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2016 6th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC)最新文献

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Prediction of electric motor performance by in-line testing of permanent excited rotors 永激转子在线测试预测电机性能
Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2016.7851318
S. Abersfelder, A. Meyer, A. Heyder, Marius Thanner, J. Franke
The market growth of electric drives is pushed forward due to high coercive magnet material and new, more efficient motor designs. These new designs require only small tolerances within the whole manufacturing process. While quality assurance is well established within the stator manufacturing process, the rotor assembly process suffers from lack of testing. Hence, this gap causes rejects not detected until the end-of-line-test of the whole motor, measuring especially the back electromotive force (BEMF) and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output signal. To avoid rejects of whole motors at the end of the value chain, this paper presents the possibilities delivered by in-line magnetic field measuring of the rotor. Therefore, different testing methods, such as a commercial available monolithic hall array and a discrete hall line array are used and evaluated. Out of these measurement series a rotor KPI is defined in order to evaluate the rotor quality right after the measurement.
由于高矫顽力磁铁材料和新的,更高效的电机设计,电驱动的市场增长向前推进。这些新设计在整个制造过程中只需要很小的公差。虽然质量保证在定子制造过程中得到了很好的建立,但转子装配过程却缺乏测试。因此,这个间隙导致直到整个电机的线路末端测试才检测到废品,特别是测量输出信号的反电动势(BEMF)和总谐波失真(THD)。为了避免整个电机在价值链末端的拒绝,本文提出了转子在线磁场测量的可能性。因此,不同的测试方法,如商业上可用的单片霍尔阵列和离散霍尔线阵列被使用和评估。在这些测量系列中,定义了转子KPI,以便在测量后立即评估转子质量。
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引用次数: 3
Planning approach for a changeable multi model assembly system 可变多模型装配系统的规划方法
Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2016.7851336
Johannes Fisel, G. Lanza
The overall market trend depicts an increasing demand for electric or hybrid vehicles. This demand cannot be predicted precisely because of volatile influencing factors. Automotive companies are therefore confronted with the challenge of rapidly adapting their production systems accordingly. An approach to handle the variety of models within final assembly is to establish mixed model assembly lines. The subsequent integration of vehicles using alternative propulsion concepts into single model assembly lines stands as a great challenge in final assembly. Within this paper, an approach for the greenfield planning of assembly lines using the concept of changeability is presented. The approach focusses on the integration of a new propulsion concept in an existing assembly line. Hereto, the line allocation problem is solved for a fixed production volume ratio using an optimization algorithm. Thereafter, the production volume ratios are varied in order to identify an optimal solution for line balancing and assembly equipment.
整体市场趋势显示,对电动或混合动力汽车的需求正在增加。由于影响因素不稳定,这种需求无法精确预测。因此,汽车公司面临着相应地快速调整其生产系统的挑战。建立混合模型装配线是处理最终装配中各种模型的一种方法。随后将采用替代推进概念的车辆整合到单一车型装配线中,是最终组装的一大挑战。本文提出了一种基于可变性概念的装配线绿地规划方法。该方法侧重于在现有装配线中集成新的推进概念。在此基础上,采用优化算法解决了固定产量比下的生产线分配问题。然后,为了确定生产线平衡和装配设备的最佳解决方案,生产体积比变化。
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引用次数: 2
Experimental and numerical analysis of the modal behavior of squirrel cage rotors 鼠笼式转子模态特性的实验与数值分析
Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2016.7851334
Johannes Grosshauser
This paper presents a parameter fitting process for dynamic FE models of squirrel cage rotors. The process is based on an experimental database and considers statistical approaches for the parameter sensitivity analyses of FE models. Parameters are optimized using evolutionary optimization algorithms. The quality of results is checked using the database and extended experimental investigations carried out on special test benches. Derived from this it can be shown that the FE model is also a good fit for calculation the strength within squirrel cage.
