Deep venous thrombosis is a frequent multifactorial disease and most of the time is triggered by the interaction between acquired risk factors, particularly immobility, and hereditary risk factors such as thrombophilias. The mechanisms underlying deep venous thrombosis are not fully elucidated; however, in recent years the role of venous flow, endothelium, platelets, leukocytes, and the interaction between inflammation and hemostasis has been determined. Alteration of venous blood flow produces endothelial activation, favoring the adhesion of platelets and leukocytes, which, through tissue factor expression and neutrophil extracellular traps formation, contribute to the activation of coagulation, trapping more cells, such as red blood cells, monocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes. The coagulation factor XI-driven propagation phase of blood coagulation plays a major role in venous thrombus growth, but a minor role in hemostasis. In this work, the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis are described.
深静脉血栓是一种常见的多因素疾病，大多数情况下是由后天危险因素（尤其是静止不动）和遗传危险因素（如血栓嗜好症）相互作用引发的。深静脉血栓形成的机制尚未完全阐明，但近年来已确定了静脉血流、内皮、血小板、白细胞以及炎症与止血之间相互作用的作用。静脉血流的改变导致内皮活化，有利于血小板和白细胞的粘附，而血小板和白细胞通过组织因子的表达和中性粒细胞胞外捕获物的形成，促进凝血活化，捕获更多的细胞，如红细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞。凝血因子 XI 驱动的血液凝固传播阶段在静脉血栓生长中起主要作用，但在止血中作用较小。本研究阐述了深静脉血栓形成的主要病理生理学机制。
{"title":"PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS","authors":"S. Chooklin, S. Chuklin","doi":"10.15407/fz69.06.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/fz69.06.133","url":null,"abstract":"Deep venous thrombosis is a frequent multifactorial disease and most of the time is triggered by the interaction between acquired risk factors, particularly immobility, and hereditary risk factors such as thrombophilias. The mechanisms underlying deep venous thrombosis are not fully elucidated; however, in recent years the role of venous flow, endothelium, platelets, leukocytes, and the interaction between inflammation and hemostasis has been determined. Alteration of venous blood flow produces endothelial activation, favoring the adhesion of platelets and leukocytes, which, through tissue factor expression and neutrophil extracellular traps formation, contribute to the activation of coagulation, trapping more cells, such as red blood cells, monocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes. The coagulation factor XI-driven propagation phase of blood coagulation plays a major role in venous thrombus growth, but a minor role in hemostasis. In this work, the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis are described.","PeriodicalId":12307,"journal":{"name":"Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O.S. Savuliak, I.A. Sukha, D.О. Dziuba, M.I. Melnyk, D. Dryn
Lidocaine is one of the components of multimodal low-opioid anesthesia, which is commonly used in surgical procedures, especially in cardiac surgery. Lidocaine has been used in medicine for a long time as a local anesthetic, but after the invention of the method of its intravenous administration, questions arose about its possible side effects on the visceral system, in particular on the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the aim of our work was to investigate the main aspects of the use of lidocaine-based opioid-free anesthesia and its side effects and also to study the effect of lidocaine on the contractile activity of small intestine smooth muscle, namely the mouse ileum. We recorded the contractile activity of smooth muscles of the ileum of mice using the tensiometry method and found that lidocaine at the clinically relevant concentration range, i.e. 1.5, 3, and 5 μg/ml, inhibited carbachol-induced contractions by 16, 27 and 37%, respectively (n = 7). To determine the side effects of opioid-free anesthesia, we studied 60 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery stenting with the administration of anesthesia based on lidocaine solution at different concentrations (1 and 2 mg/kg). The side effects included nausea and vomiting, which may indicate а disturbance of gastrointestinal motility, as well as numbness of the limbs, cheeks, tongue, etc. These results contribute to a better understanding of the spectrum of action of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic in surgery, on the visceral system and become an important basis for the future development of new schemes for the use of local anesthetics in clinical practice, particularly in surgical procedures.
