EtOH. The method presented in this work has the potential to be used for efficiently designing specific nano‐formulations.
{"title":"Tuning the morphology of supramolecular aggregates for nanocarrier‐based drug delivery","authors":"Xiongtao Ji, Na Wang, Jingkang Wang, Yunhai Huang, Ting Wang, Xin Huang, Hongxun Hao","doi":"10.1002/aic.18717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18717","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the unique drug delivery mode and specific therapy, nano‐formulations are of interest for biomedical applications and treating many diseases. However, traditional method of nano‐formulation construction via additional carriers or structural modifications of therapeutic drugs might be cumbersome or low loading‐efficient. Herein, the kinetics, accessible pathways, and final outcomes of supramolecular assembly processes of therapeutic drugs are investigated in detail. It was found that the supramolecular aggregates of cephradine (CEP) undergoes a morphological transformation from anisotropic nanofiber (EtOH) to isotropic spherical nanoparticle (H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O), similar to “plants took root, sprouted, blossomed and bore fruit.” Moreover, the assembly kinetics results reveal the assembly pathways of nucleation elongation in H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O and surface‐catalyzed secondary nucleation in EtOH. The method presented in this work has the potential to be used for efficiently designing specific nano‐formulations.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasan Zerze, Ayush Gupta, Atanu Baksi, Dipayan Chakraborty, Peter G. Vekilov, Jeffrey D. Rimer, Gül H. Zerze
Effective modeling of molecular interactions is fundamental for understanding and simulating large-scale chemical and biochemical systems. Here, we introduce a novel coarse-graining strategy that employs the Lennard–Jones (LJ) potential to model solvent–solvent and solute–solvent interactions that control mesoscale behaviors. Our approach maintains the accuracy in capturing essential thermophysical properties such as densities and vapor pressures, while simplifying the representation of solvent molecules. By aggregating multiple solvent molecules into a single bead, our model offers a robust tool for studying solvation properties in systems where the collective behavior of solvents plays a crucial role. This approach enables effective computational studies across various mesoscale phenomena, including phase transitions in polymer blends, concentrated solutions of small organic molecules, and biological self-assembly. We demonstrate the robustness of our approach by simulating a saturated cholesterol–ethanol solution, exemplifying its power to tackle large-scale systems with precision and efficiency.
{"title":"A coarse-graining approach to model molecular liquids for mesoscale problems","authors":"Hasan Zerze, Ayush Gupta, Atanu Baksi, Dipayan Chakraborty, Peter G. Vekilov, Jeffrey D. Rimer, Gül H. Zerze","doi":"10.1002/aic.18700","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aic.18700","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective modeling of molecular interactions is fundamental for understanding and simulating large-scale chemical and biochemical systems. Here, we introduce a novel coarse-graining strategy that employs the Lennard–Jones (LJ) potential to model solvent–solvent and solute–solvent interactions that control mesoscale behaviors. Our approach maintains the accuracy in capturing essential thermophysical properties such as densities and vapor pressures, while simplifying the representation of solvent molecules. By aggregating multiple solvent molecules into a single bead, our model offers a robust tool for studying solvation properties in systems where the collective behavior of solvents plays a crucial role. This approach enables effective computational studies across various mesoscale phenomena, including phase transitions in polymer blends, concentrated solutions of small organic molecules, and biological self-assembly. We demonstrate the robustness of our approach by simulating a saturated cholesterol–ethanol solution, exemplifying its power to tackle large-scale systems with precision and efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"71 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aimed to study the characteristics of chaotic advection and mass transfer of viscous liquid–liquid flows in a novel 3D serpentine microchannel (TSM) with hybrid structures. The TSM and its corresponding experimental setup are established, and the CFD model is verified through flow field visualization experiments. Results reveal that efficient chaotic convection in TSM is achieved through continuous irregular spatial fluid deformation. The Lyapunov exponents greater than zero indicate the existence of chaotic behavior, and the maximum lineal stretch rate λM increases linearly with the characteristic Reynolds number. The mass transfer characteristics are evaluated by diffusion mass transfer number Φ and mass transfer field synergy number Fc quantitatively. The mixing index MI shows an increasing trend as Fc increases, while the mixing effectiveness ME decreases as the outlet Reynolds number ReO decreases. The relationships of MI with λM and Fc and the relationship of ME with ReO are established.
