Evaluation & the Health Professions最新文献

The current study aimed at investigating the two sources of construct-relevant psychometric multidimensionality of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), applying the newly developed bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) approach. We first contrasted several CFA and ESEM models to test the psychometric multidimensionality due to the fallibility of indicators. Then, we compared the first-order structures with those specifying both global and specific factors to test the coexistence of hierarchically ordered factors. Results from 469 participants to the 20-item questionnaire showed the superiority of a B-ESEM representation with a well-defined G-factor and four weaker S-factors. On a methodological level, our findings provide additional support for the utility of using B-ESEM's integrative perspective to better capture the complexity of multidimensional constructs.

This study aimed to examine the association between different contextual factors (e.g., facility size, rurality, and perceived needs) and the adoption of a policy or strategy related to opioid prescribing practices in healthcare settings. Cross-sectional survey data was collected from a convenience sample of physicians (N = 68). Logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of contextual factors on the dependent variables. Less than half reported having a policy restricting opioid prescribing practices, and 81% reported having one or more strategies for the safe use of chronic opioid therapy. After adjusting for other contextual factors, small practice size was positively associated with having a policy restricting opioid prescribing practices. This exploratory study provides insights for further investigation of how various contextual factors can influence policy adoption in different healthcare settings and practices to address major public health threats.

This study provides an overview of research findings on long-term effects on healthcare workers mental health and factors associated with positive or negative changes. Medline and PubMed databases were searched for observational longitudinal studies and 18 papers were included in the review (PROSPERO: CRD42021260307). 12 articles indicated negative changes over time and six studies revealed a positive trend in a variety of mental health outcomes (anxiety, depression, insomnia, and others). Female sex, younger age, nursing occupation, frontline work, longer working hours and concerns about contracting COVID-19 were identified to be associated with negative changes. Conversely, a supportive environment, access to psychological resources, provision of sufficient personal protective equipment and availability of COVID-19 tests were linked to positive changes. Therefore, our findings can assist governmental and institutional authorities with effective interventions to improve psychological care for healthcare workers.

"Substitute addiction" refers to the process of achieving abstinence or resolution of one addictive behavior and subsequently engaging in one or more additional addictive behaviors in its place. Substitute addiction, a concept in the abstinence-based recovery field for decades, is viewed as a cause for concern because resolving one addictive behavior might not fully remove harm or ensure recovery. Conversely, "harm-reduction treatment" refers to a counseling orientation that focuses on helping service users reduce substance-related harm and improve their quality of life without necessarily requiring abstinence or use reduction. Harm-reduction treatment assesses a constellation of addictive behaviors in the larger context of a person's life to holistically reduce harm in that constellation. In this commentary, we define and compare both constructs and point out their implications for addictions treatment.

As research on gaming disorder (GD) is growing globally, the need for a valid and reliable instrument to assess GD has become crucial. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study translated and evaluated the psychometric properties of Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) and Gaming Disorder Scale for Young Adults (GADIS-YA) into Malay language versions. The sample comprised 624 university students (females = 75.6%; mean age = 22.27 years) recruited via an online survey from May to August 2022, using a convenience sampling method. Participants completed both GDT and GADIS-YA scales and other relevant measures including Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), and time spent on social media and gaming. Results showed that both instruments reported satisfactory internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor structure for GDT and two-factor structure for GADIS-YA. Both scales were strongly correlated with each other and with the IGDS9-SF, BSMAS, and time spent on social media and gaming, supporting concurrent validity. Measurement invariance of both scales was confirmed across gender and gaming time. These findings suggest that the Malay versions of GDT and GADIS-YA are reliable and valid measures of problematic gaming among Malaysian university students.

The use of coercive practices, i.e., interventions against a person's will, is controversial. Recent observational studies highlighted their potential detrimental effects on patients' mental health, but this topic remains understudied. This study investigated the effect of a common coercive practice, seclusion (i.e., being locked in a closed room), on mental health using a trial emulation of observational data to allow causal inference. We used data from 1200 psychiatric inpatients, classified as being either secluded or non-secluded during their hospital stay. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to emulate the random assignment to the intervention. The primary outcome was the Health of the Nations Outcome Scales (HoNOS). The secondary outcome was the first item of the HoNOS, which focuses on overactive, aggressive, disruptive, or agitated behavior. Both outcomes were assessed at hospital discharge. There was a significant effect of seclusion with increases in both total HoNOS score (p = .002) and item 1 of the HoNOS (p = .01). Seclusion may have a negative causal effect of patients' mental health status and should therefore be avoided in mental health care settings. Training efforts should raise the awareness of the medical staff about potential adverse effects instead of therapeutic benefits.