{"title":"ANESTHETIC LIDOCAINE INHIBITS CHOLINERGIC CONTRACTION OF THE MOUSE SMALL INTESTINE AND CAUSES DISORDERS OF THE HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT","authors":"O.S. Savuliak, I.A. Sukha, D.О. Dziuba, M.I. Melnyk, D. Dryn","doi":"10.15407/fz69.05.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/fz69.05.075","url":null,"abstract":"Lidocaine is one of the components of multimodal low-opioid anesthesia, which is commonly used in surgical procedures, especially in cardiac surgery. Lidocaine has been used in medicine for a long time as a local anesthetic, but after the invention of the method of its intravenous administration, questions arose about its possible side effects on the visceral system, in particular on the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the aim of our work was to investigate the main aspects of the use of lidocaine-based opioid-free anesthesia and its side effects and also to study the effect of lidocaine on the contractile activity of small intestine smooth muscle, namely the mouse ileum. We recorded the contractile activity of smooth muscles of the ileum of mice using the tensiometry method and found that lidocaine at the clinically relevant concentration range, i.e. 1.5, 3, and 5 μg/ml, inhibited carbachol-induced contractions by 16, 27 and 37%, respectively (n = 7). To determine the side effects of opioid-free anesthesia, we studied 60 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery stenting with the administration of anesthesia based on lidocaine solution at different concentrations (1 and 2 mg/kg). The side effects included nausea and vomiting, which may indicate а disturbance of gastrointestinal motility, as well as numbness of the limbs, cheeks, tongue, etc. These results contribute to a better understanding of the spectrum of action of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic in surgery, on the visceral system and become an important basis for the future development of new schemes for the use of local anesthetics in clinical practice, particularly in surgical procedures.","PeriodicalId":12307,"journal":{"name":"Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immunothrombosis is a normal physiological phenomenon against harmful pathogens that can limit their further spread. It is an important element of the intravascular innate immune system and performs at least four different physiological functions: it helps to capture and localize pathogens; it prevents the invasion of pathogens into tissues by microthrombosis; it contributes to the destruction of pathogens; it helps to recruit additional immune cells to the site of tissue infection and/or damage. The main driving forces of immunothrombosis are platelets, neutrophils and the complement system. This review examines the role of immunothrombosis in protecting the host and its main mechanisms.
{"title":"IMMUNOTHROMBOSIS AS A COMPONENT OF HOST DEFENCE","authors":"S. Chooklin, S. Chuklin","doi":"10.15407/fz69.05.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/fz69.05.089","url":null,"abstract":"Immunothrombosis is a normal physiological phenomenon against harmful pathogens that can limit their further spread. It is an important element of the intravascular innate immune system and performs at least four different physiological functions: it helps to capture and localize pathogens; it prevents the invasion of pathogens into tissues by microthrombosis; it contributes to the destruction of pathogens; it helps to recruit additional immune cells to the site of tissue infection and/or damage. The main driving forces of immunothrombosis are platelets, neutrophils and the complement system. This review examines the role of immunothrombosis in protecting the host and its main mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":12307,"journal":{"name":"Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Berchenko, A. Shliakhova, O. Veselovska, A. Titkova, N. Levicheva
Exogenous modulation by progesterone of the central neurosteroid mechanisms of regulation of anxiety and its important component, the activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, is a promising method of correction of emotional behavioral disorders. The aim of this work was to study the effect of intranasal progesterone administration on the baseline level of anxiety and the activity of the dopaminergic mesolimbic brain system in alcohol-dependent and zoosocial conflict rats. Neuroethological studies by the method of assessing the individual level of anxiety. The levels of catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline) in the brain structures were determined by the method of immunoenzymatic analysis. Emotional stress, namely zoosocial instability and confrontational interactions, was modeled using the sensory contact technique and the partition test. Alcohol dependence in rats was induced by voluntary consumption of alcohol-containing food. Progesterone was administered intranasally at a dose of 80 μg per animal. It is shown that the level of anxiety in rats under conditions of alcohol dependence and emotional stress is associated with dopamine and adrenergic disturbances in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens. The anxiolytic effects of progesterone are manifested in the suppression of the increase in anxiety following exposure to emotional stress in alcohol-dependent rats and its suppression in rats with baseline low levels of anxiety following repeated exposure to emotional stress. A balanced activation of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system during progesterone administration leads to the formation of a new allostatic state in rats with a decrease in anxiety levels.
