Folia medica Cracoviensia最新文献

Intraorbital foreign bodies still remain an unsolved and serious diagnostic problem. Due to the complicated anatomical orbital structure, both the diagnosis and treatment of these injuries are considered to be one of the most challenging. We present a case of a metallic foreign body (a bullet) imbeded in the orbit of a 10-year-old boy. Only after performing computed tomography imaging using the metal artifacts reduction algorithm it was possible to properly localize the foreign body. The issue of intraorbital foreign bodies is interdisciplinary and requires the co-operation between many specialists, including ophthalmologists, otorhinolaryngologists and radiologists.

Gestational diabetes is one of the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy. Numerous studies have shown the gut microbiota changes significantly during pregnancy and intestinal microbiota also influences the development of diabetes during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to review the studies about gut microbiome in gestational diabetes.

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-6-174G/C and the disease course in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: 105 patients (aged 18-75 years) with diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 50 with CD, and 55 with UC, were involved in the study. The controls consisted of 124 healthy individuals. In all patients, the following parameters were evaluated: disease duration, location, presence of complications, and past surgical procedures. Morphology, biochemical parameters, fibrinogen, interleukin 6 (IL-6) level, and IL-6 single nucleotide (174 G/C) polymorphism were assessed in all subjects. Associations of those markers with disease activity, location, complications, and inflammatory markers were evaluated.

Results: No statistically significant differences in IL-6 single nucleotide (174 G/C) polymorphism were observed between patients with UC, CD, and controls. In IBD patients with the GG genotype, a higher mean IL-6 level was noticed than in patients with other genotypes (4.685 ± 5.9 vs. 2.715 ± 5.1 in GC and 3.186 ± 3.6 in CC). A positive correlation was found between IL-6 and fibrinogen levels and CRP in UC and CD patients with GG and GC genotypes. In IBD patients with CC genotype, no correlation between IL-6 and fibrinogen was found (p = 0.48).

Conclusions: The risk of developing IBD appears not connected with IL-6 polymorphism. However, IL-6 variation might influence the course of the disease in UC patients.

Melanoma treatments are necessary when surgically curable treatments are limited. The major challenge of targeted therapy for treating malignant melanoma is acquired drug resistance. Translation and autophagy pathways are interconnected and involved in developing cancer drug resistance. We hypothesized that coordinate inhibition of autophagy and translation would lead to a better anticancer effect. In the present study, we used chloroquine combined with two translation inhibitors (NVP-BEZ235 and CGP57380) acting at different signaling pathway levels, activating the translation. Our study was conducted for human melanoma cell lines with similar genomic alteration (BRAFV600E and PTEN loss). The combination of the drugs suppresses cell invasiveness and growth by inducing apoptosis. We showed multiple direct and indirect interactions, indicating the overlap and interaction between the translation machinery and autophagy. These data suggest that coordinated inhibition of translation and autophagy promotes apoptosis and may be a new therapeutic model for melanoma treatment.

The aim was to analyse the results of the oral mycological examination and the relationship with selected parameters of the questionnaire and clinical examination. The study included 50 residents of the Municipal Health Centre for Older and Dependent Individuals and 30 participants in a three-month rehabilitation programme at the Daily Medical Care House. The study examined the following: type of prosthetic restorations, hygiene of removable dentures using the Ambjörnsen index, denture stomatitis according to Newton's classification, pathologies of the oral mucosa according to the classification of Górska and their localisation, mycological examination. Mycological examination was mostly positive (MHCOD 80%, DMCH 81%). The Ambjörnsen index indicated that 72% of residents with a positive mycological result had inadequate denture hygiene. The most frequently isolated fungal species were Candida albicans (89%) and Candida glabrata (39%). In 51% of the cases more than 1 fungal species was isolated. Fungal infection of the oral cavity often took place without ac- companying subjective symptoms and increased the risk of red lesions. Abundant and very abundant growth increased a risk of white lesions on the tongue. Senior patients are at an increased risk of developing oral fungal lesions. As infections often occur without subjective symptoms, it is important to include this group in systematic check-ups. Oral candidiasis is typically identified incidentally during routine examination or in instances of intense proliferation, manifesting as mucosal lesions. This emphasises the role of a detailed examination of the whole mouth. Because of the lack of adherence to proper hygiene is a risk factor for fungal infection, it is crucial to educate both seniors and care staff regarding proper oral hygiene.