{"title":"Chaotic advection and mass transfer of viscous liquid–liquid flows in a novel 3D serpentine microchannel","authors":"Jiecai Long, Congkai Xie, Haojun Zhang, Xuan Zhang, Jingsong Yao, Rongguang Zhang, Xun Chen, Xin Chen","doi":"10.1002/aic.18701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18701","url":null,"abstract":"This article aimed to study the characteristics of chaotic advection and mass transfer of viscous liquid–liquid flows in a novel 3D serpentine microchannel (TSM) with hybrid structures. The TSM and its corresponding experimental setup are established, and the CFD model is verified through flow field visualization experiments. Results reveal that efficient chaotic convection in TSM is achieved through continuous irregular spatial fluid deformation. The Lyapunov exponents greater than zero indicate the existence of chaotic behavior, and the maximum lineal stretch rate <i>λ</i><sub>M</sub> increases linearly with the characteristic Reynolds number. The mass transfer characteristics are evaluated by diffusion mass transfer number Φ and mass transfer field synergy number <i>Fc</i> quantitatively. The mixing index MI shows an increasing trend as <i>Fc</i> increases, while the mixing effectiveness ME decreases as the outlet Reynolds number Re<sub>O</sub> decreases. The relationships of MI with <i>λ</i><sub>M</sub> and <i>Fc</i> and the relationship of ME with Re<sub>O</sub> are established.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"261 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Furfural (FFR) is one of the most important biomass derivatives, usually obtained by initial hydrolysis of xylose oligomers derived from hemicellulose to xylose and then acid catalyzed dehydration. The FFR liquid-phase hydrogenation reaction conditions are mild, which is conducive to connecting with upstream chemicals. The solvent systems play a crucial role in the selectivity of target products and the sustainability of the reaction process in the catalytic hydrogenation of FFR to high value-added chemicals. This work reviews various solvent systems (organic solvents, aqueous phase, supercritical CO2, and ionic liquids) used in the FFR hydrogenation. The functions, characteristics, and limitations of various solvents in FFR hydrogenation are discussed, and the interactions among solvents and FFR, reaction intermediates, and catalysts are summarized. This review can promote the development of FFR liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation systems and provide valuable references for improving the yield and sustainability of FFR hydrogenation to high value-added chemicals.
{"title":"Effect of solvents on furfural liquid-phase hydrogenation and catalysts: A review","authors":"Jinxin Zhang, Heng Zhang, Dongfang Wu","doi":"10.1002/aic.18709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18709","url":null,"abstract":"Furfural (FFR) is one of the most important biomass derivatives, usually obtained by initial hydrolysis of xylose oligomers derived from hemicellulose to xylose and then acid catalyzed dehydration. The FFR liquid-phase hydrogenation reaction conditions are mild, which is conducive to connecting with upstream chemicals. The solvent systems play a crucial role in the selectivity of target products and the sustainability of the reaction process in the catalytic hydrogenation of FFR to high value-added chemicals. This work reviews various solvent systems (organic solvents, aqueous phase, supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>, and ionic liquids) used in the FFR hydrogenation. The functions, characteristics, and limitations of various solvents in FFR hydrogenation are discussed, and the interactions among solvents and FFR, reaction intermediates, and catalysts are summarized. This review can promote the development of FFR liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation systems and provide valuable references for improving the yield and sustainability of FFR hydrogenation to high value-added chemicals.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noble metal-catalyzed reductive amination of carbonyl compounds using molecular hydrogen is a promising green route for amine synthesis, but a challenge remains to boost the atomic efficiency of noble metal species. Herein, MFI zeolite encapsulated Pt species with tunable Si/Al ratios were synthesized to allow the formation of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with almost the same loading amount, particle size, and electronic state. Confining Pt NPs allows the spatial satisfaction for the synergy of metal centers and acid sites, and Pt@ZSM-5(100) with a moderate Si/Al ratio performed high efficiency in the conversion of carbonyl compounds and boosted high TOF of 23,409 h−1 in reductive amination of benzaldehyde. Combined with structure refinement, x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), in situ Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and theoretical calculation, the study indicated that modulating the Si/Al ratio enables the fine rationalization of the microenvironment. The moderate Si/Al ratio causes suitable acid intensity that significantly contributes to the carbonyl compound activation and product desorption.