{"title":"PROGESTERONE MODULATION OF ANXIETY AND DOPAMINERGIC MESOLIMBIC SYSTEM OF THE BRAIN ACTIVITY IN RATS WITH ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE AND UNDER CONDITIONS OF ZOOSOCIAL CONFLICT","authors":"O. Berchenko, A. Shliakhova, O. Veselovska, A. Titkova, N. Levicheva","doi":"10.15407/fz69.05.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/fz69.05.043","url":null,"abstract":"Exogenous modulation by progesterone of the central neurosteroid mechanisms of regulation of anxiety and its important component, the activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, is a promising method of correction of emotional behavioral disorders. The aim of this work was to study the effect of intranasal progesterone administration on the baseline level of anxiety and the activity of the dopaminergic mesolimbic brain system in alcohol-dependent and zoosocial conflict rats. Neuroethological studies by the method of assessing the individual level of anxiety. The levels of catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline) in the brain structures were determined by the method of immunoenzymatic analysis. Emotional stress, namely zoosocial instability and confrontational interactions, was modeled using the sensory contact technique and the partition test. Alcohol dependence in rats was induced by voluntary consumption of alcohol-containing food. Progesterone was administered intranasally at a dose of 80 μg per animal. It is shown that the level of anxiety in rats under conditions of alcohol dependence and emotional stress is associated with dopamine and adrenergic disturbances in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens. The anxiolytic effects of progesterone are manifested in the suppression of the increase in anxiety following exposure to emotional stress in alcohol-dependent rats and its suppression in rats with baseline low levels of anxiety following repeated exposure to emotional stress. A balanced activation of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system during progesterone administration leads to the formation of a new allostatic state in rats with a decrease in anxiety levels.","PeriodicalId":12307,"journal":{"name":"Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the main factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is vasculoendothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is the end product of the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways, including those triggered by the activation of receptor tyrosine protein kinases. There is a need to justify new approaches to influence the expression of VEGF, not only in the late but also in the early stages of DR. Diabetes was modeled in 45 three-month-old male Wistar rats by a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg; Sigma- Aldrich, China). Hyperglycemia led to the development of early (on the 7–28th day) morphological manifestations of DR, indicating pronounced degenerative changes in nerve cells, microcirculation, and metabolism disorders. The use of insulin resulted in fewer diabetic changes in the retina, while the combined use of insulin and the tyrosine protein kinase blocker imatinib prevented the morphological manifestations of DR. According to the results of an immunohistochemical study, overexpression of VEGF was observed in the retinal tissue, which was inhibited by the introduction of insulin and, to a greater extent, by the combination of insulin with imatinib. According to immunoblotting results, the levels of VEGF and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) in the retinal tissue increased several-fold, which was significantly inhibited by insulin and prevented by insulin in combination with imatinib. Thus, this suggests that blockade of tyrosine protein kinases may be a highly effective way of preventing or correcting the damage caused by DR.
