Pub Date : 2019-01-29DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000576
Cecilia Chao, K. Richdale, M. Willcox
OBJECTIVES This report aimed to explore whether certain inflammatory mediators were absorbed, extracted, or bound by various contact lens materials. METHODS Comfilcon A, balafilcon A, omafilcon A, and etafilcon A were soaked in 500 and 100 pg/mL of interleukin-8 (IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), or interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and also in combined solutions of inflammatory mediators (500 pg/mL or 100 pg/mL) separately. Lenses were then extracted in 1:1 2% trifluoroacetic acid:acetonitrile. The extracted and residual concentrations of inflammatory mediators were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Absorbed (control-residual) and firmly bound (absorbed-extracted) concentrations were calculated for analysis. RESULTS More MMP-9 was absorbed by omafilcon A (466±9 pg/mL) than balafilcon A (P=0.006; 437±11 pg/mL) or etafilcon A (P=0.001; 428±13 pg/mL) when soaked in 500 pg/mL, but no differences in 100 pg/mL. More MMP-9 remained firmly bound to omafilcon A (P=0.03; 174±3 pg/mL), comfilcon A (P=0.049; 168±34 pg/mL), and balafilcon A (P=0.01; 186±14 pg/mL) than etafilcon A (128±22 pg/mL). There were no differences in IL-8 absorption between lenses; however, more IL-8 remained firmly bound to omafilcon A (P=0.01; 336±25 pg/mL) than etafilcon A (106±133 pg/mL) when soaked in 500 pg/mL. No differences were found in concentrations of absorbed or firmly bound IL-1Ra between materials. When the mediators were combined, IL-8 was absorbed more in etafilcon A (P=0.03) than in other lens materials, but the absorbed IL-8 did not remain firmly bound. CONCLUSIONS The uptake and extraction of inflammatory mediators from contact lenses was affected by competitive binding between the mediators.
{"title":"Absorption and Extraction of Inflammatory Mediators From Contact Lens Materials.","authors":"Cecilia Chao, K. Richdale, M. Willcox","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000000576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000576","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000This report aimed to explore whether certain inflammatory mediators were absorbed, extracted, or bound by various contact lens materials.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Comfilcon A, balafilcon A, omafilcon A, and etafilcon A were soaked in 500 and 100 pg/mL of interleukin-8 (IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), or interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and also in combined solutions of inflammatory mediators (500 pg/mL or 100 pg/mL) separately. Lenses were then extracted in 1:1 2% trifluoroacetic acid:acetonitrile. The extracted and residual concentrations of inflammatory mediators were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Absorbed (control-residual) and firmly bound (absorbed-extracted) concentrations were calculated for analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000More MMP-9 was absorbed by omafilcon A (466±9 pg/mL) than balafilcon A (P=0.006; 437±11 pg/mL) or etafilcon A (P=0.001; 428±13 pg/mL) when soaked in 500 pg/mL, but no differences in 100 pg/mL. More MMP-9 remained firmly bound to omafilcon A (P=0.03; 174±3 pg/mL), comfilcon A (P=0.049; 168±34 pg/mL), and balafilcon A (P=0.01; 186±14 pg/mL) than etafilcon A (128±22 pg/mL). There were no differences in IL-8 absorption between lenses; however, more IL-8 remained firmly bound to omafilcon A (P=0.01; 336±25 pg/mL) than etafilcon A (106±133 pg/mL) when soaked in 500 pg/mL. No differences were found in concentrations of absorbed or firmly bound IL-1Ra between materials. When the mediators were combined, IL-8 was absorbed more in etafilcon A (P=0.03) than in other lens materials, but the absorbed IL-8 did not remain firmly bound.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The uptake and extraction of inflammatory mediators from contact lenses was affected by competitive binding between the mediators.","PeriodicalId":12216,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86962799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000640
T. Ayyildiz, F. Sezgin
OBJECTIVE To determine whether ocular Demodex colonization results in differences in Schirmer test scores and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire values in individuals with dry eye disease (DED) diagnosed for the first time. METHOD Eighty-eight adults aged 40 to 68 years who were admitted to Ophthalmology outpatient clinic for routine ophthalmological examination or presbyopia examination and diagnosed with DED for the first time and who do not have any chronic disease were included in the study. All the patients were asked to complete the OSDI, which is widely used for assessing dry eye symptom severity and vision-related functioning. The Schirmer test was performed, and then two eyelashes were taken from the inferior eyelids of each eyes. After saline (0.09% NaCl) was added to the sample, it was quickly taken to the microbiology laboratory, which is located next to the Ophthalmology policlinic. The sample was evaluated by a parasitologist experienced in Demodex. RESULTS One hundred sixty-eight eyes of 84 patients were included in the study. Average Schirmer test score was 2.1±0.5, the OSDI questionnaire score was 61.82±10.95, and the mean age was 55.36±8.74 years in patients who had Demodex colonization (n=30), whereas the average Schirmer test score was 6.6±0.9 score, OSDI questionnaire score was 40.96±12.73, and the mean age was 49.12±6.87 years in patients without Demodex colonization (n=58). It has been observed that dry