Experimental Aging Research最新文献

This study examined the combined influence of assimilation and contrast effects on the memory self-efficacy and objective memory of young (ages 18-25, n = 114), middle-age (ages 26-59, n = 48), and older (ages 60-98, n = 59) adults. We reminded participants that they matched positive, not negative, memory-relevant or memory-irrelevant stereotypes of aging either before (experimental conditions) or after (control condition) they completed a memory self-efficacy questionnaire and took a memory test. Participants exposed to memory-relevant aging stereotypes prior to other measures reported higher memory self-efficacy than those exposed to memory-irrelevant stereotypes; this effect did not depend on age group. In contrast, the effect of stereotype exposure on memory performance differed with age. Young and older, but not middle-aged, adults showed differences in their memory scores depending on whether they were exposed to memory-relevant, memory-irrelevant or no aging stereotypes. In general, exposure to stereotypes (particularly those relevant to memory) had a negative influence on memory that contrasted with its positive effect on memory self-efficacy. Together, these results indicate that exposure to aging stereotypes can have opposing effects on the memory self-efficacy and objective test performance of adults of various ages and that the relevance of the stereotypes to the cognitive domain being assessed matters.

Background: The present study examined age differences in and the relationship between two indices of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression: the degree of emotion regulation and the habitual use of emotion-regulation strategies.

Method: In total, 101 younger and 99 older participants were included in this study. The degree of emotion regulation was measured using an experimental task in which participants were presented with negative or positive pictures and required to regulate their emotions. Habitual use of emotion regulation strategies was measured using an emotion regulation questionnaire.

Results: The results showed that younger adults regulated their emotions to a greater extent than older adults in both reappraisal and suppression. Younger adults were more likely to use reappraisal than were older adults, although there were no age differences in the use of suppression. No significant correlations were found between the degree of emotion regulation and the habitual use of emotion regulation strategies.

Conclusion: These results suggest that age differences in emotion regulation depend on the regulation strategy and that the degree of emotion regulation and habitual use of emotion regulation strategies are independent and quite different indicators in nature.

The aim was to examine the diagnostic efficacy of hippocampal subregions volume and texture in differentiating amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from normal aging changes. Ninety MCI subjects and eighty-eight well-matched healthy controls (HCs) were selected. Twelve hippocampal subregions volume and texture features were extracted using Freesurfer and MaZda based on T1 weighted MRI. Then, two-sample t-test and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression were developed to select a subset of the original features. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to perform the classification task and the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the model. The volume features with high discriminative power were mainly located in the bilateral CA1 and CA4, while texture feature were gray-level non-uniformity, run length non-uniformity and fraction. Our model based on hippocampal subregions volume and texture features achieved better classification performance with an AUC of 0.90. The volume and texture of hippocampal subregions can be utilized for the diagnosis of MCI. Moreover, we found that the features that contributed most to the model were mainly textural features, followed by volume. These results may guide future studies using structural scans to classify patients with MCI.

This study examined the effectiveness of a multiple group membership intervention for reducing the negative effects of age-based stereotype threat (ABST) on older adults' objective memory performance and subjective memory concerns. Healthy older adults (N = 68) were randomly allocated to an ABST + threat-removal (ABST+TR) or ABST + active-control (ABST+AC) condition. After activating ABST, the ABST+TR condition completed a group-listing task and the ABST+AC condition completed a meal-listing task. Participants then completed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Everyday Memory Questionnaire - Revised. One significant difference was found in memory performance between conditions; specifically, after controlling for age, gender, and number of items listed, those in the ABST+TR condition performed significantly better on the RAVLT memory interference trial. Further, listing a greater number of group memberships was associated with better memory performance in the ABST+TR condition. No significant difference was found in subjective memory concerns between the ABST+TR condition and the ABST+AC condition. Overall, the current findings indicated that raising the salience of multiple group memberships offered limited protection for older adults' cognitive test performance in the context of ABST.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the modifying role of dietary fiber intake in the relationship between COPD and cognitive performance.

Methods: Data of adults aged ≥60 years were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Participants with information on cognitive function measures were included. Dietary fiber intake, identified using participants' 24-h recall surveys, was grouped into high (>25 g/day) and low (≤25 g/day) levels. COPD was identified through self-reported physician diagnoses. Associations between dietary fiber intake, cognitive function and COPD were evaluated using the regression analysis.

Results: Data of 2,189 participants were analyzed. Multivariate analysis revealed that COPD was significantly associated with lowered CERAD (adjusted beta [aBeta]: -0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.33 to -0.002, p = .047) and DSST (aBeta: -2.23, 95% CI: -4.25 to -0.2, p = .032) scores in older adults. The analysis on the association between COPD and cognitive function stratified by dietary fiber intake revealed that COPD remained significantly associated with lowered CREAD among individuals with a high fiber intake (aBeta: -0.54, 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.08, p = .024).

Conclusions: In US older adults, COPD is associated with reduced cognitive function. However, the findings do not support that high dietary fiber intake may modify the association between COPD and cognitive impairment.