The present study sought to investigate the effects of chronic prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on nociceptive responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli in rats. The Von Frey and Hot Plate tests were employed to assess the nociceptive responses of 10 control rats and 7 experimental rats whose mothers had been administered ethanol from day 5 to day 20 of gestation. In healthy animals, a decrease in pain sensitivity was observed between days 28 and 70, which was not observed in the experimental group. The findings also indicated that rats with PAE exhibited diminished sensitivity to nociceptive stimuli during the early postnatal period, as evidenced by a higher threshold response to mechanical stimuli at day 28 than in the control group. However, those observations did not apply to thermal stimuli. It appears that this may be a result of distinctiveness in neural pain pathways for particular stimuli at the receptor or ion channel level, while a disruption in the equilibrium between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems may be a contributing factor. The results of this study highlight a critical aspect of the harmful systemic effects of alcohol, while also underscoring the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, including the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the serotonergic system in modulating pain responses in individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide, with 1.9 million new cases reported annually. Notwithstanding the progress made in the field of therapeutic modalities and the advent of early diagnosis, CRC continues to represent the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The interactions between cancer cells and enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons are of great importance for the prevention and/or progression of CRC. Dietary factors play an important role in regulating both processes. The consumption of foods rich in polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, and the use of probiotics has been shown to promote proper ENS function, which in turn has been demonstrated to indirectly inhibit the development or progression of CRC. Conversely, a diet comprising a high proportion of saturated fats and refined sugars can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, which exacerbates the disease. Nutritional education and dietary modifications can reduce the incidence of new cases of CRC and improve prognosis. Further research into the potential anti- or pro-cancer effects of food substances is recommended.

Orthopantomography (OPG) is a routine imaging method in dental practice and an essential di- agnostic tool in dentistry. However, OPGs are challenging to interpret due to many overlapping structures. Graduates of dental schools should be aware of image distortions caused by various factors and be able to distinguish them from typical structures to make an accurate diagnosis. The aim was to determine the correlation between the knowledge regarding the location of craniofacial structures of the 1st through 3rd- year dental students and the ability to recognized them on OPGs. The study was conducted in 2021 on 131 dental students using the Microsoft Teams program. Each participant had to determine the location of 4 anthropometric points on 4 OPGs. Using proprietary software, the authors determined the Articular angle between them. The researchers performed the statistical analysis. The Bioethics Committee approved the research. The results of students from particular years of studies did not show statistical significance. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females. Only the answers from third-year male students regarding the one Articular angle showed statistically significant differences compared to the rest of the participants. Recognizing joint structures on OPG is very important from the clinical point of view, although it is often overlooked in diagnostics. Students in the first years of dental school acquire the ability to assess and analyze TMJ on OPGs properly. OPGs have many advantages, including high availability, low cost and low radiation dose. In conclusion we can say that in the first three years of studies, dental students' image assessment skills in the craniofacial radiology field remain the same.

Glaucoma is a disease that leads to optic nerve damage and irreversible loss of the visual field. Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery technique, where the surgeon opens the trabecular network and Schlemm's canal to improve the outflow of the aqueous humor. This method has shown efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure in patients with primary and secondary glaucoma. GATT has gained popularity due to its minimally invasive nature, compatibility with cataract surgery and relatively low cost. Despite its advantages, the procedure can be associated with many complications such as hyphema, intraocular pressure spikes and corneal edema. In rare cases, it can lead to Descemet's membrane detachment or cystoid macular edema. The success of GATT procedure mostly depends on the surgeon's skill and experience, but also on the patient's risk factors, including age and preoperative intraocular pressure levels. Further studies are required to understand long outcomes and identify the patients, who may be at higher risk of complications.

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is defined histologically by the presence of granulation tissue within alveolar ducts and alveoli. Recently, several lymphoid neoplasms have been implicated as a risk factor for OP, however, OP as a primary manifestation of malignancy transformation has not been widely reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of a patient with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who presented with weight loss, low-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates revealed in imaging studies. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy showed CLL cells within the pulmonary vessels and areas of OP in the lung parenchyma. Subsequent lymph nodes biopsies were consistent with CLL transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of OP associated with CLL transformation into DLBCL. This case suggests that OP could represent a form of immunological reaction to ongoing Richter transformation.