Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-121-127
N. Kilyusheva, V. Danilov, A. O. Belyaev, A. Ayzenshtadt
Formulation and technological solutions aimed at improving the physico-chemical and physico-mechanical characteristics of pine wood construction materials by mineralization of the plant raw materials matrix due to its treatment with an aqueous organomineral suspension based on arabinogalactan and pre-mechanoactivated silica-containing sand have been developed and scientifically substantiated. The natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from larch wood can act as a stabilizer of aggregation and sedimentation stability of suspension particles for wood processing. Experimental data on the thermal effect calorimetric measurement of the enthalpy of complexation for a series of experimental samples with different contents of a silica-containing component are presented. The results confirming the high efficiency of arabinogalactan as a surfactant have been obtained. The fact of the formation of a chemical bond during the impregnation of wood samples with an organomineral suspension between organic macromolecules (cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose) of vegetable raw materials and silica of the mineral component was found, which contributes to the consolidation of the latter in the structure of the wood matrix. Mineralization of the wood surface with compositions containing arabinogalactan and silica nanoparticles gives an increase in density and hardness, as well as the acquisition of hydrophobic properties and resistance to oxidative degradation. This indicates the possibility of using this composition for petrifying wood. The kinetic description of the complexation process is given, the conditions of stable long-term existence of the complex in an aqueous medium are established. It is shown that the treatment of wood with suspension for 24 hours in a spontaneous mode with a rationally selected composition leads to an increase in the density of vegetable raw materials by 10 %, an increase in strength along the fibers by 80 %, Brinell hardness by 3,4 times. Impregnation of wood samples in autoclave mode with a similar suspension (under an excess pressure of 1,35…1,40 MPa) significantly intensifies the process of mineralization of plant raw materials. Thus, over a time period of 24 hours, the density of wood increases by 70 %, the increase in strength along the fibers was 91 %, Brinell hardness increases by 3,5 times, water absorption decreases by 21 %. It was found that the impregnation of wood with a suspension of the developed organomineral composition does not lead to a change in the geometric dimensions and texture of the samples.
{"title":"Arabinogalactan application for wood mineralization","authors":"N. Kilyusheva, V. Danilov, A. O. Belyaev, A. Ayzenshtadt","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-121-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-121-127","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation and technological solutions aimed at improving the physico-chemical and physico-mechanical characteristics of pine wood construction materials by mineralization of the plant raw materials matrix due to its treatment with an aqueous organomineral suspension based on arabinogalactan and pre-mechanoactivated silica-containing sand have been developed and scientifically substantiated. The natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from larch wood can act as a stabilizer of aggregation and sedimentation stability of suspension particles for wood processing. Experimental data on the thermal effect calorimetric measurement of the enthalpy of complexation for a series of experimental samples with different contents of a silica-containing component are presented. The results confirming the high efficiency of arabinogalactan as a surfactant have been obtained. The fact of the formation of a chemical bond during the impregnation of wood samples with an organomineral suspension between organic macromolecules (cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose) of vegetable raw materials and silica of the mineral component was found, which contributes to the consolidation of the latter in the structure of the wood matrix. Mineralization of the wood surface with compositions containing arabinogalactan and silica nanoparticles gives an increase in density and hardness, as well as the acquisition of hydrophobic properties and resistance to oxidative degradation. This indicates the possibility of using this composition for petrifying wood. The kinetic description of the complexation process is given, the conditions of stable long-term existence of the complex in an aqueous medium are established. It is shown that the treatment of wood with suspension for 24 hours in a spontaneous mode with a rationally selected composition leads to an increase in the density of vegetable raw materials by 10 %, an increase in strength along the fibers by 80 %, Brinell hardness by 3,4 times. Impregnation of wood samples in autoclave mode with a similar suspension (under an excess pressure of 1,35…1,40 MPa) significantly intensifies the process of mineralization of plant raw materials. Thus, over a time period of 24 hours, the density of wood increases by 70 %, the increase in strength along the fibers was 91 %, Brinell hardness increases by 3,5 times, water absorption decreases by 21 %. It was found that the impregnation of wood with a suspension of the developed organomineral composition does not lead to a change in the geometric dimensions and texture of the samples.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86956497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-128-145
V. Kruglyak, S. Barruhu, A. Tsaregorodtsev
