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β-PIX-d, a Member of the ARHGEF7 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Family, Activates Rac1 and Induces Neuritogenesis in Primary Cortical Neurons. ARHGEF7鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子家族成员β-PIX-d可激活Rac1并诱导原发性皮层神经元的神经元发生
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.5607/en24026
Seunghyuk Kim, Heeyoung Park, Jieun Kang, Seunghyuk Choi, Ali Sadra, Sung-Oh Huh

β-PIX, a Rac1/Cdc42-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is known to regulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling during cell migration. In this study, we investigated the effects of β-PIX-d, an isoform of β-PIX, on neocortical development and neuritogenesis. Overexpression of β-PIX-d in the embryonic neocortex induced increased cell clusters and enhanced neurite outgrowth in cortical neurons. Following in utero electroporation of β-PIX-d expression vectors into neuronal progenitor cells at embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), histological analysis at postnatal day 0 (P0) revealed the presence of clustered neurons and neurites outside of the marginal zone (MZ). Immunofluorescence staining with the neuronal marker TuJ1 confirmed that the clustered structures were predominantly composed of neurons. Layer-specific marker analysis further demonstrated the misplacement of layer V-VI neurons into layer I and the subarachnoid space. In primary neocortical cultures, β-PIX-d overexpression promoted neuritogenesis and increased Rac1 activity, as detected by pull-down assays. These findings suggest that β-PIX-d and Rac1 interactions play a critical role in the formation of neocortical clustering and the regulation of neuritogenesis.

众所周知,β-PIX 是一种 Rac1/Cdc42 特异性鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子,可在细胞迁移过程中调节肌动蛋白细胞骨架重塑。在本研究中,我们研究了β-PIX-d(β-PIX的一种异构体)对新皮质发育和神经发生的影响。在胚胎新皮质中过表达β-PIX-d可诱导细胞簇的增加,并增强皮质神经元的神经元突起。在胚胎第13.5天(E13.5)将β-PIX-d表达载体电穿孔到神经元祖细胞后,出生后第0天(P0)的组织学分析显示,边缘区(MZ)外存在集群神经元和神经元。用神经元标记物 TuJ1 进行免疫荧光染色证实,成簇结构主要由神经元组成。层特异性标记物分析进一步证明了第 V-VI 层神经元错位到了第 I 层和蛛网膜下腔。在原代新皮质培养物中,β-PIX-d 的过表达促进了神经元的生成,并通过拉下检测增加了 Rac1 的活性。这些研究结果表明,β-PIX-d 和 Rac1 的相互作用在新皮层集群的形成和神经元发生的调控中起着关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Odor Category Similarity on Multimedia Experience. 气味类别相似性对多媒体体验的影响
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.5607/en24020
Kwangsu Kim, Jisub Bae, JeeWon Lee, Sun Ae Moon, Sang-Ho Lee, Won-Seok Kang, Cheil Moon

Although we have multiple senses, multimedia mainly targets vision and olfaction. To expand the senses impacted by multimedia, olfactory stimulation has been used to enhance the sense of reality. Odors are primarily matched with objects in scenes. However, it is impractical to select all odors that match all objects in a scene and offer them to viewers. As an alternative, offering a single odor in a category as representative of other odors belonging to that category has been suggested. However, it is unclear whether viewers' responses to videos with multiple odors (e.g., rose, lavender, and lily) from a category (e.g., flowers) are comparable. Therefore, we studied whether odors belonging to a given category could be similar in behavioral congruency and in the five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) of electroencephalogram (EEG) data collected while viewers watched videos. We conducted questionnaires and EEG experiments to understand the effects of similar odors belonging to categories. Our results showed that similar odors in a specific odor category were more congruent with videos than those in different odor categories. In our EEG data, the delta and theta bands were mainly clustered when odors were offered to viewers in similar categories. The theta band is known to be primarily related to the neural signals of odor information. Our studies showed that choosing odors based on odor categories in multimedia can be feasible.