本文介绍了鼠笼转子动力学有限元模型的参数拟合过程。该过程以实验数据库为基础,并考虑了有限元模型参数敏感性分析的统计方法。采用进化优化算法对参数进行优化。结果的质量是通过数据库和在特殊试验台进行的扩展实验调查来检查的。由此可以看出,有限元模型也可以很好地适用于计算鼠笼内部的强度。
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引用次数: 2
Quantification of the influence of varying electrode shapes and materials on the thermo-crimping process of standardized tubular cable lugs 量化不同电极形状和材料对标准化管状电缆耳热压过程的影响
Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2016.7851313
S. Spreng, Tobias Glaessel, Johannes Muselmann, Marina Wörrlein, J. Franke
The main joining task in the field of electric drives production is to connect bundles of insulated copper wires with standardized tubular cable lugs, as this connection alternative is widely used in all types of different electrical stator varieties. Implementing this process in industrial production facilities, the thermo-crimping technology is widely used. Within this technique, the insulation is thermally destroyed, while coincidently, the tubular cable lug and the inlying skinned copper wires are deformed plastically, which generates a force fit crimp-connection. The thermo-crimping process features strong production-related benefits such as short tact times, high process reliabilities as well as an easy process handling. The severe disadvantage however has to be seen within the electrode wearing, as the crimping tools are simultaneously exposed to high pressures and temperatures of at least 600 C reducing an electrode's number of possible crimping routines to at most 1500. As a consequence, especially in serial production, excessive maintenance efforts have to be taken into account, strongly reducing the production efficiency. For this purpose, the institute FAPS focuses its research on the reduction of tool wearing. Beginning with a theoretical process analysis, different tool shapes and materials are compared experimentally considering both, the joint quality and the electrode wearing. Subsequently, regression models are introduced predicting static quality properties such as tensile forces and transition resistances. Finally, the proposed model is validated by applying the found formula to different cable lug sizes.
在电力驱动生产领域的主要连接任务是将绝缘铜线束与标准化管状电缆耳连接起来,因为这种连接方法广泛应用于各种类型的不同电气定子品种。在工业生产设施中实现这一过程,热压接技术得到了广泛的应用。在这种技术中,绝缘被热破坏,同时管状电缆耳和内嵌的剥皮铜线发生塑性变形,从而产生力配合卷曲连接。热压接工艺具有强大的生产相关优势,如短的接触时间,高的工艺可靠性以及简单的工艺处理。然而,严重的缺点必须在电极磨损中看到,因为压接工具同时暴露在高压和至少600摄氏度的温度下,将电极可能的压接程序数量减少到最多1500次。因此,特别是在批量生产中,必须考虑到过度的维护工作,这大大降低了生产效率。为此,FAPS研究所将其研究重点放在减少刀具磨损上。从理论过程分析入手,对不同刀具形状和材料进行了实验比较,同时考虑了接头质量和电极磨损。随后,引入回归模型预测静态质量特性,如拉力和过渡阻力。最后,将所建立的模型应用于不同尺寸的电缆耳上进行了验证。
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引用次数: 4
Methods for hysteresis losses determinations at non-standard ring core geometries equivalent to Epstein measurements 等效于爱泼斯坦测量的非标准环形磁芯几何结构的迟滞损耗测定方法
Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2016.7851325
Abdullah Kahveci, P. Szary, Florian Herget, A. Putri, K. Hameyer
The iron losses in electrical machines differ significantly from those of measurements using the standardized measurement method, i.e. by use of an Epstein frame. In order to obtain a better approximation of the losses in an electrical machine, several toroidal geometries were examined more closely. In the first step, according to the standardized method, a ring-geometry was chosen, which corresponds to the magnetic path length of the Epstein frame. Starting from this reference ring and by gradual reduction of the diameter, further ring cores were measured. Within this framework, different methods were used, in which e.g. the influence of axial height, length of the cutting edge relative to the area or the ratio of outer and inner diameter was investigated. In addition to the measurements, numerical calculations were performed. Here, the focus lies on the exploration of the field density distribution over the ring width with respect to the various methods. Taking into account for those processing effects with the highest impact, the smallest geometries of each method and the largest ring, acting as a reference, were studied in detail. The investigations on the toroidal cores of the methods were carried out at a frequency of 400 Hz and a target minimum polarization of 1.0 T. As a final outcome, a recalculation of an existing machine with the new parameters of a selected ring nucleus was done.