The provision on the implementation of the project to create an innovative educational environment of campuses is presented. Definitions for a campus, college, science and education complex, science and education center were outlined. The criteria for selecting projects for the creation of world-class university campuses are characterized. Data on the best campuses of universities in the world are given. The list of the best Russian university campuses has been analyzed. Functional zones have been identified on the campus of the Moscow State University. The concept of landscape organization of the Voronezh State Forest Engineering University campus territory is recommended. The structure of the campus territory of the Voronezh State Agrarian University is determined. The types of scientific and educational complexes of university campuses of the world and Russia are established by the size of the territory (campus area) and the number of students
{"title":"University campus landscape architecture","authors":"V. Kruglyak, S. Barruhu, A. Tsaregorodtsev","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-128-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-128-145","url":null,"abstract":"The provision on the implementation of the project to create an innovative educational environment of campuses is presented. Definitions for a campus, college, science and education complex, science and education center were outlined. The criteria for selecting projects for the creation of world-class university campuses are characterized. Data on the best campuses of universities in the world are given. The list of the best Russian university campuses has been analyzed. Functional zones have been identified on the campus of the Moscow State University. The concept of landscape organization of the Voronezh State Forest Engineering University campus territory is recommended. The structure of the campus territory of the Voronezh State Agrarian University is determined. The types of scientific and educational complexes of university campuses of the world and Russia are established by the size of the territory (campus area) and the number of students","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79588154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-38-48
V.V. Sakhnov, A. P. Prokop’ev, I. Galiullin, S. Glushko
The results of studies concerning the growth and development of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest plantations created by using seedlings with a root-balled system (RBS) and their comparison with forest plantations created by using ordinary seedlings with an bareroot system (BRS) in various forest-growing conditions in the Republic of Tatarstan are presented. Measurements of biometric parameters of plants were carried out in an amount that ensures the accuracy of average statistical indicators within 5 %. For each plant, the height, the annual growth of the axial shoot in height, the diameter at the root neck, the length of the main and lateral roots were measured. Research materials have established that forest plantations of Scots pine, created on lighter soils in forest conditions B1–3, are significantly behind in development from forest plantations created on soils richer in agrochemical characteristics C1–3. The creation of forest plantations on such soils requires the use of fertilizers and other measures of agrotechnical care for plantings. When creating forest crops with seedlings with BRS in forest conditions D2–3, on soils with a heavy granulometric composition (ordinary and leached chernozems), a significant decrease in the growth rate of seedlings was revealed. The use of planting material grown under the conditions of a closed root system (BRS) for the creation of forest plantations of Scots pine in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan requires further scientific justification. The results of using planting material with a root-balled system are ambiguous and require an appropriate pilot test.
{"title":"Scots pine growth and development created by planting material with root-balled and bareroot systems in various forestgrowing conditions of Tatarstan Republic","authors":"V.V. Sakhnov, A. P. Prokop’ev, I. Galiullin, S. Glushko","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-38-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-38-48","url":null,"abstract":"The results of studies concerning the growth and development of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest plantations created by using seedlings with a root-balled system (RBS) and their comparison with forest plantations created by using ordinary seedlings with an bareroot system (BRS) in various forest-growing conditions in the Republic of Tatarstan are presented. Measurements of biometric parameters of plants were carried out in an amount that ensures the accuracy of average statistical indicators within 5 %. For each plant, the height, the annual growth of the axial shoot in height, the diameter at the root neck, the length of the main and lateral roots were measured. Research materials have established that forest plantations of Scots pine, created on lighter soils in forest conditions B1–3, are significantly behind in development from forest plantations created on soils richer in agrochemical characteristics C1–3. The creation of forest plantations on such soils requires the use of fertilizers and other measures of agrotechnical care for plantings. When creating forest crops with seedlings with BRS in forest conditions D2–3, on soils with a heavy granulometric composition (ordinary and leached chernozems), a significant decrease in the growth rate of seedlings was revealed. The use of planting material grown under the conditions of a closed root system (BRS) for the creation of forest plantations of Scots pine in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan requires further scientific justification. The results of using planting material with a root-balled system are ambiguous and require an appropriate pilot test.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88354980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-67-75