虽然我们有多种感官,但多媒体主要针对视觉和嗅觉。为了扩大受多媒体影响的感官范围,人们利用嗅觉刺激来增强现实感。气味主要与场景中的物体相匹配。然而,选择与场景中所有物体相匹配的所有气味并提供给观众是不切实际的。作为一种替代方法,有人建议提供一个类别中的单一气味,作为属于该类别的其他气味的代表。然而,目前还不清楚观众对含有一个类别(如花卉)中多种气味(如玫瑰、薰衣草和百合)的视频的反应是否具有可比性。因此,我们研究了属于特定类别的气味在行为一致性和观众观看视频时收集的脑电图(EEG)数据的五个频段(δ、θ、α、β和γ)中是否具有相似性。我们进行了问卷调查和脑电图实验,以了解属于不同类别的相似气味的影响。我们的结果表明,与不同气味类别的气味相比,特定气味类别中的相似气味与视频的一致性更高。在我们的脑电图数据中,当向观众提供类似类别的气味时,delta 和 theta 波段主要聚集在一起。众所周知,θ 波段主要与气味信息的神经信号有关。我们的研究表明,在多媒体中根据气味类别选择气味是可行的。
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引用次数: 0
Bidirectional Control of Emotional Behaviors by Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons in the Orbitofrontal Cortex. 轨道额叶皮层的兴奋和抑制神经元对情绪行为的双向控制
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.5607/en24021
Jihoon Kim, Mijung Choi, Jimin Lee, Inah Park, Kyungjin Kim, Han Kyoung Choe

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a crucial role in mood disorders; however, its specific role in the emotional behaviors of mice remains unclear. This study investigates the bidirectional control of emotional behaviors using population calcium dynamics and optogenetic manipulation of OFC neurons. Fiber photometry of OFC neurons revealed that OFC excitatory neurons consistently responded to the onset and offset of aversive conditions, showing decreased activation in response to anxiogenic and stressful stimuli, including tail suspension, restraint stress, and exposure to the center of the open field. The selective activation of excitatory neurons in the OFC reduced the time spent in the center of the open field, whereas optogenetic activation of inhibitory neurons in the OFC induced the opposite behavioral changes. We also provided a brain-wide activation map for OFC excitatory and inhibitory neuron activation. Our findings demonstrate that excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the OFC play opposing roles in the regulation of emotional behaviors. These results provide new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying emotional control and suggest that targeting these specific neuronal populations may offer novel therapeutic strategies for emotional disorders.

眶额皮层(OFC)在情绪障碍中起着至关重要的作用;然而,它在小鼠情绪行为中的具体作用仍不清楚。本研究利用群体钙动力学和光遗传学操纵 OFC 神经元,研究了情绪行为的双向控制。OFC神经元的纤维光度测量显示,OFC兴奋性神经元始终对厌恶条件的开始和抵消做出反应,在对焦虑性和应激性刺激(包括尾巴悬吊、束缚应激和暴露于开阔地中心)做出反应时显示出激活减少。选择性激活OFC中的兴奋性神经元会减少在开放场中心花费的时间,而光遗传激活OFC中的抑制性神经元则会诱发相反的行为变化。我们还提供了一个全脑激活图谱,用于显示OFC兴奋性和抑制性神经元的激活情况。我们的研究结果表明,OFC中的兴奋性神经元和抑制性神经元在情绪行为的调节中扮演着相反的角色。这些结果为了解情绪控制的神经机制提供了新的视角,并表明针对这些特定的神经元群可能为情绪障碍提供新的治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Systemic Inflammation Decreases Initial Brain Injury but Attenuates Neurite Extension and Synapse Formation during the Repair of Injured Brains. 全身性炎症会减轻最初的脑损伤,但会减弱损伤脑修复过程中神经元的延伸和突触的形成
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.5607/en24018
Sushil Gaire, Haijie Yang, Manisha Dumre, Eun Jeong Lee, Sang-Myun Park, Eun-Hye Joe

In this study, we explored the impact of systemic inflammation on initial brain injury and repair processes, including neurite extension and synapse formation. For this purpose, we established a brain injury model by administering adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a component of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), through stereotaxic injection into the striatum of mice. Systemic inflammation was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS-ip). Bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses and immunostaining for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) showed that LPS-ip led to a reduction in initial brain injury, but inhibited neurite extension into the damaged brain. LPS-ip upregulated expression of defense response genes and anti-apoptotic genes, but decreased expression of genes associated with repair and regeneration. In addition, LPS-ip reduced levels of vGlut1 and PSD95 (markers for excitatory pre and post synapses, respectively), but had little effect on vGAT and gephyrin (markers for inhibitory pre and post synapses, respectively). Taken together, these findings suggest that systemic inflammation reduce initial damage but impede subsequent repair process.

