Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52635/eamr/12.2.176-186
Gahin A. Taib, Rezheen F. Abdulrahman
{"title":"Molecular characterization of virulence and antibiotics resistance genes and genetic diversity of Salmonella enteritidis from raw chicken meat in Duhok city, Iraq","authors":"Gahin A. Taib, Rezheen F. Abdulrahman","doi":"10.52635/eamr/12.2.176-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/12.2.176-186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12112,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Animal and Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49607000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52635/eamr/12.2.128-133
S. Pattanayak
{"title":"Plastics and their additives reached the blood and tissue spaces: what are the possible consequences?","authors":"S. Pattanayak","doi":"10.52635/eamr/12.2.128-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/12.2.128-133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12112,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Animal and Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44953188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52635/eamr/12.2.285-288
R. Velusamy, P. Anbarasi, G. Ponnudurai
{"title":"Detection of cutaneous form of bovine tropical theileriosis in crossbred cows in Tamilnadu, India","authors":"R. Velusamy, P. Anbarasi, G. Ponnudurai","doi":"10.52635/eamr/12.2.285-288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/12.2.285-288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12112,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Animal and Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45595810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52635/eamr/12.2.277-280
A. Bisla, Nakul Gulia, M. Honparkhe, Ajeet Kumar
{"title":"First report on uterine intussusception as a cause of dystocia in German shepherd dog","authors":"A. Bisla, Nakul Gulia, M. Honparkhe, Ajeet Kumar","doi":"10.52635/eamr/12.2.277-280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/12.2.277-280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12112,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Animal and Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45165066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52635/eamr/12.2.167-175
N. A. Kader, P. Hussain, D. Bora, R. Hazarika, S. Das, S. Tamuly, S. Sonowal, S. N. Abedin, S. A. Arif, P. Hazarika
{"title":"A study on seroprevelence and risk factors of bovine leptospirosis in lower Assam, India","authors":"N. A. Kader, P. Hussain, D. Bora, R. Hazarika, S. Das, S. Tamuly, S. Sonowal, S. N. Abedin, S. A. Arif, P. Hazarika","doi":"10.52635/eamr/12.2.167-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/12.2.167-175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12112,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Animal and Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45237220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52635/eamr/12.2.160-166
G. Jain, Rajni Verma, A. Chougule, Bharti Singh
{"title":"Raman spectroscopy study of healthy and cancerous human breast tissue for cancer detection","authors":"G. Jain, Rajni Verma, A. Chougule, Bharti Singh","doi":"10.52635/eamr/12.2.160-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/12.2.160-166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12112,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Animal and Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43587895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.52635/eamr/12.1.33-45
Doaa Shahat Hassan, G. Rakha, S. Mousa, R. Korany
: The present study was planned to evaluate the clinical, hematological, biochemical, ultrasonographic, and histopathological alterations in kidneys and other organs in dogs injected with gentamicin. Six mongrel dogs were experimentally injected I/M with gentamicin by 20 mg/kg BW daily till the appearance of renal failure signs. Blood samples were collected before and after induction (on day 9 and day 12). Hematological results revealed a non-significant decrease in hemoglobin and RBC’s, a significant decrease in hematocrit values in both days, a non-significant increase in TLC at day 12 but a non-significant decrease at day 9, a significant increase in non-segmented neutrophil at day 9 but non-significant decrease at day 12, non-significant decrease in lymphocyte at day 9 but non-significant increase at day 12, a significant increase in monocyte at day 9 but non-significant decrease at day 12. Biochemical results revealed significant increase in urea and creatinine at day 12, non-significant increase at day 9. Urinalysis results indicated an increase in leukocyte, albumin, glucose, pus cells and RBCs. Urine culture revealed isolates of E.coli , Proteus and Staphylococcus bacteria. Ultrasonographic results showed increased echogenicity of renal cortex with loss of corticomedullary junction at day 9. At day 12 ultrasonographic results revealed intensive hyper-echogenicity of renal cortex, increased echogenicity of the right renal cortex as compared with spleen, and the renal cortex of right kidney appeared more hyperechoic when compared with liver. Histopathological examination of kidneys showed different degenerative changes, hemorrhages, nephritis, and other organs revealed degeneration, inflammation and hemorrhages. The findings indicted that despite the therapeutic effect of gentamicin in treating the kidney infection, it may have an adverse effect on kidneys and other organs especially with massive doses.