eye patients with Demodex colonization had a higher mean age (P: 0.001), higher mean OSDI score (P: 0.001), and lower average Schirmer test score (P: 0.001) compared with those without Demodex. The significant relationship between lower Schirmer test score and higher OSDI rates and occurrence of Demodex infestation continued after adjusting for mean age values (P=0.012; P=0.035). CONCLUSION It was determined that the presence of ocular Demodex colonization was associated with the average Schirmer test scores, OSDI scores, and age values in patients with newly diagnosed DED. Demodex quantity was found increased in older aged patients, but the significant relationship between lower Schirmer test score and higher OSDI rates and Demodex infestation persisted even after controlling the mean age values. Supporting these findings with large-numbered and randomized-controlled studies will help in clarifying the association of the Demodex infestation with etiopathogenesis of dry eye.
{"title":"The Effect of Ocular Demodex Colonization on Schirmer test and OSDI Scores in Newly Diagnosed Dry Eye Patients.","authors":"T. Ayyildiz, F. Sezgin","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000000640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000640","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To determine whether ocular Demodex colonization results in differences in Schirmer test scores and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire values in individuals with dry eye disease (DED) diagnosed for the first time. METHOD Eighty-eight adults aged 40 to 68 years who were admitted to Ophthalmology outpatient clinic for routine ophthalmological examination or presbyopia examination and diagnosed with DED for the first time and who do not have any chronic disease were included in the study. All the patients were asked to complete the OSDI, which is widely used for assessing dry eye symptom severity and vision-related functioning. The Schirmer test was performed, and then two eyelashes were taken from the inferior eyelids of each eyes. After saline (0.09% NaCl) was added to the sample, it was quickly taken to the microbiology laboratory, which is located next to the Ophthalmology policlinic. The sample was evaluated by a parasitologist experienced in Demodex. RESULTS One hundred sixty-eight eyes of 84 patients were included in the study. Average Schirmer test score was 2.1±0.5, the OSDI questionnaire score was 61.82±10.95, and the mean age was 55.36±8.74 years in patients who had Demodex colonization (n=30), whereas the average Schirmer test score was 6.6±0.9 score, OSDI questionnaire score was 40.96±12.73, and the mean age was 49.12±6.87 years in patients without Demodex colonization (n=58). It has been observed that dry eye patients with Demodex colonization had a higher mean age (P: 0.001), higher mean OSDI score (P: 0.001), and lower average Schirmer test score (P: 0.001) compared with those without Demodex. The significant relationship between lower Schirmer test score and higher OSDI rates and occurrence of Demodex infestation continued after adjusting for mean age values (P=0.012; P=0.035). CONCLUSION It was determined that the presence of ocular Demodex colonization was associated with the average Schirmer test scores, OSDI scores, and age values in patients with newly diagnosed DED. Demodex quantity was found increased in older aged patients, but the significant relationship between lower Schirmer test score and higher OSDI rates and Demodex infestation persisted even after controlling the mean age values. Supporting these findings with large-numbered and randomized-controlled studies will help in clarifying the association of the Demodex infestation with etiopathogenesis of dry eye.","PeriodicalId":12216,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83210656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000636
J. Sheppard, Shane R. Kannarr, J. Luchs, R. Malhotra, A. Justice, A. Ogundele, Charles Darby, J. Bacharach
BACKGROUND OTX-101 (CEQUA™) is approved in the United States for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). This pooled analysis of 2 studies (phase 2b/3 and phase 3) evaluates the efficacy and safety of OTX-101 0.09% in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population and the subgroup of patients with a baseline Schirmer score less than 10 mm. METHODS In these randomized, multicenter, double-masked, vehicle-controlled studies, patients received 1 drop of either OTX-101 or vehicle in both eyes twice daily. A Schirmer's test was performed at baseline and day 84/early discontinuation. Symptom Assessment iN Dry Eye (SANDE) scores and adverse events were monitored at each visit. RESULTS The pooled analysis included 523 and 525 patients randomized to OTX-101 0.09% and vehicle, respectively. In the ITT population, 16.6% of eyes receiving OTX-101 and 9.0% of eyes receiving vehicle showed a day 84 increase in Schirmer score ≥10 mm from baseline (P<0.0001). In the subgroup with Schirmer score less than 10 mm at baseline, 18.7% and 10.2% of eyes receiving OTX-101 and vehicle, respectively, exhibited this outcome (P=0.0001). The mean (SD) percent change from baseline in global SANDE scores on day 84 in the ITT population was -29.0% (39.0%) and -30.4% (39.5%) for OTX-101 and vehicle groups, respectively. In the subgroup, the mean (SD) percent change was -27.3% (39.7%) and -31.4% (38.3%) for OTX-101 and vehicle groups, respectively. Adverse events were mostly mild to moderate. CONCLUSIONS OTX-101 improved tear production compared with vehicle. Both OTX-101 and vehicle showed improved SANDE scores over baseline. OTX-101 was well tolerated in patients with KCS.