{"title":"Encapsulation of Pt species into MFI zeolite with tunable acid sites boosts reductive amination towards tertiary amines","authors":"Zhuo Xiong, Biao Meng, Cailing Chen, Xiaoling Liu, Chao Wu, Yue Wu, Meng Xu, Hongzhong Xu, Yihu Dai, Yu Han, Yu Zhou, Shibo Xi, Jun Wang","doi":"10.1002/aic.18710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18710","url":null,"abstract":"Noble metal-catalyzed reductive amination of carbonyl compounds using molecular hydrogen is a promising green route for amine synthesis, but a challenge remains to boost the atomic efficiency of noble metal species. Herein, MFI zeolite encapsulated Pt species with tunable Si/Al ratios were synthesized to allow the formation of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with almost the same loading amount, particle size, and electronic state. Confining Pt NPs allows the spatial satisfaction for the synergy of metal centers and acid sites, and Pt@ZSM-5(100) with a moderate Si/Al ratio performed high efficiency in the conversion of carbonyl compounds and boosted high TOF of 23,409 h<sup>−1</sup> in reductive amination of benzaldehyde. Combined with structure refinement, x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), in situ Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and theoretical calculation, the study indicated that modulating the Si/Al ratio enables the fine rationalization of the microenvironment. The moderate Si/Al ratio causes suitable acid intensity that significantly contributes to the carbonyl compound activation and product desorption.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work systematically investigated the crystallization process of NiAl-layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) with a Ni(II)/Al(III) ratio of 3 under different crystallization conditions. The results showed that the prepared NiAl-LDH first exhibits sheet-like morphology, which transforms into a hexagonal platelet with further growth. The lateral size and thickness of the prepared NiAl-LDH are ~10–284 nm and ~2–31 nm, respectively. Based on the evolution of morphology, particle size and crystallinity, the growth mechanism of NiAl-LDH was first proposed. The growth of NiAl-LDH in the lateral dimension was governed by Ostwald ripening, while the increase in c direction was dominated by oriented particle attachment before precipitation and dissolution equilibrium. Afterward, the growth of NiAl-LDH was dominated by the oriented particle attachment, leading to further growth of NiAl-LDH. Moreover, a rotating packed bed (RPB) was first adopted to crystallize NiAl-LDH. The results show that RPB can greatly enhance the growth of NiAl-LDH.
{"title":"Growth mechanism and process intensification of Ni-Al-layered double hydroxide synthesized via coprecipitation","authors":"Ying-Jiao Li, Yong Chen, Yue Liu, Guang-Wen Chu, Bao-Chang Sun, Jian-Feng Chen","doi":"10.1002/aic.18672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18672","url":null,"abstract":"This work systematically investigated the crystallization process of NiAl-layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) with a Ni(II)/Al(III) ratio of 3 under different crystallization conditions. The results showed that the prepared NiAl-LDH first exhibits sheet-like morphology, which transforms into a hexagonal platelet with further growth. The lateral size and thickness of the prepared NiAl-LDH are ~10–284 nm and ~2–31 nm, respectively. Based on the evolution of morphology, particle size and crystallinity, the growth mechanism of NiAl-LDH was first proposed. The growth of NiAl-LDH in the lateral dimension was governed by Ostwald ripening, while the increase in <i>c</i> direction was dominated by oriented particle attachment before precipitation and dissolution equilibrium. Afterward, the growth of NiAl-LDH was dominated by the oriented particle attachment, leading to further growth of NiAl-LDH. Moreover, a rotating packed bed (RPB) was first adopted to crystallize NiAl-LDH. The results show that RPB can greatly enhance the growth of NiAl-LDH.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xue-Li Cao, Tian Tian, Yong Bai, Chun Cui, Cong Luo, Jiang-Shan Xing, Chuan-Yu Chen, Lili Zhao, Shi-Peng Sun
Traditional nanofiltration membranes often struggle to maintain stability in harsh environments due to issues like swelling, chemical bond dissociation, and polymer chain creep. Fluoropolymers like poly(ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE) are promising substrate candidates for broad-spectrum corrosion-resistant nanofiltration (CRNF) membranes, but their solvent insolubility and hydrophobicity present significant processing challenges. This study harnesses the electrospinnability and abundant reactive sites of polyvinyl alcohol to create a reactive site-bridged nanofibrous network. This network provides reactive sites to decorate the hydrophobic ECTFE substrate and bridges the molecular selective layer through aldolization, Schiff base reactions, and esterification. The resulting robust thin-film nanofibrous composite membranes exhibit high rejection rates for small molecular dyes under a variety of harsh conditions, including exposure to 10 wt% H2SO4, 1 M NaOH, ethanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and 80°C solutions. This work paves the way for designing next-generation broad-spectrum CRNF membranes, enhancing their applicability in diverse harsh environments.