{"title":"Evaluation of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in canine: clinical, hematological, biochemical, ultrasonographic and histopathological findings","authors":"Doaa Shahat Hassan, G. Rakha, S. Mousa, R. Korany","doi":"10.52635/eamr/12.1.33-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/12.1.33-45","url":null,"abstract":": The present study was planned to evaluate the clinical, hematological, biochemical, ultrasonographic, and histopathological alterations in kidneys and other organs in dogs injected with gentamicin. Six mongrel dogs were experimentally injected I/M with gentamicin by 20 mg/kg BW daily till the appearance of renal failure signs. Blood samples were collected before and after induction (on day 9 and day 12). Hematological results revealed a non-significant decrease in hemoglobin and RBC’s, a significant decrease in hematocrit values in both days, a non-significant increase in TLC at day 12 but a non-significant decrease at day 9, a significant increase in non-segmented neutrophil at day 9 but non-significant decrease at day 12, non-significant decrease in lymphocyte at day 9 but non-significant increase at day 12, a significant increase in monocyte at day 9 but non-significant decrease at day 12. Biochemical results revealed significant increase in urea and creatinine at day 12, non-significant increase at day 9. Urinalysis results indicated an increase in leukocyte, albumin, glucose, pus cells and RBCs. Urine culture revealed isolates of E.coli , Proteus and Staphylococcus bacteria. Ultrasonographic results showed increased echogenicity of renal cortex with loss of corticomedullary junction at day 9. At day 12 ultrasonographic results revealed intensive hyper-echogenicity of renal cortex, increased echogenicity of the right renal cortex as compared with spleen, and the renal cortex of right kidney appeared more hyperechoic when compared with liver. Histopathological examination of kidneys showed different degenerative changes, hemorrhages, nephritis, and other organs revealed degeneration, inflammation and hemorrhages. The findings indicted that despite the therapeutic effect of gentamicin in treating the kidney infection, it may have an adverse effect on kidneys and other organs especially with massive doses.","PeriodicalId":12112,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Animal and Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44158779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.52635/eamr/12.1.69-73
S. Parthiban, J. Kirubaharan, A. Ramesh, M. Vidhya, S. Rajalakshmi, R. Rajasekaran, A. Thangavelu
: Newcastle disease (ND) remains the most significant disease of poultry sector and contributes to huge economic loss. Early detection and pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus associated with field infection are highly crucial. In vivo pathogenicity assaying is sensitive and specific pathotyping tool used for detection and identification of NDV used until the recent past. Genome based sequence analysis yields promising results in virulence determination. Keeping the above facts, the present study was designed to compare the efficacy of conventional and molecular assays in NDV virulence determination. In this study twelve NDV isolates (Isolate numbers 463, 464, 475, 476, 122-17C, 122-17D, 122-17E, 128-17A, 128-17D, 137, 139, 141) available in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Madras Veterinary College (MVC), Chennai was subjected for differentiation of virulent and avirulent strains using mean death time (MDT) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated eggs and TaqMan minor groove binding (MGB) probe real-time PCR assay. Pathotyping based on the MDT revealed two NDV isolates (isolate no. 476 and 128-17D) as velogenic strains and the remaining ten NDV isolates as lentogenic strains. Pathotyping based on TaqMan MGB probe real-time PCR assay revealed six NDV isolates (476, 128-17D, 463, 464, 475, 137) as velogenic/mesogenic strains and remaining six NDV isolates (122-17C, 122-17D, 122-17E 128-17A, 139, 141) as lentogenic strains. Using a TaqMan MGB probe real-time PCR assay, four NDV isolates (463, 464, 475, 137) which were MDT pathotyped as lentogenic strains were re-pathotyped as velogenic/mesogenic strains, which indicates the greater sensitivity of TaqMan MGB probe real-time PCR assay in pathotyping of NDV over conventional MDT.