O. Zalyvskaya, N. Babich, R. Khamitov
Conservation and increase of biological diversity are recognized as one of the priority areas of research activities. The woody vegetation of the northern forests is not rich in species composition. A review of the some research indicates that the number of ornamental species for practical use can be expanded by means of non-district woody plants. The experience of their cultivation in various regions of the North has been accumulated. A significant enrichment of the assortment of urban green spaces is possible due to the introduction of plants into new conditions — introductions. Such peculiar and specific conditions are created in urban plantings that not all local species of woody plants can grow normally in them, therefore it is especially important to study the behavior of dendro-producers. The cultivation of introduced species in the green spaces of northern cities is a basic vector for the promotion of new tree species to the north, which have a whole complex of valuable properties: adaptive, biological, sanitary-hygienic, aesthetic, social. As a result of the inventory assessment, it was revealed that there are 53 species in the Arkhangelsk agglomeration, 24 of them are woody, 29 are shrubs. Introduced breeds make up more than half of the entire assortment and are representatives of domestic and foreign flora. About 20 species of non-district breeds are included in the plantings in small numbers, some breeds number dozens of individuals. Large district centers of the Arkhangelsk region: Karpogory, Oktyabrsky, Pinega, Konosha, etc., as well as the cities of Velsk, Kargopol, Nyandoma, Shenkursk in their assortment do not have a wide representation of non-district breeds, but, as our research shows, the necessary conditions and prerequisites for their appearance are available.
{"title":"Taxonomic structure of dendroflora species in Arkhangelsk region urban systems","authors":"O. Zalyvskaya, N. Babich, R. Khamitov","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-67-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-67-75","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation and increase of biological diversity are recognized as one of the priority areas of research activities. The woody vegetation of the northern forests is not rich in species composition. A review of the some research indicates that the number of ornamental species for practical use can be expanded by means of non-district woody plants. The experience of their cultivation in various regions of the North has been accumulated. A significant enrichment of the assortment of urban green spaces is possible due to the introduction of plants into new conditions — introductions. Such peculiar and specific conditions are created in urban plantings that not all local species of woody plants can grow normally in them, therefore it is especially important to study the behavior of dendro-producers. The cultivation of introduced species in the green spaces of northern cities is a basic vector for the promotion of new tree species to the north, which have a whole complex of valuable properties: adaptive, biological, sanitary-hygienic, aesthetic, social. As a result of the inventory assessment, it was revealed that there are 53 species in the Arkhangelsk agglomeration, 24 of them are woody, 29 are shrubs. Introduced breeds make up more than half of the entire assortment and are representatives of domestic and foreign flora. About 20 species of non-district breeds are included in the plantings in small numbers, some breeds number dozens of individuals. Large district centers of the Arkhangelsk region: Karpogory, Oktyabrsky, Pinega, Konosha, etc., as well as the cities of Velsk, Kargopol, Nyandoma, Shenkursk in their assortment do not have a wide representation of non-district breeds, but, as our research shows, the necessary conditions and prerequisites for their appearance are available.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85466179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-59-66
S.V. Butoka, L. Skrypnik
The monitoring data of the sanitary and forest pathology state of the forest resources in the Kaliningrad region are presented. The influence of such main factors on the sanitary and forest pathology state of stands for the period from 2019 to 2021 is considered, namely forest fires, unfavorable weather and soil-climatic conditions, the distribution of pests and diseases foci, as well as anthropogenic and non-pathogenic factors. Their threat to forest plantations is analyzed. The main reasons for the plantations death of the forest fund of the Kaliningrad region are highlighted, they are negative weather and soil-climatic conditions (70 % of the total damaged area) and diseases. The results of the distribution of the forest fund areas for reasons with the established weakening and destruction of plantations, the distribution of pests and diseases foci are presented. The main species of insect pest — typographer bark beetle (Ips typographus) — has been determined. The absence of insects — forest pests, listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and the Kaliningrad region, and classified as quarantine species — was recorded. The impact of negative factors causing the weakening (drying out) of forest plantations in the Kaliningrad region has been analyzed, it is recommended to conduct forest pathological monitoring, sanitary and recreational activities, perform reclamation work, strengthen control over the timing and quality of forest protection measures, and in particular sanitary cuttings, by the authority executive power of the subject and its subordinate institutions.