电机中的铁损耗与使用标准化测量方法(即使用爱泼斯坦框架)的测量结果有很大不同。为了更好地近似计算电机中的损耗,对几种环形几何形状进行了更仔细的研究。第一步,根据标准化方法,选择与爱泼斯坦框架的磁路长度相对应的环形几何形状。从这个参考环开始,通过逐渐减小直径,进一步测量环芯。在这个框架内,使用了不同的方法,例如轴向高度、相对于面积的切削刃长度或外径和内径的比例的影响进行了研究。除了测量外,还进行了数值计算。在这里,重点在于探索相对于各种方法在环宽度上的场密度分布。考虑到影响最大的加工效果,每种方法的最小几何形状和最大环作为参考,进行了详细研究。在频率为400 Hz,目标最小极化为1.0 t的条件下,对这些方法的环形核进行了研究。最后,用选定的环形核的新参数对现有机器进行了重新计算。
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引用次数: 11
Concept for a virtual process data linkage of assembly stations and a dynamic envelope curve for process monitoring 装配站的虚拟过程数据链接和过程监控的动态包络曲线的概念
Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2016.7851338
Christian Sand, Moritz Meiners, J. Daberkow, J. Franke
Industrial manufacturing and assembly aim to realize a wide range of product variance at high quality standards. [7] The fabrication processes are commonly organized as workshop production or chained production systems, besides standalone machines. [3][4] A lot of process data is generated by every single machine, yet it is hardly used for process optimization. Depending on the manufacturing IT, process data of series production is stored within databases optimized for traceability, whereas standalone machines and machines within workshop production are usually not connected to a common database. The required process data is either stored on the assembly machine itself or inside a local database. [9] The identification of interdependences of each single assembly process and the quality of the finished good is necessary for advanced optimization. Due to the decentralized process data storage, data mining analysis is taking a huge amount of time to find and prepare the process and quality data, especially in workshop production. To enable process monitoring and holistic optimization based on data mining methods in workshop production, a methodology is required to extract, transform and store process data like pressing curves and quality data. Therefore, this paper provides a concept for a virtual process data linkage of assembly stations to enable data mining inside workshop production, which is also able to cope with chained production systems and standalone machines. For further analysis of interdependencies of assembly presses, a dynamic envelope curve is developed for advanced monitoring and optimization as novel methodology.
工业制造和装配的目标是在高质量标准下实现大范围的产品差异。[7]除了独立的机器外,制造过程通常组织为车间生产或链式生产系统。[3][4]每台机器都会产生大量的工艺数据,但这些数据很少用于工艺优化。根据制造IT的不同,批量生产的过程数据存储在针对可追溯性进行优化的数据库中,而车间生产中的独立机器和机器通常不连接到公共数据库。所需的过程数据要么存储在组装机器本身,要么存储在本地数据库中。[9]确定每个装配过程和成品质量之间的相互依赖关系是进行高级优化的必要条件。由于过程数据存储的分散,数据挖掘分析需要花费大量的时间来查找和准备过程和质量数据,特别是在车间生产中。为了在车间生产中实现基于数据挖掘方法的过程监控和整体优化,需要一种方法来提取、转换和存储冲压曲线和质量数据等过程数据。因此,本文提出了一个装配站虚拟过程数据链接的概念,以实现车间生产内部的数据挖掘,也能够应对链式生产系统和独立机器。为了进一步分析装配压力机的相互依赖性,开发了一种动态包络曲线,用于先进的监测和优化。
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引用次数: 5
Sensitivity analysis on tolerance induced torque fluctuation of a synchronous machine 同步电机容差诱导转矩波动的敏感性分析
Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2016.7851324
Markus Balluff, Hristian Naumoski, K. Hameyer
The manufacturing process of electrical machines influences the geometric dimensions and material properties, e.g. the yoke thickness. These influences occur by statistical variation as manufacturing tolerances. The effect of these tolerances and their potential impact on the mechanical torque output is not fully studied up to now. This paper conducts a sensitivity analysis for geometric and material parameters. For the general approach these parameters are varied uniformly in a range of 10 %. Two dimensional finite element analysis is used to simulate the influences at three characteristic operating points. The studied object is an internal permanent magnet machine in the 100 kW range used for hybrid drive applications. The results show a significant dependency on the rotational speed. The general validity is studied by using boundary condition variations and two further machine designs. This procedure offers the comparison of matching qualitative results for small quantitative deviations. For detecting the impact of the manufacturing process realistic tolerance ranges are used. This investigation identifies the airgap and magnet remanence induction as the main parameters for potential torque fluctuation.
