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Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of anorexia nervosa - novel targets to break a vicious cycle. 治疗神经性厌食症的药物治疗策略--打破恶性循环的新目标。
IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2424316
Millie C Kirchberg, Claire Pinson, Guido K W Frank

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) has one of the highest mortality rates of all mental illnesses. No approved pharmacological treatments exist for AN, but novel neurobiological targets show promise.

Areas covered: Studies show that in individuals with AN, there are alterations in brain neurotransmitter signaling, alongside associated mental rigidity and comorbid anxiety and depression. Available and new therapies could be used to improve alterations in neurobiology and behavior. This narrative review serves as a review of previously published literature assessing the efficacy of traditional pharmacotherapy in treating AN while also exploring novel treatments, including dissociative anesthetics, psychedelics, cannabinoids, hormones, neurosteroids, and ketogenic nutrition.

Expert opinion: If best practice psychotherapeutic interventions have failed, we recommend a neuroscience and brain research-based medication approach that targets dopamine neurotransmitter receptors to enhance cognitive flexibility and illness insight while reducing dread and avoidance toward food. It is furthermore essential to recognize and treat comorbid conditions such as anxiety, depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder as they interfere with recovery, and typically do not resolve even with successful AN treatment. Novel strategies have the promise to show efficacy in improving mood and reducing specific AN psychopathology with hopes to be used in clinical practice soon.

简介神经性厌食症(AN)是死亡率最高的精神疾病之一。目前尚无针对神经性厌食症的经批准的药物治疗方法,但新的神经生物学靶点显示出治疗前景:研究表明,神经性厌食症患者的大脑神经递质信号发生改变,同时伴有精神僵化、合并焦虑和抑郁。现有疗法和新疗法可用于改善神经生物学和行为学的改变。这篇叙述性综述回顾了之前发表的文献,评估了传统药物疗法治疗自闭症的疗效,同时还探讨了新型疗法,包括解离性麻醉剂、迷幻剂、大麻素、激素、神经类固醇和生酮营养:如果最佳心理治疗干预无效,我们建议采用以神经科学和脑科学研究为基础的药物治疗方法,以多巴胺神经递质受体为靶点,增强认知灵活性和疾病洞察力,同时减少对食物的恐惧和回避。此外,认识并治疗焦虑症、抑郁症或强迫症等合并症也很重要,因为这些疾病会影响患者的康复,而且即使成功治疗了自闭症,这些疾病通常也不会消失。新策略有望在改善情绪和减少特定 AN 精神病理学方面显示出疗效,并有望很快应用于临床实践。
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引用次数: 0
"Shifting sands in cystic fibrosis": impacts of CFTR modulators on reproductive health in people with cystic fibrosis and challenges related to in utero exposure. "囊性纤维化的变迁":CFTR 调节剂对囊性纤维化患者生殖健康的影响以及与子宫内接触有关的挑战。
IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2426677
Imogen Felton, Amy Downes, Idan Bokobza, Ladina Weitnauer, Jane C Davies

Introduction: Mutation-specific disease modifying drugs such as the triple combination Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI), are associated with significant improvements in physical health. Reproductive health and a pursuit of parenthood are of increased relevance; a dramatic increase in childbirth rates for females with CF has already been observed.

Areas covered: Fertility in males and females with CF, and any subsequent impact of CFTR modulator therapy, is reviewed. The potential impacts of maternal use of CFTR modulator drugs on offspring health are considered, as constituent components have been found in fetal circulation in animals and humans, and the implications for maternal continuation or cessation of treatment. Clinical data are reassuring, although cases of lens opacities, and missed CF diagnoses due to false negative newborn screening results have been reported.

Expert opinion: More research and high-quality evidence are needed to characterize maternal, fetal and long-term offspring outcomes following CFTR modulator therapy use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. There is a potential therapeutic impact of targeting CFTR-related organ dysfunction in CF-fetuses via maternal-administration of CFTR modulators. Additionally, any consequences of CFTR-modulation in heterozygote carrier infant warrants urgent and collective consensus regarding ethical and clinical research programs to evaluate this discrete population.

