Evaluation & the Health Professions最新文献

Stakeholder involvement (SI) is essential for effective and sustainable intervention implementation, yet practical guidance is lacking. This study mapped SI use in implementation science studies, identified gaps, and proposed a practical framework for improved SI planning. Using an evidence gap map approach, this study built on Mielke et al.'s (2022) methodology, which identified implementation studies from 2015-2020. The search was updated to include studies from 2021-2023 from PubMed, using the same search strategy and inclusion criteria. Data extraction followed the Guidance for Reporting on Involvement of Patients and the Public reporting checklist. From 10,184 studies, a random sample of 2,005 was screened, adding 162 implementation science studies to Mielke et al.'s 110, totaling 272 studies for SI analysis. SI was reported in 89% of studies, but often lacked depth and strategic planning. Stakeholders were mainly engaged during the preparatory phase. Most studies involved micro- and meso-level stakeholders, rarely including macro-level stakeholders. Few described stakeholder selection or preparation. SI was mostly consultative, via interviews, surveys, and focus groups, with limited active collaboration. SI processes and costs were rarely evaluated. Our findings underscore the need for structured, comprehensive SI planning and offer practical recommendations to strengthen SI efforts in implementation research.

Childhood vaccination is the most cost-effective public health intervention; however, coverage in slum-like areas remains a significant challenge because of unique socio-economic disparities and logistical barriers. We aimed to evaluate the interventions from the literature on improving vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in slum areas using the WHO iEtD framework and the TOPSIS-Entropy method for decision-making in Bangladesh and identify stakeholders ranks and felt needs of interventions across study slums. This cross-sectional study was conducted in six slums in two city corporation areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh involving 67 demand-side and 35 supply-side stakeholders. Rating scores ranged from 0 to 1, indicating priority interventions. Our study highlights that demand-side stakeholders favour incentive interventions, whereas supply-side stakeholders support multicomponent strategies. For all stakeholders, educational interventions were ranked highest with a score of 0.745, followed by multicomponent interventions (score 0.666), incentive (score 0.651), and reminder/recall scoring (score 0.305). Educational interventions were identified as a shared priority (common ground), addressing the felt needs of both demand- and supply-side stakeholders. These findings support tailored context-specific approaches to enhance vaccination coverage and child health in vulnerable communities.

This study was conducted to adapt the Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire into Turkish and to test its validity and reliability. The sample of the methodological study consisted of 390 patients who were hospitalized in internal and surgical clinics. The data were collected between May 2022 and December 2022 using the Personal Information Form, Newcastle Nursing Care Satisfaction Scale and Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire. The Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire consists of 15 items, containing a single latent compassion factor. Validity analysis included content validity index, concurrent validity, convergent validity, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis included test-retest and reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient. The content validity index of the scale was found to be between 0.88 and 1.00. Confirmatory factor analysis χ² = 283.754, dF = 71, RMSEA = 0.078, indicating a good/excellent fit for the model. The item means of the scale ranged between 4.43 ± 0.60 and 4.10 ± 0.47, and the factor loadings ranged between 0.672 and 0.824. Convergent validity is at an acceptable level (r = 0.674). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.94. The Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess patients' experiences of compassion in Turkish populations with acute and chronic diseases.

Surveys involving health care providers continue to be characterized by low and declining response rates (RRs), and researchers have utilized various strategies to increase survey participation. An important approach is to employ monetary incentives to improve survey response. Using a systematic review and analyses of 100 randomized comparisons (published in 48 papers) between monetary incentives and a non-incentive condition, this paper seeks to advance the understanding of best practices for using monetary incentives in clinician surveys. These analyses show even small incentives (≤$2) to be effective in improving clinician response relative to non-incentive subgroups, with diminished returns associated with serial incremental increases above that amount up to amounts greater than $25, at which point there is an appreciable improvement, supporting the use of higher incentives in this population. Cash and direct cash equivalents (e.g., cash cards and checks) produced greater odds of survey participation compared to vouchers, lotteries and charitable contributions, with lotteries and charities being the least effective forms of monetary incentive. Survey mode, timing and ethical considerations are also addressed. Noting the challenges associated with surveying clinicians, researchers must make every effort to improve access to this difficult-to-reach population by implementing appropriate incentive-based strategies designed to improve participation rates.

The childbirth experience and birth-related trauma are influenced by various factors, including country, healthcare system, a woman's history of traumatic experiences, and the study's design and instruments. This study aimed to validate the City Birth Trauma scale for Lithuanian women post-childbirth. Using a descriptive, cross-sectional survey with a nonprobability sample of 794 women who gave birth from 2020-2021, the study found good validity, reliability, and presented the prevalence of birth-related stress symptoms. A bifactor model, consisting of a general birth trauma factor and two specific factors for birth-related symptoms and general symptoms of PTSD, showed the best model fit. The Lithuanian version of the City Birth Trauma scale can be effectively used in research and clinical practice to identify birth-related trauma symptoms in women after giving birth.