血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）是糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）发生发展的主要因素之一，它是多种细胞内信号通路激活的最终产物，包括受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶激活所引发的信号通路。有必要证明影响血管内皮生长因子表达的新方法不仅适用于 DR 的晚期，也适用于 DR 的早期。通过单次注射链脲佐菌素（50 毫克/千克；Sigma- Aldrich，中国），在 45 只三个月大的雄性 Wistar 大鼠中建立了糖尿病模型。高血糖导致了早期（第7-28天）DR形态学表现的出现，表明神经细胞、微循环和代谢紊乱发生了明显的退行性变化。使用胰岛素可减少视网膜的糖尿病变化，而联合使用胰岛素和酪氨酸蛋白激酶阻断剂伊马替尼则可防止 DR 的形态学表现。根据免疫组化研究的结果，在视网膜组织中观察到血管内皮生长因子的过度表达，而胰岛素的引入抑制了这种过度表达，胰岛素与伊马替尼的联合使用在更大程度上抑制了这种过度表达。免疫印迹结果显示，视网膜组织中的血管内皮生长因子和缺氧诱导因子（HIF-1）的水平增加了数倍，胰岛素能显著抑制这种增加，而胰岛素与伊马替尼联合使用则能阻止这种增加。因此，这表明阻断酪氨酸蛋白激酶可能是预防或纠正 DR 所造成损伤的一种非常有效的方法。
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF TYROSINE PROTEIN KINASES BLOCKADE ON THE VASCULONEDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR EXPRESSION AND DIABETIC RETINOPATHY DEVELOPMENT","authors":"S. Ziablitsev, V. Vodianyk, O. Dyadyk","doi":"10.15407/fz69.05.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/fz69.05.22","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is vasculoendothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is the end product of the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways, including those triggered by the activation of receptor tyrosine protein kinases. There is a need to justify new approaches to influence the expression of VEGF, not only in the late but also in the early stages of DR. Diabetes was modeled in 45 three-month-old male Wistar rats by a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg; Sigma- Aldrich, China). Hyperglycemia led to the development of early (on the 7–28th day) morphological manifestations of DR, indicating pronounced degenerative changes in nerve cells, microcirculation, and metabolism disorders. The use of insulin resulted in fewer diabetic changes in the retina, while the combined use of insulin and the tyrosine protein kinase blocker imatinib prevented the morphological manifestations of DR. According to the results of an immunohistochemical study, overexpression of VEGF was observed in the retinal tissue, which was inhibited by the introduction of insulin and, to a greater extent, by the combination of insulin with imatinib. According to immunoblotting results, the levels of VEGF and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) in the retinal tissue increased several-fold, which was significantly inhibited by insulin and prevented by insulin in combination with imatinib. Thus, this suggests that blockade of tyrosine protein kinases may be a highly effective way of preventing or correcting the damage caused by DR.","PeriodicalId":12307,"journal":{"name":"Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Common mechanisms of the development of the body’s stress response under the conditions of war and the COVID-19 pandemic relate to its acute and chronic course, post-traumatic stress disorder, the role of the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal gland, the sympathetic nervous system, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and deficiency of α-1- antitrypsin. The development of stress-induced hypertensive changes is characterized by the activity of enzymes independent of the angiotensin-converting enzyme pathway of the renin-angiotensin system, expression of miRNA, damage to the endothelial cells of blood vessels, changes in the content of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and the soluble receptor for glycosylation end products. The considered stress-induced hypertensive changes under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic relate to chronic hyperinflammation, emotional response, effects of catecholamines, chymase activity, redox imbalance, DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress. The interaction between ACE/ACE2 and miRNA may increase the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with hypertension. A factor in the severity of COVID-19 is considered to be clinical depression and low immunity, and the possibility of a negative effect of antidepressants is highlighted. A more aggressive course of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients is associated with low levels of nitric oxide (NO). Stress-induced hypertensive changes under the conditions of war are associated with adaptation disorders, increased randomness of heart rate changes, post-traumatic stress disorder, the development of hypertension partly of psychological origin against the background of changes in the central nervous system, immunity, and the polymorphism of the ACEI/D gene as an indicator of endurance.