Objective: The current study aimed to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and quality of life among Jordanian community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample (N = 602) was selected to recruit the participants in the Amman governorate during the period from August to November 2021.

Results: Findings demonstrated that the mean (SD) age of older adults was 67.5 (7.0) years and 51.5% of participants were females. Also, 54.1% of the participants experienced moderate to severe depressive symptoms with a total mean (SD) score was 8.57 on a scale of 0 to 15, while the mean (SD) for the quality of life scale was 12.12 (3.85) on a scale of 4 to 20. Significant differences existed in quality of life and depressive symptoms based on marital status (p < .001), educational level (p < .001), working status (p < .01), income (p < .001), and chronic disease (p < .01). Quality of life and its domains were negatively associated with depressive symptoms (B= - 0.596, p < .001). Also, marital status, working, educational level, income, and chronic disease were associated with depressive symptoms.

Conclusion: Strategies to improve quality of life should be promoted to minimize depressive symptoms among older adults and consider significant demographic factors.

Background: The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in female gender compared with male has been addressed as a health concern, particularly in menopausal age. We here hypothesized that co-administration of NMDARs agonist (D-serine) and AMPARs endocytosis inhibitor (Tat-GluA23y) might be a potential target for alleviating memory impairment in sporadic Alzheimer model of rats.

Methods: Forty-eight female Wistar rats weighing 200-220 randomly divided into six groups. One month later, ovariectomized rats underwent stereotaxic surgery and were cannulated into the brain lateral ventricles. Streptozotocin was injected (3 mg/kg), then animals received the related treatments until the day 51, which experienced acquisition of spatial memory in Morris Water Maze test. Finally, the level of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus was measured by Western blotting.

Results: Co-administration of D-serine and GluA23y significantly enhanced the acquisition and retrieval of impaired spatial memory in ovariectomized rats with AD (p < .001). Compared to Glu-A 23, D-serine caused more improvement in the mentioned parameters above, however, these values for both groups were still significantly different from the control group (P < .05).

Conclusion: Simultaneous treatment with D-serine and GluA23y synergistically improved STZ induced spatial memory impairment in OVX rat, probably partly via increase in phosphorylated CREB protein.

Objectives: We examine age-related differences in recollection and test the impact of words with high vs low sensory experience ratings (SER) in older and younger adults. We expected that the recollection of words with high SER would be similar in older and young adults, as they depend on knowledge, unlike recollection of words with a low SER, which would depend on executive functions.

Methods: We manipulated the sensory experience of words (high vs. low) in encoding in young and older adults. The participants then took a word-recognition test using the Remember/Know paradigm (Gardiner, 1988). We also evaluated executive functions using several measures.

Results: Results show that the age-related difference in recollective experience was eliminated under the high SER encoding condition. Moreover, Remember (R) responses in the low SER condition seem to be related to executive functioning, unlike R responses in the high SER condition and Know (K) responses in both low and high SER conditions.

Discussion: Our study shows that the memory benefit of high-SER words is greater for older than younger adults. The study also supports the observation that older adults can compensate for their deficits by using sensory experience to consciously recollect information.

Background: Vitamin D (VD) is a neuroactive steroid involved in many brain functions, such as neurotrophic, neuroimmune control and neurotransmission, which affects the growth and function of the brain. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of VD on motor and cognitive function of aged mice after sevoflurane anesthesia.

Method: We established sevoflurane anesthesia model and VD(-) and VD(+) mice model. The VD concentration of mice in each group was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An open-field test was used to evaluate the mice's capacity for movement and exploration. A Y-maze test was used to gauge the mice's short-term memory. The primary purpose of the water-maze experiment was to examine mice's long-term spatial memory.

Results: The ELISA results showed that the model was successfully constructed. In the open-field test, VD increased the exercise distance of mice (P < .05). In the Y-maze experiment, VD improved short-term memory impairment in mice (P < .05). In the water-maze test, VD increased the activity time and platform crossing number of mice in the target quadrant. (P < .05).

Conclusion: Sevoflurane anesthesia caused cognitive dysfunction in aged mice, including reduced learning ability, memory loss, lower motor and exploratory abilities and depression, and VD deficiency aggravated these impairments. By supplementing with VD, learning ability and long-term memory were enhanced, motor and exploratory abilities were improved, and depression levels were reduced. Anxiety was also improved.

The gendered expectations and responsibilities placed upon women can impede their ability to participate in social activities and engage in physical leisure pursuits, ultimately having a negative impact on their health. Our study investigates the mechanisms through which gender influences individuals' engagement with physical activity during free time and how this relates to self-rated health outcomes among adults aged 45 years or older living in India. Using cross-sectional analysis and Structural Equation Modelling, we analyzed data stratified by gender and age from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India to examine these conceptual pathways. We found that compared to men, women face greater limitations related to decision-making autonomy, experience more functional impairments, have weaker social networks that provide less support for engaging in leisure-time physical activity, leading them to report lower levels of overall wellbeing than men. Further analyses demonstrated distinct pathways through which each gender's level of social network connectivity shapes behavior - strong connections increase opportunities for women specifically to engage positively with both peers and physically active pursuits supporting overall wellness goals.