背景:dotx -101 (CEQUA™)在美国被批准用于治疗干燥性角膜结膜炎(KCS)。本研究对2项研究(2b/3期和3期)进行了汇总分析，评估了0.09% OTX-101在意向治疗(ITT)人群和基线Schirmer评分小于10 mm的患者亚组中的疗效和安全性。方法在这些随机、多中心、双盲、载体对照研究中，患者每天两次双眼注射1滴OTX-101或载体。在基线和第84天/早期停药时进行Schirmer试验。每次就诊时监测干眼症状评估(SANDE)评分和不良事件。结果共纳入523例和525例患者，随机分为0.09%的OTX-101组和对照组。在ITT人群中，16.6%接受OTX-101治疗的眼睛和9.0%接受vehicle治疗的眼睛在第84天的Schirmer评分较基线升高≥10 mm (P<0.0001)。在基线时Schirmer评分小于10 mm的亚组中，分别有18.7%和10.2%的眼睛接受OTX-101和载体治疗，显示出这一结果(P=0.0001)。在ITT人群中，OTX-101组和车辆组第84天全球SANDE评分与基线相比的平均(SD)百分比变化分别为-29.0%(39.0%)和-30.4%(39.5%)。在亚组中，OTX-101组和vehicle组的平均(SD)百分比变化分别为-27.3%(39.7%)和-31.4%(38.3%)。不良事件多为轻至中度。结论sotx -101与对照剂相比，能提高泪液生成率。OTX-101和vehicle的SANDE得分都比基线有所提高。OTX-101在KCS患者中耐受性良好。
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of OTX-101, a Novel Nanomicellar Formulation of Cyclosporine A, for the Treatment of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: Pooled Analysis of a Phase 2b/3 and Phase 3 Study.","authors":"J. Sheppard, Shane R. Kannarr, J. Luchs, R. Malhotra, A. Justice, A. Ogundele, Charles Darby, J. Bacharach","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000000636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000636","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND OTX-101 (CEQUA™) is approved in the United States for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). This pooled analysis of 2 studies (phase 2b/3 and phase 3) evaluates the efficacy and safety of OTX-101 0.09% in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population and the subgroup of patients with a baseline Schirmer score less than 10 mm. METHODS In these randomized, multicenter, double-masked, vehicle-controlled studies, patients received 1 drop of either OTX-101 or vehicle in both eyes twice daily. A Schirmer's test was performed at baseline and day 84/early discontinuation. Symptom Assessment iN Dry Eye (SANDE) scores and adverse events were monitored at each visit. RESULTS The pooled analysis included 523 and 525 patients randomized to OTX-101 0.09% and vehicle, respectively. In the ITT population, 16.6% of eyes receiving OTX-101 and 9.0% of eyes receiving vehicle showed a day 84 increase in Schirmer score ≥10 mm from baseline (P<0.0001). In the subgroup with Schirmer score less than 10 mm at baseline, 18.7% and 10.2% of eyes receiving OTX-101 and vehicle, respectively, exhibited this outcome (P=0.0001). The mean (SD) percent change from baseline in global SANDE scores on day 84 in the ITT population was -29.0% (39.0%) and -30.4% (39.5%) for OTX-101 and vehicle groups, respectively. In the subgroup, the mean (SD) percent change was -27.3% (39.7%) and -31.4% (38.3%) for OTX-101 and vehicle groups, respectively. Adverse events were mostly mild to moderate. CONCLUSIONS OTX-101 improved tear production compared with vehicle. Both OTX-101 and vehicle showed improved SANDE scores over baseline. OTX-101 was well tolerated in patients with KCS.","PeriodicalId":12216,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85613522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000361
M. Acar, H. Fırat, Melike Yüceege, Aysun Sanal Dogan, S. Çalışkan, C. Gürdal
Objectives: The aim of our study was to detect the presence of conjunctivochalasis (CCh) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Methods: We included 54 subjects (41 OSA patients and 14 control subjects) in the study. All the patients were assessed regarding the presence and stage of CCh. Results: The patients were grouped according to their apnea-hypopnea index as determined during nocturnal polysomnography in our laboratory as mild (12 patients), moderate (16 patients), and severe (13 patients) OSA. The CCh rate was 87.8% in the OSA group and 57.1% in the control group (P=0.022). Mean CCh stage was 1.58±1.24, 2.38±0.88, and 2.15±0.98 in the mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups, respectively, and 0.71±0.72 in the control group (P=0.0001). Conclusions: The moderate and severe OSA groups were associated with higher rates and more advanced stages of CCh. We believe that detailed conjunctival assessment is necessary for patients with complaints such as burning, stinging, and foreign body sensation, which we frequently confront in daily practice. In particular, young patients diagnosed with CCh must be carefully assessed regarding sleep apnea. In light of the above findings, we suggest that patients with ocular surface symptoms that are not relieved by topical medical treatment should be assessed for CCh and OSA. Longitudinal studies monitoring the response of CCh to OSA treatment are needed to clarify the relationship between CCh and OSA.