{"title":"Sanitary and forest pathology state of coniferous-broad-leaved (mixed) stands in Kaliningrad region","authors":"S.V. Butoka, L. Skrypnik","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-59-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-59-66","url":null,"abstract":"The monitoring data of the sanitary and forest pathology state of the forest resources in the Kaliningrad region are presented. The influence of such main factors on the sanitary and forest pathology state of stands for the period from 2019 to 2021 is considered, namely forest fires, unfavorable weather and soil-climatic conditions, the distribution of pests and diseases foci, as well as anthropogenic and non-pathogenic factors. Their threat to forest plantations is analyzed. The main reasons for the plantations death of the forest fund of the Kaliningrad region are highlighted, they are negative weather and soil-climatic conditions (70 % of the total damaged area) and diseases. The results of the distribution of the forest fund areas for reasons with the established weakening and destruction of plantations, the distribution of pests and diseases foci are presented. The main species of insect pest — typographer bark beetle (Ips typographus) — has been determined. The absence of insects — forest pests, listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and the Kaliningrad region, and classified as quarantine species — was recorded. The impact of negative factors causing the weakening (drying out) of forest plantations in the Kaliningrad region has been analyzed, it is recommended to conduct forest pathological monitoring, sanitary and recreational activities, perform reclamation work, strengthen control over the timing and quality of forest protection measures, and in particular sanitary cuttings, by the authority executive power of the subject and its subordinate institutions.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90166863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-27-37
I.S. Konovalova, D. Konovalov
The growth of artificial origin stands in the clear-cut areas of the taiga zone is closely related to the development of herbaceous vegetation. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of the species composition and structure of the ground cover of forest plantations at the early stages of formation in the conditions of the middle taiga subzone, as well as to identify the most competitive species in terms of phytocenotic activity. In the course of field studies, the taxonomic composition and ecological and coenotic structure of the living ground cover of experimental pine and spruce crops of the 1st and 2nd age classes were determined, depending on the tillage with plows PLP-135 and PLD-1.2. Species abundance ranges from 32 to 39 species in crops aged 15 years, and from 16 to 36 species in crops aged 23 years. The typological structure of the plant community naturally changes over time. The similarity coefficients for the composition of families in 15-year-old crops vary from 0,48 to 0,89 depending on tillage. Plant communities of forest crops with soil cultivation with the PLP-135 plow and reconstruction of deciduous young growth are the closest to each other in terms of family composition (R = 0,89). Plant communities of the ground cover of forest crops with tillage with the PLD-1.2 plow differ in family composition (0,48…0,58). As a result of phytocenotic analysis, we came to the conclusion that the structure of the ground cover of forest plantations naturally changes over time: the group of highly active species of the ground cover is quite numerous in 15-year-old crops and includes 15 species (33 % of the species composition of the flora). In 23-year-old forest plantations, only four species from the group of highly active plants were identified.
{"title":"Living ground cover dynamics at initial stages of forest crops formation in middle taiga subzone","authors":"I.S. Konovalova, D. Konovalov","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-27-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-27-37","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of artificial origin stands in the clear-cut areas of the taiga zone is closely related to the development of herbaceous vegetation. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of the species composition and structure of the ground cover of forest plantations at the early stages of formation in the conditions of the middle taiga subzone, as well as to identify the most competitive species in terms of phytocenotic activity. In the course of field studies, the taxonomic composition and ecological and coenotic structure of the living ground cover of experimental pine and spruce crops of the 1st and 2nd age classes were determined, depending on the tillage with plows PLP-135 and PLD-1.2. Species abundance ranges from 32 to 39 species in crops aged 15 years, and from 16 to 36 species in crops aged 23 years. The typological structure of the plant community naturally changes over time. The similarity coefficients for the composition of families in 15-year-old crops vary from 0,48 to 0,89 depending on tillage. Plant communities of forest crops with soil cultivation with the PLP-135 plow and reconstruction of deciduous young growth are the closest to each other in terms of family composition (R = 0,89). Plant communities of the ground cover of forest crops with tillage with the PLD-1.2 plow differ in family composition (0,48…0,58). As a result of phytocenotic analysis, we came to the conclusion that the structure of the ground cover of forest plantations naturally changes over time: the group of highly active species of the ground cover is quite numerous in 15-year-old crops and includes 15 species (33 % of the species composition of the flora). In 23-year-old forest plantations, only four species from the group of highly active plants were identified.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83228851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-11-17
