Mwayi Kachapila, Shreya Sindhu, Jyoti Dhiman, Dhruva N. Ghosh, Susan John, Mark Monahan, Dion G. Morton, Tracy E. Roberts, Atul Suroy, Raymond Oppong
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{"title":"THE COST OF PAEDIATRIC ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT IN INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM A TEACHING HOSPITAL","authors":"Mwayi Kachapila, Shreya Sindhu, Jyoti Dhiman, Dhruva N. Ghosh, Susan John, Mark Monahan, Dion G. Morton, Tracy E. Roberts, Atul Suroy, Raymond Oppong","doi":"10.1017/exp.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We prove that certain differential operators of the form $ DLD $ with $ L $ hypergeometric and $ D=zfrac{partial }{dz} $ are of Picard–Fuchs type. We give closed hypergeometric expressions for minors of the biextension period matrices that arise from certain rank 4 weight 3 Calabi–Yau motives presumed to be of analytic rank 1. We compare their values numerically to the first derivative of the $ L $ -functions of the respective motives at $ s=2 $ .
摘要用$ L $超几何和$ D=zfrac{partial }{dz} $证明了形式为$ DLD $的微分算子是Picard-Fuchs型。我们给出了一类双扩展周期矩阵的子矩阵的闭超几何表达式，这些子矩阵是由假定为解析秩1的阶4权3 Calabi-Yau动机所产生的。我们将它们的值与$ s=2 $上各自动机的$ L $ -函数的一阶导数进行数值比较。
{"title":"On L-derivatives and biextensions of Calabi–Yau motives","authors":"Vasily Golyshev","doi":"10.1017/exp.2023.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2023.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We prove that certain differential operators of the form $ DLD $ with $ L $ hypergeometric and $ D=zfrac{partial }{dz} $ are of Picard–Fuchs type. We give closed hypergeometric expressions for minors of the biextension period matrices that arise from certain rank 4 weight 3 Calabi–Yau motives presumed to be of analytic rank 1. We compare their values numerically to the first derivative of the $ L $ -functions of the respective motives at $ s=2 $ .","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80378205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Test anxiety refers to maladaptive cognitive and physiological reactions that interfere with optimal performance. Self-regulatory models suggest test anxiety occurs when there is a perceived discrepancy between current functioning and mental representations of desired academic goals. Interestingly, prior investigations have demonstrated those with greater interhemispheric communication are better able to detect discrepancies between current functioning and preexisting mental representations. Thus, the current study was designed to investigate the relationship between test anxiety and handedness—a commonly used proxy variable for interhemispheric communication. Undergraduate and graduate students (N = 277, 85.20% female, 68.19% Caucasian, $ overline{chi} $ age = 29.88) (SD = 9.53) completed the FRIEDBEN Test Anxiety Scale and Edinburgh Handedness Inventory – Short Form. A series of Mann–Whitney U tests were used to test for differences in the cognitive, physiological, and social components of test anxiety between mixed- and consistent-handers. The results indicated that mixed-handers had significantly higher levels of cognitive test anxiety than consistent-handers. We believe this information has important implications for our understanding of the role of discrepancy detection and interhemispheric communication in eliciting and maintaining test-anxious responses.
考试焦虑是指干扰最佳表现的认知和生理反应不良。自我调节模型表明，当当前功能与期望的学术目标的心理表征之间存在感知差异时，就会出现考试焦虑。有趣的是，先前的研究表明，那些大脑半球间沟通能力更强的人能够更好地发现当前功能和先前存在的心理表征之间的差异。因此，本研究旨在调查考试焦虑和利手性之间的关系，利手性是大脑半球间交流的常用代理变量。本科生和研究生(N = 277, 85.20)% female, 68.19% Caucasian, $ overline{chi} $ age = 29.88) (SD = 9.53) completed the FRIEDBEN Test Anxiety Scale and Edinburgh Handedness Inventory – Short Form. A series of Mann–Whitney U tests were used to test for differences in the cognitive, physiological, and social components of test anxiety between mixed- and consistent-handers. The results indicated that mixed-handers had significantly higher levels of cognitive test anxiety than consistent-handers. We believe this information has important implications for our understanding of the role of discrepancy detection and interhemispheric communication in eliciting and maintaining test-anxious responses.