{"title":"The Presence of Conjunctivochalasis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients","authors":"M. Acar, H. Fırat, Melike Yüceege, Aysun Sanal Dogan, S. Çalışkan, C. Gürdal","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000000361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000361","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of our study was to detect the presence of conjunctivochalasis (CCh) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Methods: We included 54 subjects (41 OSA patients and 14 control subjects) in the study. All the patients were assessed regarding the presence and stage of CCh. Results: The patients were grouped according to their apnea-hypopnea index as determined during nocturnal polysomnography in our laboratory as mild (12 patients), moderate (16 patients), and severe (13 patients) OSA. The CCh rate was 87.8% in the OSA group and 57.1% in the control group (P=0.022). Mean CCh stage was 1.58±1.24, 2.38±0.88, and 2.15±0.98 in the mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups, respectively, and 0.71±0.72 in the control group (P=0.0001). Conclusions: The moderate and severe OSA groups were associated with higher rates and more advanced stages of CCh. We believe that detailed conjunctival assessment is necessary for patients with complaints such as burning, stinging, and foreign body sensation, which we frequently confront in daily practice. In particular, young patients diagnosed with CCh must be carefully assessed regarding sleep apnea. In light of the above findings, we suggest that patients with ocular surface symptoms that are not relieved by topical medical treatment should be assessed for CCh and OSA. Longitudinal studies monitoring the response of CCh to OSA treatment are needed to clarify the relationship between CCh and OSA.","PeriodicalId":12216,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice","volume":"50 1","pages":"S163–S166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83181052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000360
H. Hashemi, M. Khabazkhoob, R. Pakzad, A. Yekta, M. Nojomi, Payam Nabovati
Purpose: To determine the demographic and refractive characteristics of excimer laser refractive surgery candidates in Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study between 2010 and 2014. All information was collected from 28 centers randomly selected from 12 provinces. Then, for each season of the year, one week was chosen through simple random selection, and within each week, 3 days were again chosen randomly. All excimer laser surgical procedures performed during these 3 days were identified by training staff, and data were extracted from patient charts. Results: A total of 14,569 charts were reviewed; 67.5% of the subjects were female and the rest were male. Of the total surgeries, 18.6% had been done in 2010 which reached to 19.1% in 2014. The mean age of people receiving refractive surgery showed an upward trend (P<0.001) and female patients were significantly younger than male patients (P<0.001). The 25 to 39 years age group received the highest number of surgeries (31.9% of the total) and there was a significant association with gender (P<0.001). The most common refractive error was compound myopic astigmatism with a prevalence of 79.3%. In 2010, 33.3% of the performed surgeries were covered by insurance policies, and this decreased to 30.2% in 2014 (P<0.001). Conclusion: Women with compound myopic astigmatism in the age range of 25 and 35 years are the most frequent users of excimer laser refractive surgery. Less than one-third of laser refractive surgeries are covered by insurance policies. Therefore, proper planning for improving services to this group must be given priority.