A. Sobolev, P. Feklistov, L. F. Popova, I. Bolotov
The research was carried out on the territory of the Solovetsky Museum Reserve in various most common types of forests — lichen, cranberry, blueberry, sphagnum and blueberry spruce forests. Temporary taxing trial areas were laid out for the research, widely known and proven methods were used. The stand was studied at each test area, in addition, the height diameter was measured and the age of 64 registered trees was determined, sites were laid for the study of undergrowth with its division by species, height and condition. It was found that the highest amount of the pine undergrowth is under the canopy of lichen pine forests, smaller amount in sphagnum and the least is found in blueberry and lingonberry. There is no pine undergrowth in the blueberry spruce forests. Spruce undergrowth is found under the canopy of blueberry cranberry pine forests and blueberry spruce forests. Of the undergrowth of deciduous species, birch undergrowth is mostly found in lichen pine forests, aspen is extremely scarce everywhere, and there is no sphagnum pine forests at all. The composition of the stand has an effect on the composition of the undergrowth. Everywhere pine trees in the undergrowth are several units smaller under the canopy of pine forests, and spruce trees under the canopy of spruce forests. The time of accumulation of undergrowth under the canopy has been established, it is 12–22 years. It has been established that lichen and sphagnum pine forests, as well as blueberry spruce forests, will exist ever so long without human intervention on the areas. In the blueberry and lingonberry pine forests, a change of species is likely to occur and spruce will take the place of pine.
{"title":"Stands successions course in Solovetsky museum-reserve","authors":"A. Sobolev, P. Feklistov, L. F. Popova, I. Bolotov","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-11-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-2-11-17","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out on the territory of the Solovetsky Museum Reserve in various most common types of forests — lichen, cranberry, blueberry, sphagnum and blueberry spruce forests. Temporary taxing trial areas were laid out for the research, widely known and proven methods were used. The stand was studied at each test area, in addition, the height diameter was measured and the age of 64 registered trees was determined, sites were laid for the study of undergrowth with its division by species, height and condition. It was found that the highest amount of the pine undergrowth is under the canopy of lichen pine forests, smaller amount in sphagnum and the least is found in blueberry and lingonberry. There is no pine undergrowth in the blueberry spruce forests. Spruce undergrowth is found under the canopy of blueberry cranberry pine forests and blueberry spruce forests. Of the undergrowth of deciduous species, birch undergrowth is mostly found in lichen pine forests, aspen is extremely scarce everywhere, and there is no sphagnum pine forests at all. The composition of the stand has an effect on the composition of the undergrowth. Everywhere pine trees in the undergrowth are several units smaller under the canopy of pine forests, and spruce trees under the canopy of spruce forests. The time of accumulation of undergrowth under the canopy has been established, it is 12–22 years. It has been established that lichen and sphagnum pine forests, as well as blueberry spruce forests, will exist ever so long without human intervention on the areas. In the blueberry and lingonberry pine forests, a change of species is likely to occur and spruce will take the place of pine.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86184119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2023-1-139-152
A. Sokolov, A. Seliverstov, Y. Sukhanov, V. Senkin
Harvesters and forwarders are the main part of cut-to-length logging system equipment. Perfection of the hydraulic cranes have a very large impact on the overall operating efficiency of these forest machines. An analysis of impact of the John Deere crane partial automation option «Intelligent Boom Control» (IBC) on the work cycle and workload of forest machines operators is described in this article. Two machines equipped with IBC systems were studied in field conditions. Differences in frequency and duration of telescopic extension boom control activations were identified. It was determined that as a result of automation, one of the degrees of freedom of the crane controls is practically completely excluded from use in the case of forwarder (decrease by about 10 times). A significant reduction in the duration of its use is observed in the case of harvester (decrease by about 2 times). As a result, this saves the psycho-physiological resources of the operator for more efficient use of remaining degrees of freedom, which, coupled with a simpler and more intuitive logic of the controls operation, improves the productivity, accuracy and safety of cut-to-length logging. In addition, a simpler work algorithm reduces the level of stereotyping of the operator’s actions, fatigue and loss of attention, which usually come out at the end of the shift.
