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USE OF INDICATORS OF THE STATE OF MICROCIRCULATION IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN SCHOOLCHILDREN 微循环状态指标在小学生高血压诊断中的应用
Pub Date : 2020-01-19 DOI: 10.24061/1727-4338.xviii.4.70.2019.9
D. Nechytailo, T. Miheeva
Objective . Arterial hypertension is a disease characterized by a periodic or persistent increase of blood pressure that occurs on the background of excessive activity of the sympathoadrenal or renin-angiotensin-systems. The prevalence of hypertension in children is from 1% to 14%, among schoolchildren - 12-18%. The diagnosis of hypertension is established in children in the case when primary arterial hypertension persists for 1 year or more or earlier (in the presence of target organ damage). Purpose of the study. To evaluate and use indicators of the state of microcirculation in the diagnosis of arterial hypertension in schoolchildren. Materials and methods. 80 children of school age from the countryside and the city of Chernivtsi were examined. The average age of the children was 14.2 ± 0.11 years. The main group (40 persons) included children with high blood pressure, and the control group consisted of 40 clinically healthy children. Blood pressure was measured with an automatic blood pressure monitor with interchangeable cuffs, three times with an interval of 2 minutes. The evaluation of the state of peripheral microcirculation was carried out using computer capillaroscopy (quantitative and qualitative parameters were estimated). Results. In 26 children (65.0%) of the main group, the level of blood pressure was within the range of 90-95%, which is estimated as arterial prehypertension; in 14 children (35.0%) - exceeded the 95th percentile, which is regarded as grade 1 arterial hypertension. In all children of the control group, the level of blood pressure was within the range of 25-75 percentile corridor, which corresponds to the normal level of blood pressure. During biomicroscopy of the nail bed capillaries in the main group, 4 children (10%) showed a change in the shape of the capillaries, and there was a decrease in their number per unit area, in 9 children (22.5%) the phenomenon of "sladge" and slowing of blood flow with local spasm of capillaries was observed. In the control group, there were no such changes. When assessing the perivascular zone, linear density and capillary length, there were no differences in these indicators between the groups. A significant difference was observed in children of the main group among the following indicators:  average capillary width, distance between capillaries, average number of anastomoses, which is explained by the presence of local capillary spasm due to reduced oxygenation and slowed blood flow in children with arterial hypertension. Conclusions . In children with arterial hypertension, symptoms of microcirculation disturbance are more often manifested wiyh: a decrease in the width of the capillary, the presence of the phenomenon of "sladge", local spasm and a slowdown in blood flow, a change in the shape of the capillary, which can be explained by vegetative dysregulation, which in turn is accompanied by a violation of hemodynamics at all levels, including capillary.
目标。动脉高血压是一种以交感肾上腺系统或肾素-血管紧张素系统过度活跃为背景的血压周期性或持续性升高为特征的疾病。儿童高血压患病率为1%至14%,学龄儿童为12%至18%。如果原发性动脉高血压持续1年以上或更早(存在靶器官损害),则可诊断为儿童高血压。研究目的:评价微循环状态指标在小学生高血压诊断中的应用。材料和方法。对来自切尔诺夫茨农村和城市的80名学龄儿童进行了调查。患儿平均年龄14.2±0.11岁。主组40人为高血压患儿,对照组40人为临床健康儿童。采用可互换袖口的自动血压计测量血压,每次测量3次,间隔2分钟。采用计算机毛细管镜对外周血微循环状态进行评价(定量和定性参数估计)。结果。主组26例(65.0%)血压在90-95%范围内,估计为动脉性高血压前期;14名儿童(35.0%)-超过95百分位,被认为是1级动脉高血压。对照组患儿血压水平均在25-75百分位走廊范围内,与正常血压水平相对应。主组甲床毛细血管生物显微镜观察,4例(10%)患儿毛细血管形态改变,单位面积毛细血管数量减少,9例(22.5%)患儿出现“淤渣”现象,血流减慢,局部毛细血管痉挛。在对照组中,没有这样的变化。在评估血管周围带、线密度和毛细血管长度时,各组之间这些指标没有差异。主组患儿的平均毛细血管宽度、毛细血管间距离、平均吻合口数等指标差异有统计学意义,这与动脉性高血压患儿由于氧合减少、血流减慢而出现局部毛细血管痉挛有关。结论。在患有动脉性高血压的儿童中,微循环障碍的症状更常表现为:毛细血管宽度减小,存在“污泥”现象,局部痉挛和血流减慢,毛细血管形状改变,这可以用植物性失调来解释,而植物性失调又伴随着包括毛细血管在内的各级血流动力学的破坏。
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引用次数: 0
AN INFLUENCE OF UNITHIOL ON THE FUNCTIONING OF KIDNEY 单叶酚对肾脏功能的影响
Pub Date : 2020-01-19 DOI: 10.24061/1727-4338.xviii.4.70.2019.7
R. Kosuba, V. Gordienko, O. Perepelytsia