在这项研究中,我们探讨了全身性炎症对最初脑损伤和修复过程(包括神经元延伸和突触形成)的影响。为此,我们通过向小鼠纹状体立体定向注射损伤相关分子模式(DAMPs)的一种成分--三磷酸腺苷(ATP),建立了一种脑损伤模型。腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS-ip)诱发全身炎症。大量RNA序列(RNA-seq)分析以及微管相关蛋白2(MAP2)和酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的免疫染色显示,LPS-ip导致初始脑损伤减轻,但抑制了神经元向受损大脑的延伸。LPS-ip 上调了防御反应基因和抗凋亡基因的表达,但降低了与修复和再生相关的基因的表达。此外,LPS-ip 还降低了 vGlut1 和 PSD95(分别为兴奋性前突触和后突触的标记)的水平,但对 vGAT 和 gephyrin(分别为抑制性前突触和后突触的标记)几乎没有影响。综上所述,这些研究结果表明,全身性炎症会减轻最初的损伤,但会阻碍随后的修复过程。
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引用次数: 0
Generation of Astrocyte-specific BEST1 Conditional Knockout Mouse with Reduced Tonic GABA Inhibition in the Brain. 产生星形胶质细胞特异性 BEST1 条件性基因敲除小鼠,降低大脑中的强直性 GABA 抑制。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5607/en24019
Jinhyeong Joo,Ki Jung Kim,Jiwoon Lim,Sun Yeong Choi,Wuhyun Koh,C Justin Lee
Bestrophin-1 (BEST1) is a Ca2+-activated anion channel known for its role in astrocytes. Best1 is permeable to gliotransmitters, including GABA, to contribute to tonic GABA inhibition and modulate synaptic transmission in neighboring neurons. Despite the crucial functions of astrocytic BEST1, there is an absence of genetically engineered cell-type specific conditional mouse models addressing these roles. In this study, we developed an astrocyte-specific BEST1 conditional knock-out (BEST1 aKO) mouse line. Using the embryonic stem cell (ES cell) targeting method, we developed Best1 floxed mice (C57BL/6JCya-Best1em1flox/Cya), which have exon 3, 4, 5, and 6 of Best1 flanked by two loxP sites. By crossing with hGFAP-CreERT2 mice, we generated Best1 floxed/hGFAP-CreERT2 mice, which allowed for the tamoxifen-inducible deletion of Best1 under the human GFAP promoter. We characterized its features across various brain regions, including the striatum, hippocampal dentate gyrus (HpDG), and Parafascicular thalamic nucleus (Pf). Compared to the Cre-negative control, we observed significantly reduced BEST1 protein expression in immunohistochemistry (IHC) and tonic GABA inhibition in patch clamp recordings. The reduction in tonic GABA inhibition was 66.7% in the striatum, 46.4% in the HpDG, and 49.6% in the Pf. Our findings demonstrate that the BEST1 channel in astrocytes significantly contributes to tonic inhibition in the local brain areas. These mice will be valuable for future studies not only on tonic GABA release but also on tonic release of gliotransmitters mediated by astrocytic BEST1.