Indigenous governance of health care has increasingly been advocated among Indigenous peoples in many countries. However, there is limited research that has empirically examined its benefits. In 2020/21, we conducted a survey of 2113 Indigenous Wayuu individuals in Colombia who received services from the Indigenous Wayuu led health care insurance organization Anas Wayuu and its network of service providers, and Wayuu individuals who received services from non-Indigenous health insurance organizations. We compared their health care utilization and perception of quality of care. A main finding of the study was that Anas Wayuu enrollees were more than twice as likely to access health care than enrollees from non-Indigenous health insurance organizations, even when controlling for the demographic and health characteristics. The study provided compelling evidence suggesting that Anas Wayuu, being an Indigenous led health organization improves access to, and quality of care, among Indigenous health service recipients.

The objective of the study was to assess the consistency between self-reported demographic characteristics, health conditions, and healthcare use, and administrative healthcare records, in a sample of enrollees of an Indigenous health organization in Colombia. We conducted a phone survey of a random sample of 2113 enrollees September-2020/February-2021. Administrative health records were obtained for the sample. Using ICD-10 diagnostic codes, we identified individuals who had healthcare visits for diabetes, hypertension, and/or pregnancy. Using unique identifiers, we linked their survey data to the administrative dataset. Agreement percentages and Cohen's Kappa coefficients were calculated. Logistic regressions were performed for each health condition/state. Results showed high degree of agreement between data sources for sex and age, similar rates for diabetes and hypertension, 10% variation for pregnancy. Kappa statistics were in the moderate range. Age was significantly associated with agreement between data sources. Sex, language, and self-rated health were significant for diabetes. This is the first study with data from an Indigenous population assessing the consistency between self-reported data and administrative health records. Survey and administrative data produced similar results, suggesting that Anas Wauu can be confident in using their data for planning and research purposes, as part of the movement toward data sovereignty.

Cognitive deficits play an important role in Bipolar Disorder (BPD). The Cognitive Problems and Strategies Assessment (CPSA) is a measure that evaluates the patient's perception of cognitive difficulties, and the spontaneous use of compensatory strategies and could thus have potential utility for clinical practice in patients with BPD. Our aim was to determine the validity and reliability of the Cognitive Problems and Strategies Assessment (CPSA) in Bipolar Disorder (BPD). Ninety-three BPD outpatients and 90 controls completed the Assessment of Problems with Thinking and Memory (APTM) questionnaire and the Assessment of Memory and Thinking Strategies (AMTS) questionnaire which constitute the CPSA, the Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA), as a measure of convergent validity, and general sociodemographic data. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Spearman's correlation coefficient and independent sample t tests were used for Internal consistency, Convergent validity and Discriminant validity. The APTM had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.93 and the AMTS 0.90. The COBRA score and the APTM were significantly correlated. BPD patients exhibited higher scores on the APTM and lower scores on the AMTS than controls. The present instrument enriches the clinician's repertoire for rapid and inexpensive cognitive evaluation in BPD.

This study focused on investigating the potential of Artificial Intelligent-powered Virtual Assistants (VAs) such as Amazon Alexa, Apple Siri, and Google Assistant as tools to help individuals seeking information about Nicotine Replacement Treatment (NRT) for smoking cessation. The researchers asked 40 NRT-related questions to each of the 3 VAs and evaluated the responses for voice recognition. The study used a cross-sectional mixed-method design with a total sample size of 360 responses. Inter-rater reliability and differences between VAs' responses were examined by SAS software, and qualitative assessments were conducted using NVivo software. Google Assistant achieved 100% voice recognition for NRT-related questions, followed by Apple Siri at 97.5%, and Amazon Alexa at 83.3%. Statistically significant differences were found between the responses of Amazon Alexa relative to both Google Assistant and Apple Siri. Researcher 1's ratings significantly differed from Researcher 2's (p = .001), but not from Researcher 3's (p = .11). Virtual Assistants occasionally struggled to understand the context or nuances of questions, lacked in-depth information in their responses, and provided generic or unrelated responses. Virtual Assistants have the potential to be incorporated into smoking cessation interventions and tobacco control initiatives, contingent upon improving their competencies.

There is little research assessing substance use prevention programs designed for first generation, working, and ethnic minority college students. This study assessed the effectiveness of a multi-substance web-app prevention program implemented at a Hispanic Serving Institution in southern California. Participants (N = 1066) were randomly assigned to either a control, comparison, or 5 module web-app condition. Surveys assessing substance specific knowledge, perceived health risks, normative peer use, and past 30-day alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and illicit drug use were administered at baseline, exit, and 90-day follow-up. At exit and 90-day follow up, students assigned to the web-app had significantly greater gains in substance specific knowledge, more accurate perceptions of campus peers' substance use, and the health risks associated with substance use than comparison or control group students. Moreover, web-app students had lower incidence rates of alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and illicit drug use at exit with effects evident at 90-day follow up for alcohol, cannabis, and illicit drug use but not nicotine use. Given young adults preference for web-based technology, our findings underscore the benefits of developing, adopting, and implementing culturally sensitive substance use prevention programming using mHealth technology among diverse college populations.