简介:突变特异性疾病治疗药物,如Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor三联疗法(ETI),可显著改善患者的身体健康。生殖健康和为人父母的追求也越来越重要;已观察到患有 CF 的女性的生育率急剧上升:回顾了男性和女性 CF 患者的生育能力,以及 CFTR 调节剂治疗的后续影响。由于在动物和人类的胎儿血液循环中发现了 CFTR 调节剂的成分,因此考虑了母体使用 CFTR 调节剂药物对后代健康的潜在影响,以及对母体继续或停止治疗的影响。临床数据令人欣慰,但也有晶状体混浊和因新生儿筛查结果呈假阴性而漏诊 CF 病例的报道:专家意见:需要更多的研究和高质量的证据来描述孕期和哺乳期使用 CFTR 调节剂治疗对母体、胎儿和后代的长期影响。通过母体给药 CFTR 调节剂,针对 CF 胎儿 CFTR 相关器官功能障碍具有潜在的治疗效果。此外,对于杂合子携带者婴儿使用 CFTR 调节剂的任何后果,都需要就伦理和临床研究计划达成紧急和集体共识,以评估这一离散人群。
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引用次数: 0
Novel pharmacotherapies for the treatment of liposarcoma: a comprehensive update. 治疗脂肪肉瘤的新型药物疗法:全面更新。
IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2427333
Teresa Y Lee, Margaret von Mehren

Introduction: Liposarcomas are malignancies of adipocytic lineage and represent one of the most common types of soft tissue sarcomas. They encompass multiple histologies, each with unique molecular profiles. Treatment for localized disease includes resection, potentially with perioperative radiation or systemic therapy. Treatment for unresectable or metastatic disease revolves around palliative systemic therapy, for which improved therapies are urgently needed.

Areas covered: We reviewed the literature on novel therapies in clinical development for liposarcomas within the past 5 years and discuss their potential impact on future treatment strategies.

Expert opinion: Understanding of the molecular characteristics of liposarcoma subtypes has led to testing of several targeted therapies, including inhibitors of amplified gene products (CDK4 and MDM2) and upregulated proteins (XPO1). Immuno-oncology has played an increasing role in the treatment of liposarcomas, with checkpoint inhibition showing promise in dedifferentiated liposarcomas, and immune therapies targeting cancer testis antigens NY-ESO-1 and MAGE family proteins poised to become an option for myxoid/round cell liposarcomas. The search for novel agents from existing classes (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) with efficacy in liposarcoma also continues. Combination therapies as well as biomarker identification for patient selection of therapies warrant ongoing exploration.

简介脂肪肉瘤是脂肪细胞系的恶性肿瘤,是最常见的软组织肉瘤类型之一。脂肪肉瘤有多种组织结构,每种组织结构都有独特的分子特征。对局部疾病的治疗包括切除术,并可能采用围手术期放疗或全身治疗。对无法切除或转移性疾病的治疗主要是姑息性全身治疗,目前急需改进治疗方法:我们回顾了过去 5 年中有关脂肪肉瘤临床开发中新型疗法的文献,并讨论了这些疗法对未来治疗策略的潜在影响:专家观点:对脂肪肉瘤亚型分子特征的了解促成了多种靶向疗法的测试,包括对扩增基因产物(CDK4和MDM2)和上调蛋白(XPO1)的抑制剂。免疫肿瘤学在脂肪肉瘤的治疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用,检查点抑制剂在去分化脂肪肉瘤中显示出前景,针对癌症睾丸抗原NY-ESO-1和MAGE家族蛋白的免疫疗法有望成为肌样/圆形细胞脂肪肉瘤的一种选择。从现有类别(酪氨酸激酶抑制剂)中寻找对脂肪肉瘤有疗效的新型药物的工作也在继续。联合疗法以及用于患者选择疗法的生物标志物鉴定也值得继续探索。
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引用次数: 0
Can we effectively manage binge eating disorder with pharmacotherapy? 我们能否通过药物疗法有效控制暴饮暴食症?
IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2428371
Phillipa Hay, Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Moraes, Jose Carlos Appolinario

Introduction: Pharmacological and other treatments for binge eating disorder (BED) predate its inclusion as the third main eating disorder in the 2013 DSM-5. Currently, second in line to psychological therapy are psychotropics such as antidepressants, anticonvulsants and stimulants.

Areas covered: This review summarizes the evidence and emerging evidence on the pharmacotherapies for BED and their potential for wider use.