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引用次数: 0
THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN PREVENTION OF IODODEFFICY DISEASES IN PERSONS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS 护士在预防不同年龄组人群缺碘性疾病中的作用
Pub Date : 2020-01-19 DOI: 10.24061/1727-4338.xviii.4.70.2019.14
T. Sorokman, M. Bachu, O. Makarova
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引用次数: 0
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INDICATORS OF FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF TISSUES OF INTERNAL ORGANS OF HYPOTHYROID RATS UNDER MELATONIN INFLUENCE 褪黑素影响甲状腺功能减退大鼠脏器组织纤溶活性指标变化的比较分析
Pub Date : 2020-01-19 DOI: 10.24061/1727-4338.xviii.4.70.2019.3
S. Anokhina
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引用次数: 0
USE OF PATHOPSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS IN A COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS IN THE INSTITUTE OF CARDIOLOGY 使用病理心理诊断在一个复杂的治疗病人在心脏病研究所
Pub Date : 2020-01-18 DOI: 10.24061/1727-4338.xviii.4.70.2019.2
Zh. H. Adaricheva
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引用次数: 0
THE COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEUROENDOCRINE RESPONSES OF THE MAGNOCELLULAR AND PARVOCELLULAR VASOPRESSINERGIC NEURONS OF THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS UNDER THE INTERMITTENT HYPOXIC HYPOXIA 间断性缺氧条件下下丘脑室旁核大细胞和小细胞抗利尿激素能神经元神经内分泌反应的比较
Pub Date : 2020-01-18 DOI: 10.24061/1727-4338.xviii.4.70.2019.1
A. V. Abramov, V. A. Shamenko
The brain is the central organ that forms the strategy of neuroendocrine adaptation to various stressors. One of the important mechanisms of brain neuroendocrine adaptation to stress is associated with the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus (PVH). Neuropetides, which are synthesized in PVH, determine the reactivity of all parts of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and ensure the adaptive reactions development and the formation of the body's resistance to stress. Objective.  To study the features of the functional state of vasopressinergic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus under influence of many days intermittent hypoxic hypoxia and in the long-term post-hypoxic period. Materials and methods.  The research was carried out on 30 male Wistar rats. Intermittent hypoxia was modeled by a daily 6-hour stay of rats at the stimulated altitude of 6000 m (pO 2  = 9.8%) for 15 days, the post-hypoxic period lasted 10 days. The expression of vasopressin, cFos, HIF-1  , and HIF-3   proteins in PVH subnuclei was investigated by quantitative immunofluorescence methods in serial frontal sections of the hypothalamus. Results.  Intermittent hypoxic hypoxia led to a significant increase in the content of the studied biomarkers of the functional activity of the peptidergic PVH neurons. So, in the lateral part of the posterior magnocellular subdivision of PVH, the vasopressin content was increased by 5.9 times, cFos protein by 80%, HIF-1   protein by 3.4 times and HIF- 3? protein by 3 times. After the end of the hypoxic effects, the vasopressin content in the region of the medial parvocellular subdivision of PVH was increased by 6.6 times, cFos protein - by 37%, HIF-1   protein by 2.5 times, and HIF-3   protein by 73%. In the posthypoxic period, a decrease in the content of vasopressin in PVH was noted. At the same time, while in the lateral part of the posterior magnocellular subdivision of PVH compared with the hypoxic period, the level of vasopressin was decreased by 4 times and remained by 43% higher than in the control animals, in the medial parvocellular subdivision of PVH the neuropeptide content decreased by 11 times and was by 38 % lower than before the onset of the hypoxic effects. Conclusions.  Hypoxic hypoxia stimulates an increase in the formation of vasopressin, proteins of the HIF family and cFos in the lateral part of the posterior magnocellular and medial parvocellular subdivisions of PVH. In the post-hypoxic period, inhibition of vasopressin synthesis in neurons of the medial parvocellular subdivision is observed while maintaining the increased functional activity of neurons in the lateral part of the posterior magnocellular subdivision of the PVH.