{"title":"Handedness and test anxiety: An examination of mixed-handed and consistent-handed students","authors":"Christopher L. Thomas, Savannah B. Fitch","doi":"10.1017/exp.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Test anxiety refers to maladaptive cognitive and physiological reactions that interfere with optimal performance. Self-regulatory models suggest test anxiety occurs when there is a perceived discrepancy between current functioning and mental representations of desired academic goals. Interestingly, prior investigations have demonstrated those with greater interhemispheric communication are better able to detect discrepancies between current functioning and preexisting mental representations. Thus, the current study was designed to investigate the relationship between test anxiety and handedness—a commonly used proxy variable for interhemispheric communication. Undergraduate and graduate students (N = 277, 85.20% female, 68.19% Caucasian, $ overline{chi} $ age = 29.88) (SD = 9.53) completed the FRIEDBEN Test Anxiety Scale and Edinburgh Handedness Inventory – Short Form. A series of Mann–Whitney U tests were used to test for differences in the cognitive, physiological, and social components of test anxiety between mixed- and consistent-handers. The results indicated that mixed-handers had significantly higher levels of cognitive test anxiety than consistent-handers. We believe this information has important implications for our understanding of the role of discrepancy detection and interhemispheric communication in eliciting and maintaining test-anxious responses.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78049650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Yield decline has been the hallmark of Ethiopian sugarcane plantations. However, the extent and causes of the decline have not yet been empirically studied, making it difficult to manage the problem. This study aimed at analyzing the long-term yield data (1954–2022) with respect to variety and soil type. Thus, 8,923 records of yield data were summarized and sorted into decades, varieties, and soil types and then analyzed by applying Mann-Kendall and Tukey’s tests. The fields were classified and mapped using ArcGIS 10.3. The results revealed that 69% of the plantation fields were classified as “yield declining,” and the overall rate of decline has been 8.4 quintals ha−1 year−1 (R2 = 0.76). The rate of decline was higher for older than newer varieties and for vertisols than cambiols. Therefore, the older varieties should be micropropagated or replaced with improved ones, and the vertisols should be amended through practices such as green manuring, improved fallows, etc.
{"title":"Analysis of declining trends in sugarcane yield at Wonji-Shoa Sugar Estate, Central Ethiopia","authors":"Alemayehu Dengia, Nigussae Dechassa, Lemma Wogi, Berhanu Amsalu","doi":"10.1017/exp.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Yield decline has been the hallmark of Ethiopian sugarcane plantations. However, the extent and causes of the decline have not yet been empirically studied, making it difficult to manage the problem. This study aimed at analyzing the long-term yield data (1954–2022) with respect to variety and soil type. Thus, 8,923 records of yield data were summarized and sorted into decades, varieties, and soil types and then analyzed by applying Mann-Kendall and Tukey’s tests. The fields were classified and mapped using ArcGIS 10.3. The results revealed that 69% of the plantation fields were classified as “yield declining,” and the overall rate of decline has been 8.4 quintals ha−1 year−1 (R2 = 0.76). The rate of decline was higher for older than newer varieties and for vertisols than cambiols. Therefore, the older varieties should be micropropagated or replaced with improved ones, and the vertisols should be amended through practices such as green manuring, improved fallows, etc.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84972180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article analyzes raw driving data of passenger cars in the city of Semnan in Iran, with the objective of understanding the impact of traffic conditions at different times of day (morning, noon, evening, and night). For this study, two cars, the Toyota Prius and the Peugeot Pars (or the IKCO Persia), were used, and the data of speed, longitude, latitude, and altitude of the vehicles were acquired. This data was collected over a week (July 21–28, 2022) for a distance of 670 km (13 hr), with the help of the Global Positioning System application, and were presented for both cars. In addition to this, the data on fuel consumption and average speed, based on the Electronic Control Unit in the Prius, was also collected. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was done on the features of the raw data, based on the Principal Component Analysis method.