Expert opinion: Pharmacotherapy has utility as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for those exhibiting insufficient response to, or not preferencing, psychological interventions. Medications may also benefit individuals with BED and other co-occurring mental health conditions, such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In addition, there are several agents (e.g. glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists and the combination of naltrexone-bupropion) displaying promise for weight and binge eating reduction in people with BED and high BMI. Future research should extend the understanding of the role of medication in BED, focusing on their sustained effects over time, when and if they may be ceased, their effectiveness in people with adequate weight, and the risks associated with weight loss in those with BED and high weight.

简介:暴饮暴食症(BED)作为第三大饮食失调症被纳入 2013 年《美国疾病分类与临床指南》(DSM-5)之前,就已经有针对该疾病的药物和其他治疗方法。目前,抗抑郁药、抗惊厥药和兴奋剂等精神药物是仅次于心理疗法的治疗手段:本综述总结了治疗 BED 的药物疗法的证据和新出现的证据,以及广泛使用这些药物的潜力:专家观点:对于那些对心理干预反应不足或不喜欢心理干预的患者,药物疗法可作为一种替代或辅助治疗手段。药物治疗也可使 BED 患者和其他并发精神疾病(如抑郁症和注意力缺陷多动障碍)患者受益。此外,有几种药物(如胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂和纳曲酮-安非他酮联合用药)有望减轻 BED 和高体重指数患者的体重和暴食。未来的研究应扩大对药物在 BED 中作用的认识,重点关注药物在一段时间内的持续作用、何时以及是否可以停止使用药物、药物对体重适中者的有效性,以及 BED 和高体重者减肥的相关风险。
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引用次数: 0
Managing the neuroinflammatory pain of endometriosis in light of chronic pelvic pain. 根据慢性盆腔疼痛处理子宫内膜异位症的神经炎性疼痛。
IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2425727
Joseph V Pergolizzi, Jo Ann LeQuang, Flaminia Coluzzi, Salah N El-Tallawy, Peter Magnusson, Rania S Ahmed, Giustino Varrassi, Maria Grazia Porpora

Introduction: Endometriosis affects 5% to 10% of reproductive age women and may be associated with severely painful and debilitating symptoms as well as infertility. Endometriosis involves hormonal fluctuations, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, vascular changes and neuroinflammatory processes. The neuroinflammatory component of endometriosis makes it a systemic disorder, similar to other chronic epithelial inflammatory conditions.

Areas covered: Inflammatory mediators, mast cells, macrophages, and glial cells play a role in endometriosis which can result in peripheral sensitization and central sensitization. There is overlap between chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis, but the two conditions are distinct. Effective treatment is based on a personalized approach using a variety of pharmacologic and other treatment options.

Expert opinion: Hormonal therapies are a first-line approach, but endometriosis is a challenging condition to manage. 'Add-back' hormonal therapy has been effective. Painful symptoms are likely caused by the interplay of multiple factors and there may be a neuropathic component. Analgesics and anticonvulsants may be appropriate. A holistic approach and multimodal treatments are likely to be most effective. In addition to pharmacologic treatment, there are surgical and alternative medicine options. Endometriosis may also have a psychological component.