大脑是形成神经内分泌适应各种应激源策略的中枢器官。脑神经内分泌适应应激的重要机制之一与下丘脑室旁核(PVH)有关。PVH中合成的神经肽决定下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴各部分的反应性,保证适应性反应的发展和机体抗应激能力的形成。目标。研究多日间断缺氧和长期缺氧后下丘脑室旁核抗利尿激素神经元功能状态的特点。材料和方法。研究对象为30只雄性Wistar大鼠。大鼠在6000 m刺激高度(pO 2 = 9.8%)每天停留6小时,连续缺氧15 d,后缺氧期持续10 d。应用定量免疫荧光法检测下丘脑额叶连续切片PVH亚核中抗利尿激素、cFos、HIF-1和HIF-3蛋白的表达。结果。间歇性缺氧导致所研究的肽能PVH神经元功能活性生物标志物的含量显著增加。因此,PVH后大细胞细分外侧部分抗利尿激素含量增加了5.9倍,cFos蛋白增加了80%,HIF-1蛋白增加了3.4倍,HIF- 3?蛋白质的3倍。缺氧作用结束后,PVH内侧细细胞细分区抗利尿激素含量增加6.6倍,cFos蛋白-增加37%,HIF-1蛋白增加2.5倍,HIF-3蛋白增加73%。在缺氧后,PVH中抗利尿激素含量下降。与此同时,PVH后大细胞分裂外侧部分抗利尿激素水平较缺氧期下降4倍,仍比对照组高43%;PVH内细细胞分裂内侧部分神经肽含量下降11倍,比缺氧前低38%。结论。低氧缺氧刺激PVH后大细胞和内侧细细胞分支外侧的抗利尿激素、HIF家族蛋白和cFos的形成增加。缺氧后,在PVH后部大细胞细分外侧部分神经元功能活性增加的同时,观察到内侧细小细胞细分神经元抗利尿激素合成受到抑制。
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引用次数: 1
The Clinicopathological and Genetic Characteristics of High-grade Gliomas with Histone H3.3 G34 Mutation in Teenagers and Young adults 青少年组蛋白H3.3 G34突变的高级别胶质瘤的临床病理和遗传学特征
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33696/PATHOLOGY.1.006
Yuanyuan Cheng
33 Chromatin is composed of nucleosomes, with each nucleosome consisting of an octamer of two copies each of histones H3, H4, H2A, and H2B. Chromatin is critical for the control of transcription, replication, DNA repair and other aspects of genomic stability. In humans, there are different histone H3 variants. H3.3 proteins are expressed thoughout the cell cycle as well as in quiescent cells [1], while H3.1 and H3.2 are expressed only during the S-phase [2].
33染色质由核小体组成,每个核小体由组蛋白H3、H4、H2A和H2B各两个拷贝的八聚体组成。染色质对转录、复制、DNA修复和基因组稳定性的其他方面的控制至关重要。在人类中,有不同的组蛋白H3变体。H3.3蛋白在整个细胞周期和静止细胞[1]中表达,而H3.1和H3.2仅在s期[1]中表达。
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引用次数: 0
A New Player in an Old Story: FBXO16 Prevents Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis through Disrupting Cellular Function of Nuclear ?-Catenin 一个古老故事的新玩家:FBXO16通过破坏细胞核-连环蛋白的细胞功能来预防乳腺癌的发生
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33696/pathology.1.004
Debasish Paul, S. Rapole, M. Santra
22 β-Catenin is the central modulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Upon Wnt on state, β-Catenin is translocated to the nucleus and function as a transcription coactivator for several oncogenes. In Wnt off state, β-catenin is mostly localized in the cytoplasm and sequestered by the destruction complex, the negative regulator of β-catenin expression [2,3]. This destruction complex is composed of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), casein kinase 1α (CK1α), glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β (GSK-3α/β), and AXIN1 [4-8]. CK1α initiates the degradation process of β-Catenin by phosphorylating it at Ser45, which is subsequently phosphorylated at Thr41, Ser37, and Ser33 by GSK3β [9]. The phosphorylated β-catenin is then polyubiquitinated by SCFβ-TrCP to promote its proteasomal degradation. In contrast, in the case of Wnt on state, β-catenin is released from the destruction complex and translocate to the nucleus. It is also reported that Norrin and R-Spondin activate Wnt signaling in stem cells and this activation is Wnt ligand independent [10-12]. They bind to LRP5/6 receptor and prevent the inactivation of LRP function by Rnf43/Znrf3. LRP5/6 functions as a coreceptor of Frizzled receptor and helps to separate Axin from the destruction complex. Thus, they help to translocate β-catenin in the nucleus through sequestration of Axin in the membrane. In the nucleus, β-catenin functions as a transcriptional coactivator to relate plethora of genes. Destruction complex-mediated sequestration of β-catenin is efficient to prevent cancer. However, it is ineffective in most of the cancers because of either mutation in the components of the destruction complex [13,14] or in the β-Catenin itself [15,16]. Among the components of destruction complex, loss of APC is main driver for constitutive translocation of β-catenin in colorectal cancer [17]. APC is mutated in almost 49% of colorectal cancers [18]. However, β-Catenin is predominantly mutated in hepatocellular carcinoma, endometrial cancer, and pancreatic cancer [19-21]. In addition to APC inactivation and β-catenin mutation, mutation in R-spondin/LRP5/ RNF43 plays crucial role in Wnt-dependent colorectal cancer. RNF43 is mutated in approximately 19% of colorectal cancer. Similarly, R-spondin is mutated in 10% of colorectal cancer. Interestingly, irrespective of the type of breast cancer, canonical Wnt signaling is activated in almost 50% of breast cancer and is closely associated with reduced overall survival of the breast cancer patients [22]. It is important to note that in most of the breast cancer patients, expression of Wnt ligands and receptors are elevated, whereas antagonists are silence.