{"title":"The Characteristics of Excimer Laser Refractive Surgery Candidates","authors":"H. Hashemi, M. Khabazkhoob, R. Pakzad, A. Yekta, M. Nojomi, Payam Nabovati","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000000360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000360","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine the demographic and refractive characteristics of excimer laser refractive surgery candidates in Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study between 2010 and 2014. All information was collected from 28 centers randomly selected from 12 provinces. Then, for each season of the year, one week was chosen through simple random selection, and within each week, 3 days were again chosen randomly. All excimer laser surgical procedures performed during these 3 days were identified by training staff, and data were extracted from patient charts. Results: A total of 14,569 charts were reviewed; 67.5% of the subjects were female and the rest were male. Of the total surgeries, 18.6% had been done in 2010 which reached to 19.1% in 2014. The mean age of people receiving refractive surgery showed an upward trend (P<0.001) and female patients were significantly younger than male patients (P<0.001). The 25 to 39 years age group received the highest number of surgeries (31.9% of the total) and there was a significant association with gender (P<0.001). The most common refractive error was compound myopic astigmatism with a prevalence of 79.3%. In 2010, 33.3% of the performed surgeries were covered by insurance policies, and this decreased to 30.2% in 2014 (P<0.001). Conclusion: Women with compound myopic astigmatism in the age range of 25 and 35 years are the most frequent users of excimer laser refractive surgery. Less than one-third of laser refractive surgeries are covered by insurance policies. Therefore, proper planning for improving services to this group must be given priority.","PeriodicalId":12216,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"S158–S162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79507150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000349
A. Galor, Benjamin Seiden, Jasmine J. Park, W. Feuer, Allison L. McClellan, Elizabeth R. Felix, R. Levitt, C. Sarantopoulos, D M Wallace
Purpose: To investigate the association between dry eye (DE) and insomnia symptom severity. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 187 individuals seen in the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic. An evaluation was performed consisting of questionnaires regarding insomnia (insomnia severity index [ISI]) and DE symptoms, including ocular pain, followed by a comprehensive ocular surface examination. Using a two-step cluster analysis based on intensity ratings of ocular pain, the patient population was divided into two groups (high and low ocular pain groups: HOP and LOP). A control group was ascertained at the same time from the same clinic as defined by no symptoms of DE (Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 [DEQ5], <6). The main outcome measure was the frequency of moderate or greater insomnia in the DE groups. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 63 years, and 93% were male. All insomnia complaints were rated higher in the HOP group compared with the LOP and control groups (P<0.0005). Most (61%) individuals in the HOP group experienced insomnia of at least moderate severity (ISI≥15) compared with the LOP (41%) and control groups (18%) (P<0.0005). Black race (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–6.0; P=0.02), depression severity (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3; P<0.0005), and DE symptom severity (DEQ5; OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.01–1.2; P=0.03) were significantly associated with clinical insomnia (ISI≥15) after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusions: After adjusting for demographics and medical comorbidities, we show that DE symptom severity is positively associated with insomnia severity.