简介子宫内膜异位症影响着 5%至 10%的育龄妇女,并可能导致严重的疼痛和衰弱症状,以及不孕症。子宫内膜异位症涉及激素波动、血管生成、神经生成、血管变化和神经炎症过程。子宫内膜异位症的神经炎症成分使其成为一种全身性疾病,与其他慢性上皮炎症类似:炎症介质、肥大细胞、巨噬细胞和神经胶质细胞在子宫内膜异位症中发挥作用,可导致外周敏感化和中枢敏感化。慢性盆腔疼痛和子宫内膜异位症之间存在重叠,但这两种疾病是截然不同的。专家意见:有效治疗的基础是采用多种药物和其他治疗方案的个性化方法:激素疗法是一线治疗方法,但子宫内膜异位症的治疗具有挑战性。后加 "激素疗法是有效的。疼痛症状可能是由多种因素相互作用造成的,其中可能有神经病理性因素。镇痛药和抗惊厥药可能是合适的。综合方法和多模式治疗可能最为有效。除药物治疗外,还可选择手术和替代疗法。子宫内膜异位症还可能与心理因素有关。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating Vonoprazan for the treatment of erosive GERD and heartburn associated with GERD in adults. 评估 Vonoprazan 治疗成人侵蚀性胃食管反流病和胃食管反流病相关烧心症状的效果。
IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2427335
Elisa Marabotto, Francesco Calabrese, Andrea Pasta, Pierfrancesco Visaggi, Nicola de Bortoli, Amir Mari, Salvatore Tolone, Matteo Ghisa, Luisa Bertin, Vincenzo Savarino, Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common debilitating chronic disease presenting in two main forms based on esophageal mucosal appearance, the erosive reflux disease (ERD) and the non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). Acid secretion is a key factor in the disease pathogenesis and management. Potent acid-suppressant drugs have been manufactured since the mid of 1970s, initially with histamine-H2-receptors antagonists, and later, inhibitors of the proton pump (H+-K+-ATPase).More recently, potassium-competitive acid blockers (p-CABs), particularlyVonoprazan, have been introduced. Vonoprazan has shown high efficacy and safety profiles and exhibits several advantages that allow to overcome shortcomings of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Areas covered: In this review, we provide an updated summary of Vonoprazan pharmacodynamics and its role in clinical practice for the management of erosive esophagitis and GERD-related heartburn. Moreover, we discuss characteristics of Vonoprazan that allow to bypass some limitations of the older PPIs.

Expert opinion: Long-term safety and efficacy of Vonoprazan have already been demonstrated for the induction and maintenance of ERD, preventing nocturnal acid breakthrough, reducing reflux symptoms in non-responder to standard therapy. Ongoing and future studies are expected to further elucidate its long-term benefits and potential applications in other acid-related disorders.

简介胃食管反流病(GERD)是一种常见的使人衰弱的慢性疾病,根据食管粘膜外观可分为两种主要形式:侵蚀性反流病(ERD)和非侵蚀性反流病(NERD)。酸分泌是疾病发病机制和治疗的关键因素。自 20 世纪 70 年代中期以来,人们开始制造强效抑酸药物,最初是组胺-H2 受体拮抗剂,后来是质子泵(H+-K+-ATP 酶)抑制剂。最近,又出现了钾竞争性酸阻滞剂(P-CABs),特别是沃诺普拉赞。沃诺普拉赞显示出很高的疗效和安全性,并具有克服质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)缺点的若干优势:在这篇综述中,我们对沃诺普拉赞的药效学及其在治疗侵蚀性食管炎和胃食管反流相关烧心症状的临床实践中的作用进行了最新总结。此外,我们还讨论了Vonoprazan的一些特点,这些特点使其能够绕过老式PPIs的一些局限性:Vonoprazan在诱导和维持ERD、防止夜间胃酸突破、减轻标准疗法无效者的反流症状方面的长期安全性和有效性已经得到证实。正在进行的研究和未来的研究有望进一步阐明其长期疗效以及在其他酸相关疾病中的潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. 代谢相关性脂肪肝和肝细胞癌。
IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2426680
Giovanni Catalano, Odysseas P Chatzipanagiotou, Jun Kawashima, Timothy M Pawlik

Introduction: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) has been introduced as a superior term to describe steatosis on a background of metabolic dysregulation and is slated to become the leading cause of HCC worldwide, as the incidence of metabolic comorbidities is increasing. As such, MASLD has evolved into an important public health issue, potentially leading to higher rates of liver mortality and end-stage liver disease. To this end, understanding the association between MASLD and HCC may allow for the identification of better interventions and novel therapeutic strategies.

Areas covered: The authors provide a review of current knowledge on HCC development among patients with MASLD, with insights into molecular pathways and current and future therapeutic strategies.

Expert opinion: MASLD has a strong association with the risk of HCC development, as metabolic comorbidities induce dysregulation in molecular pathways, leading to insulin-resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, thus causing progression to cirrhosis and eventually to HCC. Therapeutic strategies focused on reducing diabetes-associated complications, as well as the prevalence of obesity and smoking can improve patient outcomes and reduce HCC incidence. Future studies on the molecular background of metabolic alterations may help devise new therapeutic approaches aiming to improve the current management of MASLD-HCC.