{"title":"STRESS AND HYPERTENSION IN WAR AND COVID-19 CONDITIONS","authors":"L.M. Samokhina, Yu.S. Rudyk","doi":"10.15407/fz69.05.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/fz69.05.100","url":null,"abstract":"Common mechanisms of the development of the body’s stress response under the conditions of war and the COVID-19 pandemic relate to its acute and chronic course, post-traumatic stress disorder, the role of the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal gland, the sympathetic nervous system, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and deficiency of α-1- antitrypsin. The development of stress-induced hypertensive changes is characterized by the activity of enzymes independent of the angiotensin-converting enzyme pathway of the renin-angiotensin system, expression of miRNA, damage to the endothelial cells of blood vessels, changes in the content of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and the soluble receptor for glycosylation end products. The considered stress-induced hypertensive changes under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic relate to chronic hyperinflammation, emotional response, effects of catecholamines, chymase activity, redox imbalance, DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress. The interaction between ACE/ACE2 and miRNA may increase the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with hypertension. A factor in the severity of COVID-19 is considered to be clinical depression and low immunity, and the possibility of a negative effect of antidepressants is highlighted. A more aggressive course of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients is associated with low levels of nitric oxide (NO). Stress-induced hypertensive changes under the conditions of war are associated with adaptation disorders, increased randomness of heart rate changes, post-traumatic stress disorder, the development of hypertension partly of psychological origin against the background of changes in the central nervous system, immunity, and the polymorphism of the ACEI/D gene as an indicator of endurance.","PeriodicalId":12307,"journal":{"name":"Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Kalnysh, A.V. Shvets, O.V. Maltsev, S. Pashkovskyi, N. V. Koval
In order to develop new approaches to the psychophysiological selection of operators, 219 male servicemen aged 20 to 40 years old with experience in operating unmanned aerial systems of the first class Light and involved in a wide range of professional tasks were examined. To study their psychophysiological status, modified methods were used using the PFI-2 hardware and software complex. The following indicators were determined: accuracy of reaction to a moving object, strength of nervous processes, functional mobility of nervous processes, simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, orientation in space, and visual memory. To identify a set of informative indicators that can best divide the analyzed group of operators into 3 clusters, a stepwise discriminant analysis was applied. The technique was developed to obtain several psychophysiological profiles of vocational aptitude, equally effective in terms of content. The statistical discrepancy of these profiles has been established. Ways of evaluating the superiority of these profiles have been shown. The principle of “necessary diversity” in the implementation of occupational psychophysiological selection of operators working in conditions with increased danger has been proposed and discussed. A number of advantages of using this principle to increase accuracy and expand the contingent of persons subject to occupational psychophysiological selection have been identified. The technology of graphical presentation of psychophysiological profiles of operators of unmanned aerial complexes was developed for the purpose of assessment of suitability for professional tasks.
{"title":"FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILES OF OPERATORS OF UNMANNED AVIATION COMPLEXES FOR THEIR OCCUPATIONAL SELECTION","authors":"V. Kalnysh, A.V. Shvets, O.V. Maltsev, S. Pashkovskyi, N. V. Koval","doi":"10.15407/fz69.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/fz69.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop new approaches to the psychophysiological selection of operators, 219 male servicemen aged 20 to 40 years old with experience in operating unmanned aerial systems of the first class Light and involved in a wide range of professional tasks were examined. To study their psychophysiological status, modified methods were used using the PFI-2 hardware and software complex. The following indicators were determined: accuracy of reaction to a moving object, strength of nervous processes, functional mobility of nervous processes, simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, orientation in space, and visual memory. To identify a set of informative indicators that can best divide the analyzed group of operators into 3 clusters, a stepwise discriminant analysis was applied. The technique was developed to obtain several psychophysiological profiles of vocational aptitude, equally effective in terms of content. The statistical discrepancy of these profiles has been established. Ways of evaluating the superiority of these profiles have been shown. The principle of “necessary diversity” in the implementation of occupational psychophysiological selection of operators working in conditions with increased danger has been proposed and discussed. A number of advantages of using this principle to increase accuracy and expand the contingent of persons subject to occupational psychophysiological selection have been identified. The technology of graphical presentation of psychophysiological profiles of operators of unmanned aerial complexes was developed for the purpose of assessment of suitability for professional tasks.","PeriodicalId":12307,"journal":{"name":"Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Saenko, O. Gonchar, I. Mankovska, T. Drevytska, L. V. Bratus, B.М. Mankovsky