{"title":"Pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus by mean death time and real-time PCR assay: an empirical comparison","authors":"S. Parthiban, J. Kirubaharan, A. Ramesh, M. Vidhya, S. Rajalakshmi, R. Rajasekaran, A. Thangavelu","doi":"10.52635/eamr/12.1.69-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/12.1.69-73","url":null,"abstract":": Newcastle disease (ND) remains the most significant disease of poultry sector and contributes to huge economic loss. Early detection and pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus associated with field infection are highly crucial. In vivo pathogenicity assaying is sensitive and specific pathotyping tool used for detection and identification of NDV used until the recent past. Genome based sequence analysis yields promising results in virulence determination. Keeping the above facts, the present study was designed to compare the efficacy of conventional and molecular assays in NDV virulence determination. In this study twelve NDV isolates (Isolate numbers 463, 464, 475, 476, 122-17C, 122-17D, 122-17E, 128-17A, 128-17D, 137, 139, 141) available in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Madras Veterinary College (MVC), Chennai was subjected for differentiation of virulent and avirulent strains using mean death time (MDT) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated eggs and TaqMan minor groove binding (MGB) probe real-time PCR assay. Pathotyping based on the MDT revealed two NDV isolates (isolate no. 476 and 128-17D) as velogenic strains and the remaining ten NDV isolates as lentogenic strains. Pathotyping based on TaqMan MGB probe real-time PCR assay revealed six NDV isolates (476, 128-17D, 463, 464, 475, 137) as velogenic/mesogenic strains and remaining six NDV isolates (122-17C, 122-17D, 122-17E 128-17A, 139, 141) as lentogenic strains. Using a TaqMan MGB probe real-time PCR assay, four NDV isolates (463, 464, 475, 137) which were MDT pathotyped as lentogenic strains were re-pathotyped as velogenic/mesogenic strains, which indicates the greater sensitivity of TaqMan MGB probe real-time PCR assay in pathotyping of NDV over conventional MDT.","PeriodicalId":12112,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Animal and Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45095658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.52635/eamr/12.1.124-127
Hardeep Kalkal, S. Vohra
: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of currently used anthelmintics in organized central breeding sheep farm (CSBF) in Hisar, Haryana using faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). A total of 60 sheep were chosen for this study and divided equally into four groups. Sheep were tested with closantel (@10mg/kg body weight) and two derivatives of macrocyclic lactone, moxidectin and doramectin (@0.2mg/kg body weight) while the control group did not receive any treatment. Sheep were naturally infected with gastro-intestinal nematodes and having EPG of faeces more than 150 counts before treatment were selected. Rectal faecal samples were collected on zero (pre-treatment) and 14th day (post-treatment) from animals of all groups and EPG of faeces were carried out by modified McMaster technique. In FECRT, reduction of faecal egg count (FEC) of less than 95%, indicate anthelmintic resistance (AR) in one or more nematode genera for the given anthelmintic. Per cent of FEC on 14 th day revealed that closantel, moxidectin and doramectin had 64%, 69% and 76% efficacy, respectively. Coprocultures from pre- and post-treated sheep revealed predominance Haemonchus contortus larvae. The result indicated development of moderate anthelmintic resistance against three anthelmintics, leading to change of anthelminthic drugs and regular monitoring for possible anthelmintic resistance in the
{"title":"Detection of moderate anthelmintic resistance in Clostantel and Macrocyclic lactone in organized central sheep breeding farm of Haryana, India","authors":"Hardeep Kalkal, S. Vohra","doi":"10.52635/eamr/12.1.124-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/12.1.124-127","url":null,"abstract":": This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of currently used anthelmintics in organized central breeding sheep farm (CSBF) in Hisar, Haryana using faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). A total of 60 sheep were chosen for this study and divided equally into four groups. Sheep were tested with closantel (@10mg/kg body weight) and two derivatives of macrocyclic lactone, moxidectin and doramectin (@0.2mg/kg body weight) while the control group did not receive any treatment. Sheep were naturally infected with gastro-intestinal nematodes and