导言:代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝病(MASLD)是描述在代谢失调背景下出现的脂肪性肝病的高级术语,随着代谢合并症发病率的增加,MASLD 将成为全球导致 HCC 的主要原因。因此,MASLD 已发展成为一个重要的公共卫生问题,有可能导致更高的肝脏死亡率和终末期肝病。为此,了解 MASLD 与 HCC 之间的关联可能有助于确定更好的干预措施和新型治疗策略:作者综述了目前关于MASLD患者发生HCC的知识,深入探讨了分子途径以及当前和未来的治疗策略:MASLD与HCC发病风险密切相关,因为代谢合并症会诱发分子通路失调,导致胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激和慢性炎症,从而引起肝硬化进展,最终导致HCC。以减少糖尿病相关并发症以及肥胖和吸烟率为重点的治疗策略可以改善患者的预后并降低 HCC 发病率。未来对代谢改变分子背景的研究可能有助于设计新的治疗方法,从而改善目前对 MASLD-HCC 的管理。
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引用次数: 0
Reassessing the role of aspirin in patients with coronary artery disease. 重新评估阿司匹林在冠心病患者中的作用。
IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2427338
Udaya S Tantry, Richard C Becker, Sahib Singh, Lekshminarayan Raghavakurup, Eliano Navarese, Kevin P Bliden, Paul A Gurbel

Introduction: Recent data question the use of aspirin as a bedrock of antiplatelet therapy in patients with arterial diseases. There are controversies regarding the efficacy of aspirin therapy with respect to specific demographic characteristics, dose and formulations, benefit in primary prevention, and duration in secondary prevention. Importantly, to balance the ischemic benefits and the risk of excessive bleeding following a coronary event, recent studies have investigated strategies to discontinue aspirin therapy and continue with P2Y12 receptor inhibitor monotherapy. However, the precise time when to discontinue aspirin is still unresolved.

Areas covered: Evidence from recent studies evaluating the role of aspirin in primary and secondary prevention studies was collected from a selective literature search. In this review, the authors discuss current recommendations, large-scale studies of aspirin therapy, controversies, and potential future opportunities for aspirin therapy.

Expert opinion: With the new evidence showing lower bleeding risk with aspirin-free strategies in both primary and secondary prevention studies, the role of aspirin is being revaluated with P2Y12 receptor inhibitor monotherapy. The potential benefits of novel aspirin formulations and alternative delivery methods, such as inhaled aspirin, are undergoing much-needed investigation with the goal of optimizing care for a wide range of patients.

导言:最近的数据对阿司匹林作为动脉疾病患者抗血小板疗法的基础提出了质疑。关于阿司匹林治疗在特定人群特征、剂量和配方、一级预防中的益处以及二级预防中的持续时间等方面的疗效存在争议。重要的是,为了平衡冠状动脉事件后的缺血性获益和过度出血风险,最近的研究探讨了停止阿司匹林治疗并继续使用 P2Y12 受体抑制剂单药治疗的策略。但何时停用阿司匹林的确切时间仍悬而未决:通过选择性文献检索,收集了近期评估阿司匹林在一级和二级预防研究中作用的研究证据。在这篇综述中,作者讨论了当前的建议、阿司匹林治疗的大规模研究、争议以及阿司匹林治疗未来的潜在机会:专家观点:有新证据显示,在一级和二级预防研究中,不使用阿司匹林的策略可降低出血风险,因此阿司匹林与 P2Y12 受体抑制剂单药治疗的作用正在被重新评估。目前正在对新型阿司匹林制剂和替代给药方法(如吸入式阿司匹林)的潜在益处进行亟需的研究,以优化对各类患者的治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Use of glucagon-like polypeptide 2 analogs for intestinal failure. 使用胰高血糖素样多肽 2 类似物治疗肠功能衰竭。
IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2431291
Monique L Goldschmidt, Stephanie Oliveira, Crystal Slaughter, Samuel A Kocoshis

Introduction: Over a half century ago, a component of glucagon was found to have potent gastrointestinal effects. Shortly after proglucagon was sequenced, its component peptides were characterized, and glucagon-like polypeptide-2 (GLP-2) was noted to have the most potent intestinotrophic properties improving fluid and electrolyte balance in experimental animals and humans.