The effects of actovegin on the mechanisms of oxidative stress (OS) developing in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CVAN) were investigated. The aim of the study was to establish the effectiveness of treatment with actovegin for the pro- and antioxidant balance impairment and changes in gene expression of HIF-1α and mTOR in the blood of patients with DM2 and CVAN. It was shown that intravenous injections of actovegin at a dose of 1000 mg per day for 10 days and further prolonged oral administration of this drug at a dose of 800 mg per day for 90 days led to a decrease in the content of secondary products of lipid peroxidation in blood plasma and H2O2 production in erythrocytes of patients with DM2 and CVAN. These changes were indicative of a weakening of OS intensity. It was also shown that treatment with actovegin promoted an increase in total plasma SOD activity as well as reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes from patients. Treatment with actovegin also raised the gene expression of HIF-1α and reduced the gene expression of mTOR in leukocytes of patients with DM2 and CVAN. These genetic changes may serve as a protective mechanism against the development of OS, which acts through different metabolic pathways. So, actovegin administration counteracting OS development due to the impact on the different components of pro- and antioxidant system as well as on HIF-1α and mTOR genes expression may offer new clinical avenues for pharmacological treatment of patients with DM2 and CVAN.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ACTOVEGYN ON THE MECHANISMS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS DEVELOPING IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY","authors":"Y. Saenko, O. Gonchar, I. Mankovska, T. Drevytska, L. V. Bratus, B.М. Mankovsky","doi":"10.15407/fz69.05.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/fz69.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of actovegin on the mechanisms of oxidative stress (OS) developing in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CVAN) were investigated. The aim of the study was to establish the effectiveness of treatment with actovegin for the pro- and antioxidant balance impairment and changes in gene expression of HIF-1α and mTOR in the blood of patients with DM2 and CVAN. It was shown that intravenous injections of actovegin at a dose of 1000 mg per day for 10 days and further prolonged oral administration of this drug at a dose of 800 mg per day for 90 days led to a decrease in the content of secondary products of lipid peroxidation in blood plasma and H2O2 production in erythrocytes of patients with DM2 and CVAN. These changes were indicative of a weakening of OS intensity. It was also shown that treatment with actovegin promoted an increase in total plasma SOD activity as well as reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes from patients. Treatment with actovegin also raised the gene expression of HIF-1α and reduced the gene expression of mTOR in leukocytes of patients with DM2 and CVAN. These genetic changes may serve as a protective mechanism against the development of OS, which acts through different metabolic pathways. So, actovegin administration counteracting OS development due to the impact on the different components of pro- and antioxidant system as well as on HIF-1α and mTOR genes expression may offer new clinical avenues for pharmacological treatment of patients with DM2 and CVAN.","PeriodicalId":12307,"journal":{"name":"Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Kornatskyi, N. O. Ryzhkova, O.M. Parkhomenko, O. Lomakovsky, A. M. Dorokhina, Yu.V. Kornatskyi, V.G. Levchenko, A.V. Romanovskyi
Seasonal coronaviruses may serve as an informative model for determining the duration of protection against reinfection during future waves of coronavirus disease. Data from the literature suggest that ELISA kits designed to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 may also be sensitive to seasonal coronaviruses. The aim of our work was to perform a retrospective study to determine the presence of IgG and IgM to coronaviruses in Ukraine before the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted on the serum of 321 patients with various cardiorheumatologic profiles who were treated in a hospital during 2013-2018. The obtained data indicate the possibility of cross-immunity among coronaviruses since antibodies to this virus were present in 3.3% of patients with acute myocardial infarction, 5.9% with systemic rheumatological diseases, and 27.3% with chronic coronary heart disease.