Bestrophin-1(BEST1)是一种 Ca2+ 激活的阴离子通道,因其在星形胶质细胞中的作用而闻名。Best1 对神经胶质递质(包括 GABA)具有通透性,可促进 GABA 的强直性抑制并调节邻近神经元的突触传递。尽管星形胶质细胞 BEST1 具有重要功能,但目前还没有针对这些功能的基因工程细胞型特异性条件小鼠模型。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种星形胶质细胞特异性 BEST1 条件性基因敲除(BEST1 aKO)小鼠品系。利用胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)靶向方法,我们培育出了Best1 悬浮小鼠(C57BL/6JCya-Best1em1flox/Cya),其Best1的第3、4、5和6外显子两侧有两个loxP位点。通过与 hGFAP-CreERT2 小鼠杂交,我们产生了 Best1 悬浮/hGFAP-CreERT2 小鼠,从而在人类 GFAP 启动子下实现了他莫昔芬诱导的 Best1 基因缺失。我们对其在纹状体、海马齿状回(HpDG)和丘脑副筋膜核(Pf)等多个脑区的特征进行了研究。与Cre阴性对照组相比,我们在免疫组化(IHC)中观察到BEST1蛋白表达明显减少,在膜片钳记录中观察到强直性GABA抑制。在纹状体中,强直 GABA 抑制降低了 66.7%,在 HpDG 中降低了 46.4%,在 Pf 中降低了 49.6%。我们的研究结果表明,星形胶质细胞中的 BEST1 通道对局部脑区的强直性抑制有显著作用。这些小鼠不仅对GABA的强直性释放,而且对星形胶质细胞BEST1介导的神经胶质递质的强直性释放都具有重要的研究价值。
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引用次数: 0
Phosphorylated Tau in the Taste Buds of Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. 阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型味蕾中的磷酸化 Tau
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5607/en24004
Hyun Ji Kim,Bo Hye Kim,Dong Kyu Kim,Hanbin Kim,Sang-Hyun Choi,Dong-Hoon Kim,Myunghwan Choi,Inhee Mook-Jung,Yong Taek Jeong,Obin Kwon
Numerous systemic diseases manifest with oral symptoms and signs. The molecular diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide, currently relies on invasive or expensive methods, emphasizing the imperative for easily accessible biomarkers. In this study, we explored the expression patterns of key proteins implicated in AD pathophysiology within the taste buds of mice. We detected the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau protein in the taste buds of normal C57BL/6 mice. Phosphorylated tau was predominantly found in type II and III taste cells, while APP was located in type I taste cells. Remarkably, we observed significantly stronger immunoreactivity to phosphorylated tau in the taste buds of aged AD mouse models compared to age-matched controls. These findings underscore the oral expression of biomarkers associated with AD, highlighting the diagnostic potential of the oral cavity for neurodegenerative diseases.
许多全身性疾病都有口腔症状和体征。阿尔茨海默病(AD)是全球最常见的神经退行性疾病,其分子诊断目前依赖于侵入性或昂贵的方法,这强调了寻找易于获取的生物标志物的必要性。在这项研究中,我们探索了与 AD 病理生理学有关的关键蛋白在小鼠味蕾中的表达模式。我们检测了正常 C57BL/6 小鼠味蕾中淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)和 tau 蛋白的表达。磷酸化 tau 主要存在于 II 型和 III 型味觉细胞中,而 APP 则存在于 I 型味觉细胞中。值得注意的是,与年龄匹配的对照组相比,我们在老年 AD 模型小鼠的味蕾中观察到了明显更强的磷酸化 tau 免疫反应。这些发现强调了口腔中与AD相关的生物标记物的表达,凸显了口腔对神经退行性疾病的诊断潜力。
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引用次数: 0
FAM19A5 Deficiency Mitigates the Aβ Plaque Burden and Improves Cognition in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. 缺失 FAM19A5 可减轻 Aβ 斑块负担并改善阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型的认知能力。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5607/en24017
Sumi Park, Anu Shahapal, Sangjin Yoo, Hoyun Kwak, Minhyeok Lee, Sang-Myeong Lee, Jong-Ik Hwang, Jae Young Seong