Areas covered: Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) slows small intestinal motility more effectively, but its intestinotrophic properties are weaker. GLP-2's properties prompted study of its effects upon function of the surgically foreshortened small intestine, but its short half-life limited its usefulness, but the subsequent discovery that substitution of glycine for alanine at the second position of the molecule's N-terminus could lengthen its half-life to 2.5 hours, established efficacy in short bowel management with a single daily subcutaneous injection. Both adult and pediatric studies have shown reduced parenteral nutrition requirements and establishment of enteral autonomy for some patients. More recently, ultralong acting GLP-2 analogs with half-lives of 70-80 hours can improve gastrointestinal function in surgically foreshortened bowel with only one injection every three to seven days.

Expert opinion: Future research is likely to focus upon the potential complementary role of GLP-1 and GLP-2 in treating short bowel syndrome.

导言:半个多世纪前,人们发现胰高血糖素的一种成分具有强大的胃肠道作用。在对胰高血糖素进行测序后不久,人们对其成分肽进行了鉴定,发现胰高血糖素样多肽-2(GLP-2)具有最强的肠道营养特性,可改善实验动物和人类的体液和电解质平衡:胰高血糖素样多肽-1(GLP-1)能更有效地减缓小肠蠕动,但其营养肠道的特性较弱。GLP-2 的特性促使人们研究它对手术切除的小肠功能的影响,但其短暂的半衰期限制了它的用途,但后来发现在分子 N 端第二个位置用甘氨酸替代丙氨酸可将其半衰期延长至 2.5 小时,从而确立了每天一次皮下注射对短肠管理的疗效。成人和儿童研究显示,肠外营养需求减少,部分患者可以自主进食。最近,半衰期为 70-80 小时的超长效 GLP-2 类似物只需每三到七天注射一次,就能改善手术前肠短缩患者的胃肠功能:未来的研究可能会侧重于 GLP-1 和 GLP-2 在治疗短肠综合征方面的潜在互补作用。
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引用次数: 0
New pharmacotherapeutic strategies for drug-resistant candida infections: a review. 耐药性念珠菌感染的新药物治疗策略:综述。
IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2433605
Jesse Raposa, Jose A Vazquez

Introduction: Candida species produce a wide array of infections ranging from mucocutaneous to systemic infections. Candida albicans remains the most common species identified, however the non-albicans Candida species have continued to increase as the diagnosis and therapeutic regimens have progressed.

Areas covered: This review with discuss the various Candida species, especially the non-albicans species, some of the important mechanisms of resistance, and newer in vitro and clinical studies describing the recent and novel antifungal options such as rezafungin, ibrexafungerp, and oteseconazole, along with a novel antifungal, fosmanogepix.

Expert opinion: Initial antifungal therapy is frequently obsolete due to the expansion of antifungal resistance. This is especially true with C. glabrata, C. krusei, and most recently with C. auris. The newer and novel antifungals discussed here will add valuable tools to our antifungal armamentarium to be able to appropriately and adequately treat and manage these difficult infections. Each of the antifungals has unique and novel properties that will expand the arsenal useful to treat these fungal infections in the years to come.

导言:念珠菌可引起从皮肤黏膜到全身的各种感染。白念珠菌仍是最常见的念珠菌,但随着诊断和治疗方法的进步,非白念珠菌的念珠菌种类也在不断增加:这篇综述将讨论各种念珠菌,尤其是非赤念珠菌,一些重要的耐药机制,以及最新的体外和临床研究,介绍最近的新型抗真菌药物,如雷沙芬净、伊布沙芬吉帕、奥替康唑,以及新型抗真菌药物福斯马诺吉匹克:专家观点:由于抗真菌耐药性的增加,最初的抗真菌治疗往往已经过时。专家观点:由于抗真菌药物耐药性的增加,最初的抗真菌治疗往往已经过时,尤其是对水痘疫霉、克鲁塞疫霉以及最近的肛门脓疱疫霉。本文讨论的新型抗真菌药物将为我们的抗真菌药物库增添宝贵的工具,使我们能够适当、充分地治疗和控制这些疑难感染。每种抗真菌药物都具有独特和新颖的特性,这些特性将在未来几年扩大治疗这些真菌感染的药物库。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
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