having EPG of faeces more than 150 counts before treatment were selected. Rectal faecal samples were collected on zero (pre-treatment) and 14th day (post-treatment) from animals of all groups and EPG of faeces were carried out by modified McMaster technique. In FECRT, reduction of faecal egg count (FEC) of less than 95%, indicate anthelmintic resistance (AR) in one or more nematode genera for the given anthelmintic. Per cent of FEC on 14 th day revealed that closantel, moxidectin and doramectin had 64%, 69% and 76% efficacy, respectively. Coprocultures from pre- and post-treated sheep revealed predominance Haemonchus contortus larvae. The result indicated development of moderate anthelmintic resistance against three anthelmintics, leading to change of anthelminthic drugs and regular monitoring for possible anthelmintic resistance in the","PeriodicalId":12112,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Animal and Medical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70742264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.52635/eamr/12.1.99-108
P. S, R. A., A. K. Karuppannan, D. G, H. S., J. J, P. M, S. K, B. D, S. R., R. S., C. Ravishankar
: Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the emerging viral pathogen in the swine associated with multi-systemic clinical and subclinical outcomes. This study aimed to detect molecular and serological prevalence of PCV2 infection from southern states of India. A total of 434 random samples comprising of serum (n=273), pooled postmortem tissues (n=109) and rectal, vaginal and nasal swabs (n=52) and were collected from PCV2 suspected and healthy swine populations of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Puducherry states in India during 2019 to 2021 were screened for PCV2 by specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Of 434 samples screened, 12.2% (n=53) showed positivity to PCV2 genome. Statistical analysis of molecular prevalence of PCV2 within breed, age, sex and vaccination status revealed no significant (p>0.05) difference but there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the prevalence of PCV2 among healthy and suspected swine populations. Suspected pigs had significantly higher prevalence of PCV2 in comparison to healthy. ELISA based PCV2 antibody screening in 176 non-vaccinated serum samples revealed sero-positivity of 44.8% (n=79). The molecular and seroprevalence of PCV2 is alarming in southern states of India, which necessitates the need for genotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis and development of candidate vaccine for implementation of suitable prevention and control measures.
{"title":"Molecular prevalence of Porcine Circovirus 2 infection: foremost report in Southern states of India","authors":"P. S, R. A., A. K. Karuppannan, D. G, H. S., J. J, P. M, S. K, B. D, S. R., R. S., C. Ravishankar","doi":"10.52635/eamr/12.1.99-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/12.1.99-108","url":null,"abstract":": Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the emerging viral pathogen in the swine associated with multi-systemic clinical and subclinical outcomes. This study aimed to detect molecular and serological prevalence of PCV2 infection from southern states of India. A total of 434 random samples comprising of serum (n=273), pooled postmortem tissues (n=109) and rectal, vaginal and nasal swabs (n=52) and were collected from PCV2 suspected and healthy swine populations of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Puducherry states in India during 2019 to 2021 were screened for PCV2 by specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Of 434 samples screened, 12.2% (n=53) showed positivity to PCV2 genome. Statistical analysis of molecular prevalence of PCV2 within breed, age, sex and vaccination status revealed no significant (p>0.05) difference but there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the prevalence of PCV2 among healthy and suspected swine populations. Suspected pigs had significantly higher prevalence of PCV2 in comparison to healthy. ELISA based PCV2 antibody screening in 176 non-vaccinated serum samples revealed sero-positivity of 44.8% (n=79). The molecular and seroprevalence of PCV2 is alarming in southern states of India, which necessitates the need for genotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis and development of candidate vaccine for implementation of suitable prevention and control measures.","PeriodicalId":12112,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Animal and Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45705481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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