{"title":"Raw driving data of passenger cars considering traffic conditions in Semnan city","authors":"M. Azadi, A. Malekan, Aliasghar Shahsavand","doi":"10.1017/exp.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyzes raw driving data of passenger cars in the city of Semnan in Iran, with the objective of understanding the impact of traffic conditions at different times of day (morning, noon, evening, and night). For this study, two cars, the Toyota Prius and the Peugeot Pars (or the IKCO Persia), were used, and the data of speed, longitude, latitude, and altitude of the vehicles were acquired. This data was collected over a week (July 21–28, 2022) for a distance of 670 km (13 hr), with the help of the Global Positioning System application, and were presented for both cars. In addition to this, the data on fuel consumption and average speed, based on the Electronic Control Unit in the Prius, was also collected. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was done on the features of the raw data, based on the Principal Component Analysis method.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85691150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Russo, N. S. Bonfiglio, Eva Orlando, G. Falcone, Lucia Iuliano, Antonietta Grandinetti, Carmine Acconcia, Adriana Napoletano, Giada Conte, Barbara Landi, Giovanni Truono, Marco D’Alto, M. P. Penna, Antonio De Luna
Abstract Background Despite the growing interest in addiction research, which demonstrates the potential predictive role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), little is known about their impact on the psychological symptoms of craving. Methods After reviewing the relevant diagnostic criteria for addiction and comorbid mental disorders along with routinely collected clinical and service-use data, 208 outpatients were assessed on the study protocol. Following the recruitment phase, nominal and ordinal data were analyzed using nonparametric methods. Results Most of the outpatients reported ACEs (89.1%) and experienced cravings (73.4–95.7%). A positive association between ACEs and either intention and preplanning (r = .14, p < .05) or lack of control (r = .15; p < .05) of the craving behavior was found. Conclusion Craving behavior in addiction remains a subject of debate. Although correlation analyses showed significant associations between reported ACEs and measures of craving, they were relatively small.
{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences and craving: Results from an Italian population in outpatient addiction treatment","authors":"C. Russo, N. S. Bonfiglio, Eva Orlando, G. Falcone, Lucia Iuliano, Antonietta Grandinetti, Carmine Acconcia, Adriana Napoletano, Giada Conte, Barbara Landi, Giovanni Truono, Marco D’Alto, M. P. Penna, Antonio De Luna","doi":"10.1017/exp.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Despite the growing interest in addiction research, which demonstrates the potential predictive role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), little is known about their impact on the psychological symptoms of craving. Methods After reviewing the relevant diagnostic criteria for addiction and comorbid mental disorders along with routinely collected clinical and service-use data, 208 outpatients were assessed on the study protocol. Following the recruitment phase, nominal and ordinal data were analyzed using nonparametric methods. Results Most of the outpatients reported ACEs (89.1%) and experienced cravings (73.4–95.7%). A positive association between ACEs and either intention and preplanning (r = .14, p < .05) or lack of control (r = .15; p < .05) of the craving behavior was found. Conclusion Craving behavior in addiction remains a subject of debate. Although correlation analyses showed significant associations between reported ACEs and measures of craving, they were relatively small.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73784435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Mountford, C. Mathew, R. Ghildyal, Andrea Bugarcic
Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder clinically manifesting in uncontrolled motor symptoms. There are two primary hallmark features of Parkinson’s disease—an irreversible loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and formation of intracellular insoluble aggregates called Lewy bodies mostly composed of alpha-synuclein. Using a clinical improvements-first approach, we identified several clinical trials involving consumption of a specific diet or nutritional supplementation that improved motor and nonmotor functions. Here, we aimed to investigate if and how pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) compound disrupts preformed alpha-synuclein deposits using SH-SY5Y cells, widely used Parkinson’s disease cellular model. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, incubated in presence of potassium chloride (KCl) to induce alpha-synuclein protein aggregation, were treated with PQQ for up to 48 hr. Resulting aggregates were examined and quantified using confocal microscopy. Overall, nutritional compound PQQ reduced the average number and overall size of intracellular cytoplasmic alpha-synuclein aggregates in a PD cellular model.