{"title":"The Association of Dry Eye Symptom Severity and Comorbid Insomnia in US Veterans","authors":"A. Galor, Benjamin Seiden, Jasmine J. Park, W. Feuer, Allison L. McClellan, Elizabeth R. Felix, R. Levitt, C. Sarantopoulos, D M Wallace","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000000349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000349","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the association between dry eye (DE) and insomnia symptom severity. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 187 individuals seen in the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic. An evaluation was performed consisting of questionnaires regarding insomnia (insomnia severity index [ISI]) and DE symptoms, including ocular pain, followed by a comprehensive ocular surface examination. Using a two-step cluster analysis based on intensity ratings of ocular pain, the patient population was divided into two groups (high and low ocular pain groups: HOP and LOP). A control group was ascertained at the same time from the same clinic as defined by no symptoms of DE (Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 [DEQ5], <6). The main outcome measure was the frequency of moderate or greater insomnia in the DE groups. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 63 years, and 93% were male. All insomnia complaints were rated higher in the HOP group compared with the LOP and control groups (P<0.0005). Most (61%) individuals in the HOP group experienced insomnia of at least moderate severity (ISI≥15) compared with the LOP (41%) and control groups (18%) (P<0.0005). Black race (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–6.0; P=0.02), depression severity (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3; P<0.0005), and DE symptom severity (DEQ5; OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.01–1.2; P=0.03) were significantly associated with clinical insomnia (ISI≥15) after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusions: After adjusting for demographics and medical comorbidities, we show that DE symptom severity is positively associated with insomnia severity.","PeriodicalId":12216,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice","volume":"31 1","pages":"S118–S124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81081737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000320
N. Sharma, N. Agrawal, P. Maharana, T. Agarwal, M. Vanathi, R. Vajpayee
Objectives: Comparison of demographic, clinical, microbiological, and utility profile of the corneas obtained through hospital corneal retrieval program (HCRP) and voluntary eye donation (VED) program. Methods: Donor corneas retrieved during a 14 months period at National eye bank, India were included in the study. The donor cornea grading was done according to the cornea donor study. The corneal swabs were taken from the donor eyes and were sent for microbiological evaluation. The quality of the donor corneas and their utility was assessed. Results: Out of 1,014 donor corneas collected (700 through HCRP, 314 through VED), 455 were of optical grade (91.2% [415/455] through the HCRP and 8.7% [40/455] through the VED). HCRP had a higher proportion of donors in younger age (81.6% vs. 21%, P<0.0001), clear lens (78.6% vs. 66.2%, P<0.0001), and endothelial cell counts of more than2,000 cells per squared millimeter (64.9% vs. 28%, P<0.0001). Higher proportions of corneas in HCRP were used for optical indications (Penetrating keratoplasty, 24.5% vs. 13.3%, P<0.0001 and endothelial keratoplasty, 18.14% vs. 4.14%, P<0.0001). VED had a greater number of corneas found unsuitable for keratoplasty (37.4% vs. 6.4%, P<0.001). Most of the donors in the HCRP belonged to lower socioeconomic status (59.4% vs. 17.9%, P<0.0001). No significant difference was found in the microbial contamination between the two groups. Conclusions: Most corneas retrieved through HCRP were of optical grade quality and efforts should be focused on HCRP to reduce the demand-supply deficit in cornea transplantation.
目的:比较通过医院角膜回收计划(HCRP)和自愿眼部捐赠计划(VED)获得的角膜的人口统计学、临床、微生物学和效用特征。方法:选取印度国家眼库14个月内取出的供体角膜作为研究对象。根据角膜供体研究对供体角膜进行分级。从供体眼睛上取下角膜拭子并送去进行微生物学评估。评估供体角膜的质量及其效用。结果:1014例供体角膜(HCRP 700例，VED 314例)中，455例为光学级角膜(HCRP 91.2% [415/455]， VED 8.7%[40/455])。HCRP的供体年龄越小，供体比例越高(81.6% vs. 21%， P<0.0001)，晶状体透明(78.6% vs. 66.2%， P<0.0001)，内皮细胞计数每平方毫米超过2000个细胞(64.9% vs. 28%， P<0.0001)。HCRP比例较高的角膜用于光学适应症(穿透性角膜移植术，24.5%比13.3%，P<0.0001;内皮性角膜移植术，18.14%比4.14%，P<0.0001)。VED有更多的角膜发现不适合角膜移植(37.4%比6.4%，P<0.001)。大多数HCRP献血者属于社会经济地位较低的人群(59.4%比17.9%，P<0.0001)。两组间微生物污染无显著差异。结论:大多数通过HCRP获得的角膜质量达到光学级，应重点关注HCRP，以减少角膜移植的供需不足。