FAM19A5, a novel secretory protein highly expressed in the brain, is potentially associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its role in the AD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the potential function of FAM19A5 in the context of AD. We generated APP/PS1 mice with partial FAM19A5 deficiency, termed APP/PS1/FAM19A5+/LacZ mice. Compared with control APP/PS1 mice, APP/PS1/FAM19A5+/LacZ mice exhibited significantly lower Aβ plaque density and prolonged the lifespan of the APP/PS1 mice. To further explore the therapeutic potential of targeting FAM19A5, we developed a FAM19A5 antibody. Administration of this antibody to APP/PS1 mice significantly improved their performance in the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests, indicating enhanced cognitive function. This effect was replicated in 5XFAD mice, a model of early-onset AD characterized by rapid Aβ accumulation. Additionally, FAM19A5 antibody treatment in 5XFAD mice led to enhanced exploration of novel objects and increased spontaneous alternation behavior in the novel object recognition and Y-maze tests, respectively, indicating improved cognitive function. These findings suggest that FAM19A5 plays a significant role in AD pathology and that targeting with FAM19A5 antibodies may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.

FAM19A5是一种在大脑中高表达的新型分泌蛋白,可能与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的进展有关。然而,它在阿尔茨海默病发病机制中的作用仍不清楚。在此,我们研究了 FAM19A5 在阿尔茨海默病中的潜在功能。我们培育了部分缺乏FAM19A5的APP/PS1小鼠,称为APP/PS1/FAM19A5+/LacZ小鼠。与对照组APP/PS1小鼠相比,APP/PS1/FAM19A5+/LacZ小鼠的Aβ斑块密度显著降低,并延长了APP/PS1小鼠的寿命。为了进一步探索靶向 FAM19A5 的治疗潜力,我们开发了一种 FAM19A5 抗体。给APP/PS1小鼠注射该抗体后,它们在Y迷宫和被动回避测试中的表现明显改善,表明认知功能增强。这种效果在5XFAD小鼠中得到了复制,5XFAD是一种以Aβ快速积累为特征的早发性AD模型。此外,对5XFAD小鼠进行FAM19A5抗体治疗后,小鼠对新物体的探索能力增强,在新物体识别和Y迷宫测试中的自发交替行为增加,这表明小鼠的认知功能得到了改善。这些研究结果表明,FAM19A5在AD病理学中起着重要作用,用FAM19A5抗体靶向治疗AD可能是一种很有前景的治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Modulation of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression by Physical Exercise in Reserpine-induced Pain-depression Dyad in Mice. 体育锻炼对小鼠肾上腺素诱发的疼痛-抑郁二联症中脑源性神经营养因子表达的调节作用
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5607/en24014
Dong-Wook Kang,Sheu-Ran Choi,Hyunjin Shin,Hyeryeong Lee,Jaehong Park,Miae Lee,Miok Bae,Hyun-Woo Kim
Pain accompanied by depressive symptoms is a common reason for seeking medical assistance, and many chronic pain patients experience comorbid depression. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a well-known neurotrophin expressed throughout the nervous system, playing a crucial role in neuronal growth and neuroplasticity. This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise on BDNF expression in the nervous system and reserpine (RSP)-induced pain-depression dyad. RSP (1 mg/kg) was subcutaneously administered once daily for three days in mice. The exercise was performed using a rota-rod tester for seven consecutive days following RSP administration. Pain responses were evaluated using von Frey filaments, and depression-like behaviors were assessed through forced swimming and open field tests. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine the changes in BDNF expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), spinal cord, and hippocampus. Administration of RSP reduced mechanical paw withdrawal threshold, increased immobility time in the forced swimming test, and decreased movement in the open field test. The immunoreactivity of BDNF was increased in the DRG and spinal dorsal regions, and decreased in the hippocampus after RSP administration. Physical exercise significantly reduced the RSP-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and depression-like behaviors. In addition, exercise suppressed not only the increased expression of BDNF in the DRG and spinal dorsal regions but also the decreased expression of BDNF in the hippocampus induced by RSP administration. These findings suggest that repetitive exercise could serve as an effective and non-invasive treatment option for individuals experiencing both pain and depression by modulating BDNF expression.
伴有抑郁症状的疼痛是寻求医疗帮助的常见原因,许多慢性疼痛患者会合并抑郁症。脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)是一种众所周知的神经营养素,在整个神经系统中均有表达,在神经元生长和神经可塑性中起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在探讨运动对神经系统和利舍平(RSP)诱导的疼痛-抑郁二联症中 BDNF 表达的影响。小鼠皮下注射雷舍平(1 毫克/千克),每天一次,连续三天。给药后连续七天使用罗塔杆测试仪进行锻炼。使用 von Frey 灯丝评估疼痛反应,并通过强迫游泳和开阔地测试评估抑郁样行为。免疫荧光染色检查了背根神经节(DRG)、脊髓和海马中 BDNF 表达的变化。给予 RSP 会降低机械爪抽出阈值,增加强迫游泳试验中的静止时间,并减少开阔地试验中的运动。服用RSP后,DRG和脊髓背侧区的BDNF免疫活性增加,海马区的BDNF免疫活性降低。体育锻炼能明显减轻 RSP 引起的机械过敏和抑郁样行为。此外,运动不仅抑制了RSP诱导的DRG和脊髓背区BDNF表达的增加,还抑制了RSP诱导的海马区BDNF表达的减少。这些研究结果表明,通过调节 BDNF 的表达,重复运动可作为一种有效的非侵入性治疗方法,用于治疗疼痛和抑郁患者。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in Retinal Structure and Function in Mice Exposed to Flickering Blue Light: Electroretinographic and Optical Coherence Tomographic Analyses. 暴露于闪烁蓝光的小鼠视网膜结构和功能的变化:视网膜电图和光学相干断层扫描分析。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.5607/en24011
Yan Zhang, Sun-Sook Paik, In-Beom Kim