{"title":"Broad-spectrum corrosion-resistant nanofiltration membranes via reactive site-bridged nanofibrous network","authors":"Xue-Li Cao, Tian Tian, Yong Bai, Chun Cui, Cong Luo, Jiang-Shan Xing, Chuan-Yu Chen, Lili Zhao, Shi-Peng Sun","doi":"10.1002/aic.18699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18699","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional nanofiltration membranes often struggle to maintain stability in harsh environments due to issues like swelling, chemical bond dissociation, and polymer chain creep. Fluoropolymers like poly(ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE) are promising substrate candidates for broad-spectrum corrosion-resistant nanofiltration (CRNF) membranes, but their solvent insolubility and hydrophobicity present significant processing challenges. This study harnesses the electrospinnability and abundant reactive sites of polyvinyl alcohol to create a reactive site-bridged nanofibrous network. This network provides reactive sites to decorate the hydrophobic ECTFE substrate and bridges the molecular selective layer through aldolization, Schiff base reactions, and esterification. The resulting robust thin-film nanofibrous composite membranes exhibit high rejection rates for small molecular dyes under a variety of harsh conditions, including exposure to 10 wt% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 1 M NaOH, ethanol, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide, <i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidone, and 80°C solutions. This work paves the way for designing next-generation broad-spectrum CRNF membranes, enhancing their applicability in diverse harsh environments.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solvent extraction of lithium by β-diketones from alkaline brine has been known to be an efficient process. However, its relatively high working pH, consequently the high alkaline consumption and substantial dissolution loss in raffinate, limit its industrial application. Herein, a novel lithium extractant, i.e., 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-4-n-octoxy-benzophenone (referred to as N531), was proposed, which can extract lithium at relatively lower pH with remarkable low alkaline consumption and dissolution loss. Exactly, the pH corresponding to half lithium extraction is 8.5, and the Li/Na separation factor is ~500. The extractant concentration in the raffinate varied from 0.8 to 9.3 mg L−1, depending on the pH and salinity. An application case was given to extract lithium from the raw brine of Zabuye salt lake, indicating that N531 is a commercially prospective extractant to extract lithium from alkaline brine.