{"title":"Comparison of Hospital Cornea Retrieval and Voluntary Eye Donation Program in Eye Banking","authors":"N. Sharma, N. Agrawal, P. Maharana, T. Agarwal, M. Vanathi, R. Vajpayee","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000320","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Comparison of demographic, clinical, microbiological, and utility profile of the corneas obtained through hospital corneal retrieval program (HCRP) and voluntary eye donation (VED) program. Methods: Donor corneas retrieved during a 14 months period at National eye bank, India were included in the study. The donor cornea grading was done according to the cornea donor study. The corneal swabs were taken from the donor eyes and were sent for microbiological evaluation. The quality of the donor corneas and their utility was assessed. Results: Out of 1,014 donor corneas collected (700 through HCRP, 314 through VED), 455 were of optical grade (91.2% [415/455] through the HCRP and 8.7% [40/455] through the VED). HCRP had a higher proportion of donors in younger age (81.6% vs. 21%, P<0.0001), clear lens (78.6% vs. 66.2%, P<0.0001), and endothelial cell counts of more than2,000 cells per squared millimeter (64.9% vs. 28%, P<0.0001). Higher proportions of corneas in HCRP were used for optical indications (Penetrating keratoplasty, 24.5% vs. 13.3%, P<0.0001 and endothelial keratoplasty, 18.14% vs. 4.14%, P<0.0001). VED had a greater number of corneas found unsuitable for keratoplasty (37.4% vs. 6.4%, P<0.001). Most of the donors in the HCRP belonged to lower socioeconomic status (59.4% vs. 17.9%, P<0.0001). No significant difference was found in the microbial contamination between the two groups. Conclusions: Most corneas retrieved through HCRP were of optical grade quality and efforts should be focused on HCRP to reduce the demand-supply deficit in cornea transplantation.","PeriodicalId":12216,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice","volume":"99 1","pages":"S54–S58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81079330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000355
D. Lopes-Ferreira, P. Fernandes, A. Queirós, J. González-Méijome
Purpose: To evaluate the combined effects of inherent ocular aberrations and induced aberrations with a multifocal soft contact lens (MFCL) after 15 days of lens wear in presbyopic participants and their influence on visual performance at distance and near under high and low contrast conditions. Methods: Forty presbyopic participants (mean age, 48.7±3.4) presenting a mean addition of 1.53±0.58 D were fitted with Biofinity Multifocal (CooperVision) and included in the study. Measurements comprised distance and near monocular high (100%) and low contrast (10%) logMAR visual acuity (VA). Ocular aberrations were obtained with Hartmann–Shack aberrometer (IRX3, Imagine Eyes) and analyzed for 2 mm and maximum round natural pupil. Results: Distance VA was significantly higher in dominant eye, whereas near VA was significantly better in the non-dominant eye (P<0.05 in all conditions). For a 2-mm pupil in the dominant eye fitted with MFCL, spherical-like aberration significantly increased (P=0.027) so as higher-order aberrations (HOA) (P=0.002). A significant increase was also observed in spherical-like aberrations (P=0.001), coma-like aberrations (P=0.006) and HOA (P=0.004) in non-dominant eye. For the maximum round natural pupil size, a significant decrease in vertical coma was observed (P=0.018) in dominant eye, whereas a significant increase in spherical-like (P<0.001) and coma-like aberrations (P=0.007) was observed in non-dominant eye. A negative significant correlation was found between vertical coma and high contrast VA (Rho=−0.405, P=0.011) in dominant eye; whereas in non-dominant eye, a significant correlation was found between induced secondary astigmatism and distance VA under high (Rho=0.556, P<0.001) and low contrast (Rho=0.448, P=0.005). Conclusions: On-eye visual performance of MFSCL is dependent on the high-order aberrations induced by dominant and non-dominant design coupled with the wearer's inherent aberrations.
{"title":"Combined Effect of Ocular and Multifocal Contact Lens Induced Aberrations on Visual Performance: Center-Distance Versus Center-Near Design","authors":"D. Lopes-Ferreira, P. Fernandes, A. Queirós, J. González-Méijome","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000000355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000355","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the combined effects of inherent ocular aberrations and induced aberrations with a multifocal soft contact lens (MFCL) after 15 days of lens wear in presbyopic participants and their influence on visual performance at distance and near under high and low contrast conditions. Methods: Forty presbyopic participants (mean age, 48.7±3.4) presenting a mean addition of 1.53±0.58 D were fitted with Biofinity Multifocal (CooperVision) and included in the study. Measurements comprised distance and near monocular high (100%) and low contrast (10%) logMAR visual acuity (VA). Ocular aberrations were obtained with Hartmann–Shack aberrometer (IRX3, Imagine Eyes) and analyzed for 2 mm and maximum round natural pupil. Results: Distance VA was significantly higher in dominant eye, whereas near VA was significantly better in the non-dominant eye (P<0.05 in all