The harmful effects of blue light on the retina and health issues attributed to flickering light have been researched extensively. However, reports on the effects of flickering blue light at a frequency in the visible range on the retina are limited. This study aimed to non-invasively investigate the structural and functional changes in mice retinas following exposure to flickering blue light. BALB/c mice were subjected to non-flickering and flickering blue light, and changes in the retinal function and structure were assessed using electroretinography (ERG) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), respectively. Retinal damage progression was monitored on days 3, 7, 14, and 42 following light exposure. Significant reductions in scotopic and photopic ERG responses were observed on day 3 (p<0.05). On day 7, the non-flickering and flickering groups demonstrated different functional changes: the flickering group showed further ERG response reduction, while the non-flickering group showed no reduction or slight improvement that was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). A similar trend lasted by day 14. On day 42, however, the difference between the non-flickering and flickering groups was significant, which was corroborated by the normalized amplitudes at 0, 0.5, and 1 log cd s/m2 (p<0.05). Quantitative and qualitative SD-OCT assays revealed more severe and progressive retinal damage in the flickering group throughout the study. Flickering blue light causes more persistent and severe retinal damage than non-flickering blue light and may be a risk factor for retinal degeneration even at frequencies as low as 20 Hz.

关于蓝光对视网膜的有害影响以及闪烁光引起的健康问题,已经进行了广泛的研究。然而,关于频率在可见光范围内的闪烁蓝光对视网膜的影响的报道却很有限。本研究旨在对小鼠视网膜暴露于闪烁蓝光后的结构和功能变化进行非侵入性研究。将 BALB/c 小鼠置于非闪烁蓝光和闪烁蓝光下,分别使用视网膜电图(ERG)和光谱域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)评估视网膜功能和结构的变化。在光照射后的第 3、7、14 和 42 天,监测视网膜损伤的进展情况。在第 3 天,观察到散光和光视 ERG 反应显著降低(p0.05)。类似的趋势持续到第 14 天。然而,在第 42 天,非闪烁组和闪烁组之间的差异显著,这在 0、0.5 和 1 log cd s/m2 的归一化振幅上得到了证实(p.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Egocentric 3D Skeleton Learning in a Deep Neural Network Encodes Obese-like Motion Representations. 在深度神经网络中进行以自我为中心的三维骨架学习,可编码类似肥胖的运动表象。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.5607/en24008
Jea Kwon, Moonsun Sa, Hyewon Kim, Yejin Seong, C Justin Lee

Obesity is a growing health concern, mainly caused by poor dietary habits. Yet, accurately tracking the diet and food intake of individuals with obesity is challenging. Although 3D motion capture technology is becoming increasingly important in healthcare, its potential for detecting early signs of obesity has not been fully explored. In this research, we used a deep LSTM network trained with individual identity (identity-trained deep LSTM network) to analyze 3D time-series skeleton data from mouse models with diet-induced obesity. First, we analyzed the data from two different viewpoints: allocentric and egocentric. Second, we trained various deep recurrent networks (e.g., RNN, GRU, LSTM) to predict the identity. Lastly, we tested whether these models effectively encode obese-like motion representations by training a support vector classifier with the latent features from the last layer. Our experimental results indicate that the optimal performance is achieved when utilizing an identity-trained deep LSTM network in conjunction with an egocentric viewpoint. This approach suggests a new way to use deep learning to spot health risks in mouse models of obesity and should be useful for detecting early signs of obesity in humans.

肥胖是一个日益令人担忧的健康问题,其主要原因是不良的饮食习惯。然而,准确跟踪肥胖症患者的饮食和食物摄入量却具有挑战性。虽然三维运动捕捉技术在医疗保健领域的重要性日益凸显,但其在检测肥胖症早期症状方面的潜力尚未得到充分挖掘。在这项研究中,我们使用以个体身份进行训练的深度 LSTM 网络(身份训练深度 LSTM 网络)来分析节食诱发肥胖小鼠模型的三维时间序列骨骼数据。首先,我们从两个不同的视角对数据进行了分析:分配中心视角和自我中心视角。其次,我们训练了各种深度递归网络(如 RNN、GRU、LSTM)来预测身份。最后,我们利用最后一层的潜在特征训练支持向量分类器,测试这些模型是否能有效地编码类似肥胖的运动表征。我们的实验结果表明,当利用身份训练的深度 LSTM 网络与自我中心视角相结合时,可以获得最佳性能。这种方法为利用深度学习发现小鼠肥胖模型中的健康风险提供了一种新方法,并可用于检测人类肥胖的早期迹象。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Experimental Neurobiology
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