{"title":"DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO SARS-COV-2 VIRUS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND SYSTEMIC RHEUMATIC DISEASES BEFORE THE ONSET OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"V. Kornatskyi, N. O. Ryzhkova, O.M. Parkhomenko, O. Lomakovsky, A. M. Dorokhina, Yu.V. Kornatskyi, V.G. Levchenko, A.V. Romanovskyi","doi":"10.15407/fz69.05.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/fz69.05.061","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal coronaviruses may serve as an informative model for determining the duration of protection against reinfection during future waves of coronavirus disease. Data from the literature suggest that ELISA kits designed to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 may also be sensitive to seasonal coronaviruses. The aim of our work was to perform a retrospective study to determine the presence of IgG and IgM to coronaviruses in Ukraine before the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted on the serum of 321 patients with various cardiorheumatologic profiles who were treated in a hospital during 2013-2018. The obtained data indicate the possibility of cross-immunity among coronaviruses since antibodies to this virus were present in 3.3% of patients with acute myocardial infarction, 5.9% with systemic rheumatological diseases, and 27.3% with chronic coronary heart disease.","PeriodicalId":12307,"journal":{"name":"Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zhulikova, M. Myroshnychenko, O.A. Nakonechna, O. O. Zhulikov, V. O. Bibichenko, S. Myroshnychenko, O.V. Zaytseva, M. Kovaltsova
The aim of our work is to assess the viability and determine the types of death of blood leukocytes in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) under conditions of intermittent cold exposure. The study was performed on 40 immature female rats of the WAG population, aged 27 days, divided into 5 groups of 8 animals each. Group 1 included intact rats. In group 2, rats were subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml of purified and sterilized olive oil daily for 25 days. In group 3, rats were exposed to periodic cold exposure daily for 25 days. In group 4, dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS was modeled in rats. In group 5, rats were injected with dehydroepiandrosterone against the background of periodic cold exposure. Leukocyte viability and death pathways were determined using a FACS Canto II flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, USA). Rats with dehydroepiandrosteroneinduced PCOS showed a decrease in the percentage of viable leukocytes and an increase in the percentage of leukocytes in the early stage of apoptosis, while the number of leukocytes in the late stage of apoptosis and necrotic leukocytes did not change. In rats, on the background of the introduction of dehydroepiandrosterone under conditions of intermittent cold exposure, the percentage of viable leukocytes, as well as leukocytes at different stages of apoptosis and necrosis, corresponded to the physiological norm. Thus, the authors revealed a decrease in the viability of neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood of rats with dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS due to the activation of apoptosis processes, as evidenced by an increase in the percentage of leukocytes at the initial stages of apoptosis. Intermittent cold exposure (4 h daily at +4°C for 25 days) against the background of dehydroepiandrosterone administration to rats had an anti-apoptotic effect, normalizing the viability of neutrophilic blood leukocytes.
{"title":"VIABILITY AND TYPES OF DEATH OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES IN RATS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME UNDER CONDITIONS OF INTERMITTENT COLD EXPOSURE","authors":"M. Zhulikova, M. Myroshnychenko, O.A. Nakonechna, O. O. Zhulikov, V. O. Bibichenko, S. Myroshnychenko, O.V. Zaytseva, M. Kovaltsova","doi":"10.15407/fz69.05.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/fz69.05.033","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our work is to assess the viability and determine the types of death of blood leukocytes in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) under conditions of intermittent cold exposure. The study was performed on 40 immature female rats of the WAG population, aged 27 days, divided into 5 groups of 8 animals each. Group 1 included intact rats. In group 2, rats were subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml of purified and sterilized olive oil daily for 25 days. In group 3, rats were exposed to periodic cold exposure daily for 25 days. In group 4, dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS was modeled in rats. In group 5, rats were injected with dehydroepiandrosterone against the background of periodic cold exposure. Leukocyte viability and death pathways were determined using a FACS Canto II flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, USA). Rats with dehydroepiandrosteroneinduced PCOS showed a decrease in the percentage of viable leukocytes and an increase in the percentage of leukocytes in the early stage of apoptosis, while the number of leukocytes in the late stage of apoptosis and necrotic leukocytes did not change. In rats, on the background of the introduction of dehydroepiandrosterone under conditions of intermittent cold exposure, the percentage of viable leukocytes, as well as leukocytes at different stages of apoptosis and necrosis, corresponded to the physiological norm. Thus, the authors revealed a decrease in the viability of neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood of rats with dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS due to the activation of apoptosis processes, as evidenced by an increase in the percentage of leukocytes at the initial stages of apoptosis. Intermittent cold exposure (4 h daily at +4°C for 25 days) against the background of dehydroepiandrosterone administration to rats had an anti-apoptotic effect, normalizing the viability of neutrophilic blood leukocytes.","PeriodicalId":12307,"journal":{"name":"Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"58 3-4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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