22 β-Catenin是典型Wnt信号通路的中心调节剂。在Wnt开启状态下,β-Catenin易位到细胞核中,并作为几种癌基因的转录辅激活因子发挥作用。在Wnt关闭状态下,β-catenin大多定位于细胞质中,并被β-catenin表达的负调节因子破坏复合体(destruction complex)隔离[2,3]。这种破坏复合物由大肠腺瘤性息肉病(APC)、酪蛋白激酶1α (CK1α)、糖原合成酶激酶3α/β (GSK-3α/β)和AXIN1组成[4-8]。CK1α通过在Ser45位点磷酸化β-Catenin,进而在Thr41、Ser37和Ser33位点被GSK3β[9]磷酸化,从而启动β-Catenin的降解过程。磷酸化的β-catenin随后被SCFβ-TrCP多泛素化,促进其蛋白酶体降解。相反,在Wnt on状态下,β-连环蛋白从破坏复合物中释放出来并转运到细胞核中。也有报道称,Norrin和R-Spondin可激活干细胞中的Wnt信号,且这种激活与Wnt配体无关[10-12]。它们与LRP5/6受体结合,并通过Rnf43/Znrf3阻止LRP功能失活。LRP5/6作为卷曲受体的辅助受体,帮助分离轴蛋白和破坏复合体。因此,它们通过隔离膜上的轴蛋白来帮助β-连环蛋白在细胞核内转运。在细胞核中,β-连环蛋白作为一种转录辅激活因子,将过多的基因联系起来。破坏络合物介导的β-连环蛋白的隔离是有效的预防癌症。然而,由于破坏复合体的成分发生突变[13,14]或β-Catenin本身发生突变[15,16],它在大多数癌症中无效。在破坏复合物的组分中,APC的丢失是结直肠癌[17]中β-catenin组成性易位的主要驱动因素。近49%的结直肠癌患者发生APC突变。然而,β-Catenin主要在肝癌、子宫内膜癌和胰腺癌中发生突变[19-21]。除了APC失活和β-catenin突变外,R-spondin/LRP5/ RNF43突变在wnt依赖性结直肠癌中起着至关重要的作用。RNF43在大约19%的结直肠癌中发生突变。同样,10%的结直肠癌中R-spondin发生突变。有趣的是,无论乳腺癌的类型如何,几乎50%的乳腺癌中典型Wnt信号被激活,并且与乳腺癌患者总体生存率的降低密切相关。值得注意的是,在大多数乳腺癌患者中,Wnt配体和受体的表达升高,而拮抗剂则沉默。
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引用次数: 0
Pancytopenia: An Update 全血细胞减少症:最新进展
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33696/pathology.1.005
Subhashis Das
Peripheral pancytopenia is not a disease by itself; rather it describes simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia resulting from a number of disease processes. Detailed clinical history and meticulous physical examination along with baseline hematological investigations, provides invaluable information in the complete workup of pancytopenic patients, helping in systematic planning of further investigations to diagnose and ascertain the cause, avoiding a battery of unnecessary tests [1].
外周全血细胞减少症本身不是一种疾病;相反,它描述了同时存在的贫血,白细胞减少和血小板减少引起的一些疾病过程。详细的临床病史和细致的体格检查以及基线血液学检查,为全细胞减少性患者的全面检查提供了宝贵的信息,有助于系统地规划进一步的调查,以诊断和确定病因,避免了一系列不必要的检查。
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引用次数: 1
Application of Encapsulated Probiotics in Health Care 胶囊益生菌在医疗保健中的应用
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33696/pathology.1.003
Esmat Alemzadeh, A. Oryan
Esmat Alemzadeh1,2, Ahmad Oryan3* 1Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 2Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 3Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran *Correspondence should be addressed to Ahmad Oryan; oryan@shirazu.ac.ir, oryan1215@gmail.com
Esmat alemzade1,2, Ahmad Oryan3* 1 Birjand医科大学细胞与分子研究中心,伊朗Birjand 2 Birjand医科大学医学院医学生物技术系,伊朗Birjand 3设拉子大学兽医学院病理学系,伊朗设拉子*通信地址:Ahmad Oryan;oryan@shirazu.ac.ir, oryan1215@gmail.com
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Experimental pathology
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