{"title":"Lithium solvent extraction from weak alkaline brine by 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-4-alkoxy-benzophenone and TRPO","authors":"Guimei Zhou, Wenjun Yan, Shufan Yan, Dandan Gao, Debin Zeng, Dongdong Li, Dewen Zeng","doi":"10.1002/aic.18703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18703","url":null,"abstract":"Solvent extraction of lithium by β-diketones from alkaline brine has been known to be an efficient process. However, its relatively high working pH, consequently the high alkaline consumption and substantial dissolution loss in raffinate, limit its industrial application. Herein, a novel lithium extractant, i.e., 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-4-<i>n</i>-octoxy-benzophenone (referred to as N531), was proposed, which can extract lithium at relatively lower pH with remarkable low alkaline consumption and dissolution loss. Exactly, the pH corresponding to half lithium extraction is 8.5, and the Li/Na separation factor is ~500. The extractant concentration in the raffinate varied from 0.8 to 9.3 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, depending on the pH and salinity. An application case was given to extract lithium from the raw brine of Zabuye salt lake, indicating that N531 is a commercially prospective extractant to extract lithium from alkaline brine.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The understanding of thermocapillary convection is important in both fundamental and industrial aspects. However, efficient tools that can provide dynamic details of the convective flows are still lacking. Here, we discovered a unique phenomenon of photoinduced fluorogenic shift of HDPI derivatives in chloroform and utilized this trait to map the temperature field and capillary flow on the surface of or inside volatile chloroform with a high spatial resolution and a long observation window. By inducing a proper co-imaging agent that enhanced the fluorescence contrast via generating more distinguishable chromaticity, the fluorescence-based method exhibited further enhanced imaging resolution and elongated observation time, facilitating the continuous monitoring of temperature field and capillary flow. This work presents a powerful tool to study the behaviors of fluid (thermo-)dynamics.
{"title":"Fluorescent imaging agents for mapping temperature field and capillary flow on the surface of volatile solvent","authors":"Hao Gu, Sibo Wan, Sheng Lu, Yahui Chen, Fang Wang, Shiyue Zheng, Yourong Li, Xiaoqiang Chen","doi":"10.1002/aic.18696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18696","url":null,"abstract":"The understanding of thermocapillary convection is important in both fundamental and industrial aspects. However, efficient tools that can provide dynamic details of the convective flows are still lacking. Here, we discovered a unique phenomenon of photoinduced fluorogenic shift of <b>HDPI</b> derivatives in chloroform and utilized this trait to map the temperature field and capillary flow on the surface of or inside volatile chloroform with a high spatial resolution and a long observation window. By inducing a proper co-imaging agent that enhanced the fluorescence contrast via generating more distinguishable chromaticity, the fluorescence-based method exhibited further enhanced imaging resolution and elongated observation time, facilitating the continuous monitoring of temperature field and capillary flow. This work presents a powerful tool to study the behaviors of fluid (thermo-)dynamics.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louis Kontschak, Oliver Gruschke, Lena Trapp, Hatice Nur Baser, Neil MacKinnon, Philippe Rychen, Hermann Nirschl, Gisela Guthausen
Ion exchange resins were studied on different length scales by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the focus on their interactions with nanoparticles (NP) and molecular clusters. On the length scale of resin beds (bed diameters <20 mm), the behavior of NP and of molecular clusters was shown to depend on the kind of ion exchange resin and nanoscale moiety. The kinetics of absorption and penetration into the resin beads was quantified on a smaller length scale of a stack of resin beads (sample with an outer diameter of 1.7 mm). Finally, using an MRI μ-coil (3D spatial resolution ≥8 μm), adsorption of superparamagnetic NP on individual resin beads was observed via the magnetic field disturbance characteristic for magnetic dipoles. As a result, this allows the detection of NP (diameter ≤100 nm) by MRI on much larger length scales of several micrometers.
{"title":"MRI on ion exchange resins at different length scales","authors":"Louis Kontschak, Oliver Gruschke, Lena Trapp, Hatice Nur Baser, Neil MacKinnon, Philippe Rychen, Hermann Nirschl, Gisela Guthausen","doi":"10.1002/aic.18659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18659","url":null,"abstract":"Ion exchange resins were studied on different length scales by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the focus on their interactions with nanoparticles (NP) and molecular clusters. On the length scale of resin beds (bed diameters <20 mm), the behavior of NP and of molecular clusters was shown to depend on the kind of ion exchange resin and nanoscale moiety. The kinetics of absorption and penetration into the resin beads was quantified on a smaller length scale of a stack of resin beads (sample with an outer diameter of 1.7 mm). Finally, using an MRI μ-coil (3D spatial resolution ≥8 μm), adsorption of superparamagnetic NP on individual resin beads was observed via the magnetic field disturbance characteristic for magnetic dipoles. As a result, this allows the detection of NP (diameter ≤100 nm) by MRI on much larger length scales of several micrometers.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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