{"title":"Pyrroloquinoline quinone influences intracellular alpha-synuclein aggregates","authors":"E. Mountford, C. Mathew, R. Ghildyal, Andrea Bugarcic","doi":"10.1017/exp.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder clinically manifesting in uncontrolled motor symptoms. There are two primary hallmark features of Parkinson’s disease—an irreversible loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and formation of intracellular insoluble aggregates called Lewy bodies mostly composed of alpha-synuclein. Using a clinical improvements-first approach, we identified several clinical trials involving consumption of a specific diet or nutritional supplementation that improved motor and nonmotor functions. Here, we aimed to investigate if and how pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) compound disrupts preformed alpha-synuclein deposits using SH-SY5Y cells, widely used Parkinson’s disease cellular model. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, incubated in presence of potassium chloride (KCl) to induce alpha-synuclein protein aggregation, were treated with PQQ for up to 48 hr. Resulting aggregates were examined and quantified using confocal microscopy. Overall, nutritional compound PQQ reduced the average number and overall size of intracellular cytoplasmic alpha-synuclein aggregates in a PD cellular model.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83443587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In deception research, little consideration is given to how the framing of the question might impact the decision-making process used to reach a veracity judgment. People use terms such as “sure” to describe their uncertainty about an event (i.e., aleatory) and terms such as “chance” to describe their uncertainty about the world (i.e., epistemic). Presently, the effect of such uncertainty framing on veracity judgments was considered. By manipulating the veracity question wording the effect of uncertainty framing on deception detection was measured. The data show no difference in veracity judgments between the two uncertainty framing conditions, suggesting that these may operate on a robust and invariant cognitive process.
{"title":"Uncertain veracity judgments: Does the framing of the question influence deception detection?","authors":"Mircea Zloteanu","doi":"10.1017/exp.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In deception research, little consideration is given to how the framing of the question might impact the decision-making process used to reach a veracity judgment. People use terms such as “sure” to describe their uncertainty about an event (i.e., aleatory) and terms such as “chance” to describe their uncertainty about the world (i.e., epistemic). Presently, the effect of such uncertainty framing on veracity judgments was considered. By manipulating the veracity question wording the effect of uncertainty framing on deception detection was measured. The data show no difference in veracity judgments between the two uncertainty framing conditions, suggesting that these may operate on a robust and invariant cognitive process.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84942444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Malcolm, Lauren Coates, K. Moravej, A. Melnikov, Steve Butt, K. Poduska
Abstract When two waves interact within a rock sample, the interaction strength depends strongly on the sample’s microstructural properties, including the orientation of the sample layering. The study that established this dependence on layering speculated that the differences were caused by cracks aligned with the layers in the sample. To test this, we applied a uniaxial load to similar samples of Crab Orchard Sandstone and measured the nonlinear interaction as a function of the applied load and layer orientation. We show that the dependence of the nonlinear signal changes on applied load is exponential, with a characteristic load of 11.4–12.5 MPa that is independent of sample orientation and probe wavetype (P or S); this value agrees with results from the literature, but does not support the cracks hypothesis.
{"title":"Experimental monitoring of nonlinear wave interactions in crab orchard sandstone under uniaxial load","authors":"A. Malcolm, Lauren Coates, K. Moravej, A. Melnikov, Steve Butt, K. Poduska","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When two waves interact within a rock sample, the interaction strength depends strongly on the sample’s microstructural properties, including the orientation of the sample layering. The study that established this dependence on layering speculated that the differences were caused by cracks aligned with the layers in the sample. To test this, we applied a uniaxial load to similar samples of Crab Orchard Sandstone and measured the nonlinear interaction as a function of the applied load and layer orientation. We show that the dependence of the nonlinear signal changes on applied load is exponential, with a characteristic load of 11.4–12.5 MPa that is independent of sample orientation and probe wavetype (P or S); this value agrees with results from the literature, but does not support the cracks hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82477386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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