{"title":"Ergonomic evaluation of forestry crane partial automation system","authors":"A. Sokolov, A. Seliverstov, Y. Sukhanov, V. Senkin","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-1-139-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-1-139-152","url":null,"abstract":"Harvesters and forwarders are the main part of cut-to-length logging system equipment. Perfection of the hydraulic cranes have a very large impact on the overall operating efficiency of these forest machines. An analysis of impact of the John Deere crane partial automation option «Intelligent Boom Control» (IBC) on the work cycle and workload of forest machines operators is described in this article. Two machines equipped with IBC systems were studied in field conditions. Differences in frequency and duration of telescopic extension boom control activations were identified. It was determined that as a result of automation, one of the degrees of freedom of the crane controls is practically completely excluded from use in the case of forwarder (decrease by about 10 times). A significant reduction in the duration of its use is observed in the case of harvester (decrease by about 2 times). As a result, this saves the psycho-physiological resources of the operator for more efficient use of remaining degrees of freedom, which, coupled with a simpler and more intuitive logic of the controls operation, improves the productivity, accuracy and safety of cut-to-length logging. In addition, a simpler work algorithm reduces the level of stereotyping of the operator’s actions, fatigue and loss of attention, which usually come out at the end of the shift.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75421690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2023-1-75-84
T. V. Kireeva, E. N. Vishnyakova
The issue of the insufficient size of the green area became essential due to the legal introduction the minimal norm of embankment’s greening in the amount of 15 % of the total area; the analysis of the legal regulation of embankment’s greening in the dynamics of historical development is given, there was proposed a hypothesis of increasing the minimum allowable percentage of embankment’s greening to previous values (30 %) in order to support the «green frame» of the city, improving the ecology of public recreation areas.
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Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2023-1-17-25
V. Storozhenko
The materials of studies carried out in the primary uneven-aged spruce forests of the taiga within European Russia are presented, in the northern taiga spruce forests are studied in the territories of the Arkhangelsk region and the Paanajarvi National Park in the Karelia Republic; in the middle taiga spruce forests are studied in the reserve «Vepssky forest» in the Leningrad region and Andomsky forestry of the Vologda region; in the southern taiga spruce forests of the Central Forest State Biosphere Reserve in the Tver Region are studied. The age and volume of trees growing on permanent test plots were determined, age series of forest stands were modelled, dynamic characteristics were established, estimates of the sanitary condition of trees and stands were made, the infestation of the biotrophic complex with wood-destroying fungi and calculations of the tree waste volume by stages of decomposition were made. A close relationship between the increase in tree damage values and the increase in the age of generations in the age series was revealed, which is interpreted as a pattern: r = 0,98 with mr = 0,05 and t = 140. The dynamics of the formation of age generations in spruce forest stands proceeds much more slowly from 4 to 6 times than the dynamics of wood debris decomposition. The characteristics of the sanitary state of native spruce stands are in the range between weakened and severely weakened communities, with high rates of rotten faults of trees in age generations and stands and significant amounts of tree waste. High rates of rot damage to trees ensure the balance of reproducible and degradable biomass in the dynamics of spruce forests. This balance is formed by differences in the time periods of biomass accumulation and the rate of decomposition of wood waste.
介绍了在俄罗斯欧洲地区针叶林的原始不均匀年龄云杉林中进行的研究材料，在阿尔汉格尔斯克地区和卡累利阿共和国的Paanajarvi国家公园对北部针叶林云杉林进行了研究;在中部，研究了列宁格勒地区的“维普斯基森林”保护区和沃洛格达地区的安多姆斯基森林;对特维尔地区中央森林国家生物圈保护区南部针叶林云杉林进行了研究。测定了永久试验田树木的年龄和体积，建立了林分年龄序列模型，建立了林分动态特性，对树木和林分的卫生状况进行了估计，对破坏木材的真菌对生物营养复体的侵染情况进行了分析，并按分解阶段计算了树木废弃物的体积。在年龄序列中，树木损伤值的增加与代际年龄的增加之间存在密切的关系，r = 0,98, mr = 0,05, t = 140。云杉林林分年龄代形成的动态过程比木材碎片分解的动态过程要慢得多，从4到6倍。原生云杉林分的卫生状况介于脆弱群落和严重脆弱群落之间，年龄代和林分的树木腐烂率高，树木废弃物量大。在云杉林的动态中，树木的高腐损率确保了可再生和可降解生物量的平衡。这种平衡是由生物量积累的时间周期和木材废料分解速度的差异形成的。
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