电机的制造过程影响几何尺寸和材料特性,例如轭架厚度。这些影响是通过制造公差的统计变化产生的。这些公差的影响及其对机械扭矩输出的潜在影响目前还没有得到充分的研究。本文对几何参数和材料参数进行了敏感性分析。对于一般方法,这些参数在10%的范围内均匀变化。采用二维有限元分析模拟了三个特征工作点的影响。所研究的对象是用于混合驱动应用的100千瓦范围内的内部永磁机器。结果表明,转速对其有显著的依赖性。通过边界条件的变化和两种进一步的机器设计来研究一般有效性。这个程序提供了小的定量偏差匹配定性结果的比较。为了检测制造过程的影响,使用了实际的公差范围。研究结果表明,气隙和磁体剩余感是影响电机转矩波动的主要参数。
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引用次数: 4
Effect of stress relief annealing temperature and atmosphere on the microstructure and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steels 去应力退火温度和气氛对无取向电工钢组织和磁性能的影响
Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2016.7851344
June-Soo Park, Jong-Tae Park
Non-oriented electrical steels are widely used as core material of electrical machinery such as motors and generators. Manufacturing process such as punching and shearing is needed to produce the core with non-oriented electrical steels, but the stress induced unavoidably during the manufacturing process makes the magnetic property of core is severely deteriorated. Stress relief annealing treatment, therefore, is commonly applied to remove the harmful effect of internal residual stress in the processed core. In this paper, the effect of stress relief annealing temperature and atmosphere on microstructure and magnetic properties of fully processed non-oriented electrical steels with different grades were investigated. Cut samples were prepared by shearing and submitted to stress relief annealing with various temperature (650∼850°C) and H2 gas ratio in atmosphere (0∼30%). It was found that core loss of sample is improved as temperature increases from 650 to 850°C, while the magnetic flux density is deteriorated with increase of annealing temperature. Decrease of core loss was reasoned by grain size coarsening and shows some different tendency between samples, while decrease of magnetic flux density was caused by texture changes with annealing temperature. Increase of annealing temperature makes the coating layer is damaged and oxide layer is formed at interface between coating layer and parent metal. Increase of H2 gas ratio in annealing atmosphere also affects the magnetic properties weekly by formation of internal oxides.