To establish the validity of the BHS-20, a sample of 2064 adolescent students aged 14 and 17 years (M = 15.61, SD = 1.05) were invited to participate in the research. Cronbach's alpha (α) and McDonald's omega (ω) were computed to evaluate the internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the dimensionality of the BHS-20. The Spearman correlation (r_s) with depressive symptoms and risk of suicide scores of the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale were computed to explore the nomological validity. The BHS-20 showed a high internal consistency (α = .81, ω = .93), an adequate one-dimensional structure with an excellent adjustment [χ2 S-B = 341, df = 170, p < .01, Comparative Fit Index = .99, RMSEA = .03] and acceptable nomological validity with depressive symptoms (r_s = .47, p < .01) and scores for suicide risk (r_s = .33, p < .01). In conclusion, current results suggest that the BHS-20 demonstrates validity and reliability among Colombian adolescent students.

The ABILOCO is a questionnaire measuring mobility in stroke patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ABILOCO-Turkish. One hundred forty stroke patients were included. Thirteen items were rated according to 3 levels: difficult, easy, and impossible. The construct validity of the ABILOCO-Turkish was investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the ABILOCO-Turkish was investigated through internal consistency approaches and test-retest reliability. The ABILOCO-Turkish was compared with the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test and the Berg Balance Scale for validity. The scale was repeated 1 week later for test-retest reliability. The Cronbach's alpha value calculated was 0.96 and item-total score correlations were between 0.464 and 0.899. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) calculated for test-retest reliability was 0.989. According to the results, the ABILOCO-Turkish is highly correlated with the TUG (r: -0.830, p < 0.001) and the Berg Balance Scale (r: 0.919, p < 0.001). The exploratory factor analysis of the ABILOCO-Turkish showed that it is unidimensional, with this factor explaining 66.56% of the variance, and the construct validity was proven by confirmatory factor analysis. The Turkish version of the ABILOCO is a reliable and valid scale for evaluating mobility in stroke patients.

This study aimed to translate the ACL Donor Site Morbidity (ACL-DSM) questionnaire into Turkish and assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the ACL-DSM questionnaire (ACL-DSM-Tr) among individuals following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The process involved forward and back-translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the ACL-DSM-Tr questionnaire on ninety-nine patients (mean age 30.73 ± 8.55 years). Participants completed ACL-DSM-Tr, International Knee Documentary Committee (IKDC) subjective form, ACL Return to Sport (ACL-RSI), and Forgotten Joint Scale (FJS) questionnaires. The internal consistency, reliability, and validity of the ACL-DSM-Tr were analyzed. The ACL-DSM-Tr demonstrated a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha .755) and excellent test-retest reliability (Spearman correlation r = .811, p < .001; Cronbach's alpha .890). The ACL-DSM-Tr score exhibited a strong positive correlation with the IKDC score (r = .690, p < .001) and a moderate positive correlation with the FJS score (r = .535, p < .001). Despite a fair correlation between ACL-DSM-Tr and ACL- RSI subgroup scores, no significant correlation was observed with the ACL-RSI total score (p = .297). In conclusion, the ACL-DSM-Tr demonstrated internal consistency, reliability, and validity in patients with ACL reconstruction. This questionnaire has the potential to yield significant benefits in monitoring patient satisfaction and evaluating the level of comfort experienced at the donor site following ACL reconstruction.

Many items in current problem gambling screens focus on negative consequences of gambling and gambling-related harms. However, few problem gambling screens comprise items that are totally based on actual gambling behavior such as gambling duration, gambling frequency, or gambling late at night. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate the 12-item Online Problem Gambling Behavior Index (OPGBI). A total of 10,000 online Croatian gamblers were administered the OPGBI alongside the nine-item Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), as well as questions regarding types of gambling engaged in and socio-demographic factors. The 12 OPGBI items mainly concern actual gambling behavior. The correlation between OPGBI and PGSI was highly significant (r = 0.68). Three latent factors in the OPGBI were identified (gambling behavior, limit setting, communication with operator). The three factors all significantly correlated with the PGSI score (R^2- = 51.8%). The fact that pure gambling behavior related items explained over 50% of the PGSI score strengthens the idea that player tracking could be an important approach in identifying problem gambling.