conditions). For a 2-mm pupil in the dominant eye fitted with MFCL, spherical-like aberration significantly increased (P=0.027) so as higher-order aberrations (HOA) (P=0.002). A significant increase was also observed in spherical-like aberrations (P=0.001), coma-like aberrations (P=0.006) and HOA (P=0.004) in non-dominant eye. For the maximum round natural pupil size, a significant decrease in vertical coma was observed (P=0.018) in dominant eye, whereas a significant increase in spherical-like (P<0.001) and coma-like aberrations (P=0.007) was observed in non-dominant eye. A negative significant correlation was found between vertical coma and high contrast VA (Rho=−0.405, P=0.011) in dominant eye; whereas in non-dominant eye, a significant correlation was found between induced secondary astigmatism and distance VA under high (Rho=0.556, P<0.001) and low contrast (Rho=0.448, P=0.005). Conclusions: On-eye visual performance of MFSCL is dependent on the high-order aberrations induced by dominant and non-dominant design coupled with the wearer's inherent aberrations.","PeriodicalId":12216,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice","volume":"147 1","pages":"S131–S137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72717605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000312
Megumi Shinzawa, M. Doğru, Keiichi Miyasaka, J. Shimazaki, T. Sekiryu
Purpose: To investigate the applicability of CASIA SS-1000 anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) imaging parameters in testing the efficacy of the new strip meniscometry (SM) namely “Strip Meniscometry Tube” (SMTube) in the diagnosis of dry eyes. Methods: Forty-three eyes of 22 patients (4 men and 18 women) with definite dry eye disease (DED) and 49 eyes of 28 normal controls (6 men and 22 women) were studied. All subjects underwent symptom questionnaires, SMTube, the Schirmer-1 test, tear film break-up time measurement, vital staining examinations, as well as tear meniscus height (TMH) and TM area (TMA) measurements using an AS-OCT system. We evaluated the cutoff values for the diagnosis of DED, looked into the correlations between TMH, TMA, and SMTube scores and checked the sensitivity and specificity of these parameters in the diagnosis of DED. Results: The mean values of TMH, TMA, and SMTube scores in the patient group were 0.138±0.102 mm, 0.013±0.015 mm2 and 1.4±2.3 mm, whereas those for the control group were 0.27±0.10 mm, 0.033±0.025 mm2 and 5.8±2.8 mm, respectively. The differences between both groups were significant (P<0.001). The cutoff values of TMH, TMA, and SMTube for DED were 0.197 mm, 0.020 mm2 and 3.8 mm, respectively. SMTube had significant correlations with TMH (r=0.82, P<0.001) and TMA (r=0.86, P<0.001). Conclusions: The SMTube was useful in DED diagnosis, the validity of which could be effectively evaluated by the CASIA SS-1000 AS-OCT TM parameters.
{"title":"Application of CASIA SS-1000 Optical Coherence Tomography Tear Meniscus Imaging in Testing the Efficacy of New Strip Meniscometry in Dry Eye Diagnosis","authors":"Megumi Shinzawa, M. Doğru, Keiichi Miyasaka, J. Shimazaki, T. Sekiryu","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000312","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the applicability of CASIA SS-1000 anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) imaging parameters in testing the efficacy of the new strip meniscometry (SM) namely “Strip Meniscometry Tube” (SMTube) in the diagnosis of dry eyes. Methods: Forty-three eyes of 22 patients (4 men and 18 women) with definite dry eye disease (DED) and 49 eyes of 28 normal controls (6 men and 22 women) were studied. All subjects underwent symptom questionnaires, SMTube, the Schirmer-1 test, tear film break-up time measurement, vital staining examinations, as well as tear meniscus height (TMH) and TM area (TMA) measurements using an AS-OCT system. We evaluated the cutoff values for the diagnosis of DED, looked into the correlations between TMH, TMA, and SMTube scores and checked the sensitivity and specificity of these parameters in the diagnosis of DED. Results: The mean values of TMH, TMA, and SMTube scores in the patient group were 0.138±0.102 mm, 0.013±0.015 mm2 and 1.4±2.3 mm, whereas those for the control group were 0.27±0.10 mm, 0.033±0.025 mm2 and 5.8±2.8 mm, respectively. The differences between both groups were significant (P<0.001). The cutoff values of TMH, TMA, and SMTube for DED were 0.197 mm, 0.020 mm2 and 3.8 mm, respectively. SMTube had significant correlations with TMH (r=0.82, P<0.001) and TMA (r=0.86, P<0.001). Conclusions: The SMTube was useful in DED diagnosis, the validity of which could be effectively evaluated by the CASIA SS-1000 AS-OCT TM parameters.","PeriodicalId":12216,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice","volume":"54 1","pages":"S44–S49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83323934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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