无取向电工钢被广泛用作电机、发电机等电机的芯材。用无取向电工钢生产铁芯需要经过冲孔、剪切等加工过程,但在加工过程中不可避免地产生应力,使铁芯的磁性能严重恶化。因此,通常采用去应力退火处理来消除被加工铁芯内部残余应力的有害影响。本文研究了去应力退火温度和气氛对不同牌号全加工无取向电工钢组织和磁性能的影响。采用剪切法制备切削样品,并在不同温度(650 ~ 850℃)和大气中H2气体比(0 ~ 30%)下进行去应力退火。结果表明,在650 ~ 850℃温度范围内,试样的磁芯损耗随退火温度的升高而改善,磁通密度随退火温度的升高而恶化。磁芯损耗的降低是由晶粒尺寸的粗化引起的,且在不同样品之间表现出不同的趋势,而磁芯磁通密度的降低是由织构随退火温度的变化引起的。退火温度的升高使涂层破坏,在涂层与母材界面处形成氧化层。退火气氛中H2气体比的增加也会通过形成内部氧化物而影响磁性能。
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引用次数: 8
Towards an inline quick reaction system for actuator manufacturing using data mining 基于数据挖掘的致动器制造在线快速反应系统研究
Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2016.7851317
Christian Sand, Sabrina Kunz, Henning Hubbert, J. Franke
Large-scale production lines aim to realize 0 ppm defects. This is getting more and more complicated, due to all the so far achieved process optimizations. However, our research showed that a huge amount of unpredictable disturbance variables influences production systems, which promote defects. Here, the modelling of every single influence like temperature, machine condition, tool wear and quality of supplied parts is almost impossible, regarding a fully automated assembly line for actuators. Yet conventional methods for process optimization like Six Sigma, Kaizen, etc. usually focus on single processes and are not suited for quick reactions when disturbances occur during manufacture. Therefore, we created and evaluated a novel method based on data mining. To speed up failure detection, process data and testing results as well as batch information and new methods are required. This paper introduces an inline anomaly detection system to automatically highlight critical conditions with very low delay. Here, three independent systems analyze the data in order to detect jumps and outliers of process values and to find an anomalous distribution of defective parts within processes. For further investigations of detected malicious conditions an efficient root cause analysis for a whole production line including assembly and quality processes is introduced, which uses clustering and decision trees. Based on the detected anomalies of the system, we propose cluster algorithms to discover complex combinations of malicious process influences on the quality of the final product.
大规模生产线的目标是实现0 ppm缺陷。由于迄今为止实现的所有流程优化,这变得越来越复杂。然而,我们的研究表明,大量不可预测的干扰变量会影响生产系统,从而导致缺陷的产生。在这里,对于执行器的全自动装配线,几乎不可能对温度、机器状态、工具磨损和供应零件的质量等每一个单一影响进行建模。然而,传统的工艺优化方法,如六西格玛、改善等,通常侧重于单一工艺,不适合在制造过程中发生干扰时的快速反应。因此,我们创建并评估了一种基于数据挖掘的新方法。为了加速故障检测,需要过程数据和测试结果以及批次信息和新方法。本文介绍了一种内联异常检测系统,能以极低的延迟自动突出关键条件。在这里,三个独立的系统分析数据,以检测过程值的跳跃和异常值,并找到过程中缺陷部件的异常分布。为了进一步调查检测到的恶意条件,介绍了一种有效的包括装配和质量过程在内的整条生产线的根本原因分析方法,该方法使用聚类和决策树。基于检测到的系统异常,我们提出了聚类算法来发现影响最终产品质量的恶意过程的复杂组合。
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引用次数: 5
Developing ultra premium efficiency (IE5 class) magnet-free synchronous reluctance motor 开发超高效(IE5级)无磁同步磁阻电动机
Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2016.7851306
V. Dmitrievskii, V. Prakht, V. Kazakbaev, S. Oshurbekov, I. Sokolov
This paper describes some aspects of the mathematical modeling and the experimental study of the magnet-free synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) of IE5 efficiency class (rated power is 750 W, rated speed is 3000 rpm, rated efficiency is 89.5%). The proposed mathematical model allows minimizing the number of the boundary problems which is to be solved and allows calculating power, losses, torque waveform etc. Also the results of experimental comparison of the IE5 magnet-free SynRM prototype and the serially produced magnet-free SynRM of IE4 efficiency class (rated power is 750 W, rated speed is 3000 rpm, rated efficiency is 85.6%) are presented.
本文介绍了IE5效率级(额定功率为750w,额定转速为3000rpm,额定效率为89.5%)无磁同步磁阻电动机(SynRM)的数学建模和实验研究的一些方面。所提出的数学模型可以最大限度地减少待解边界问题的数量,并可以计算功率、损耗、转矩波形等。并对IE5无磁SynRM样机与IE4效率等级(额定功率750 W,额定转速3000转/分,额定效率85.6%)的批量生产的无磁SynRM进行了实验比较。
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引用次数: 22
期刊
2016 6th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC)
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