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Dendroecological growth research for Picea Schrenkiana in Botanical garden of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University by tree-ring data analysis 莫斯科国立大学罗蒙诺索夫植物园雪莲云杉树木生态生长的年轮分析
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-31-39
А.A. Epishkov, D. Rumyantsev, G. Boyko
Based on the material of the Schrenk’s spruce (Picea schrenkiana F. et. M.) from the MSU Botanical Garden, time series of radial growth and dated chronologies of this spruce species were obtained for the first time. A previously developed specific method of cross-dating of tree-ring chronologies has been tested, which is suitable for obtaining dendrochronological information in species growing at the extreme limits of introduction. Fallen annual rings were found in a number of trees in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. The main adverse effect on the growth of the Schrenk’s spruce took place in 2007, after which each tree had a different number of annual rings (depending on the strength of the damage). By the method of climagrams, it was found that the main adverse effect in 2007 was caused by increased temperatures in January, frosts in February and the subsequent drought at the beginning of the growing season.
以密歇根州立大学植物园的施伦克云杉(Picea schrenkiana F. et. M.)为材料,首次获得了该云杉径向生长的时间序列和年代学。以前开发的一种特定的树木年轮年代学交叉测年方法已经进行了测试,该方法适用于获得在引进极限条件下生长的物种的树木年代学信息。在2007年、2008年、2009年和2010年,在一些树木上发现了掉落的年轮。对施伦克云杉生长的主要不利影响发生在2007年,此后每棵树都有不同数量的年轮(取决于损害的强度)。通过气候图分析发现,2007年的主要不利影响是1月气温升高、2月霜冻和随后的生长季初干旱。
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引用次数: 0
Structure and biodiversity changes affected by fires in larch forests at Khilok river (lake basin. Baikal) upstream flow 基洛克河(湖)流域落叶松森林结构与生物多样性变化贝加尔湖)上游水流
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-54-63
V. Makarov, T. V. Zhelibo, O. Malykh, E. Banshchikova, Y. Zima
The study results of changes in the larch forests’ structure and biodiversity in the upper Khilok River basin (right tributary of the Selenga River) affected by the climate change and forest fires in the period from 1996 to 2018 are presented. It was found that the area of closed forests decreased by an average of 51 %, the burnt forest area and burnt timber increased by 46%, dwarf birches decreased by 12 %, the natural reforestation of the sample areas is 90 % poor and unsatisfactory. It was revealed that due to fires in forest communities, the total number of plant species and lichens decreases, indices of species wealth and biodiversity concentration decrease in plant communities, and the ratio of species of latitudinal geographical groups (forest, steppe and meadow) changes. It is shown that with further climate aridization, an increase in the area of dwarf birches communities after fires can lead to the replacement of forests with shrubby, and later grassy communities. It is recommended to continue research on changes in the structure and biological diversity of plant communities in the selected model areas due to an increase in the amount of spring-summer precipitation in the region.
介绍了1996 - 2018年气候变化和森林火灾对基勒克河上游流域(色楞嘎河右支流)落叶松森林结构和生物多样性变化的影响。研究发现,样区天然林面积平均减少51%,焦化林面积和焦化材料量平均增加46%,矮桦木减少12%,自然再造林效果不理想的占90%。结果表明,森林群落因火灾导致植物物种和地衣总数减少,物种丰富度和生物多样性浓度指数下降,纬向地理类群(森林、草原和草甸)物种比例发生变化。结果表明,随着气候进一步干旱化,火灾后矮桦树群落面积的增加可能导致灌木群落和后来的草类群落取代森林。建议继续研究所选示范区春夏降水增加对植物群落结构和生物多样性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Geoinformation analysis of changes in Stavropol urban forestry borders 斯塔夫罗波尔城市森林边界变化的地理信息分析
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-40-53
D. Lipilin, D. Gura, E. Yarotskaya, N. Naumenko
A study was carried out by comparing the spatial data of the project for the organization and management in the Stavropol forestry enterprise. The total area of the Stavropol urban forestry from 1997 to 2021 increased by 564,7 hectares due to the addition of a steppe landscape territory. It was established that 429,75 hectares of forested areas were excluded from forestry. Based on the information from the Unified State Register of Real Estate, the areas that were excluded from the forestry are currently used for residential development. Satellite images show the boundaries of the territories of the stows in 1997 and 2021, marked with different colors of the territory excluded from the total area of forest areas, as well as added areas. The comparative analysis of data for 1997, 2013 and 2021 allows us to identify all the changes in the qualitative and quantitative aspects. In accordance with the results of the study, during the study period, there is a positive trend in the increase in the area of the Stavropol urban forestry. However, it has been established that, based on the results of a detailed analysis of changes in the area of natural boundaries and regional reserves, the area of forest lands that are part of the forestry has decreased. The analysis of the factors that had a negative impact on the forest fund was carried out.
通过比较项目的空间数据,对斯塔夫罗波尔林业企业的组织和管理进行了研究。从1997年到2021年,斯塔夫罗波尔城市森林的总面积增加了564,7公顷,因为增加了草原景观领土。确定了429,75公顷的森林地区被排除在林业之外。根据美国房地产统一登记局的信息,被排除在森林之外的地区目前被用于住宅开发。卫星图像显示了1997年和2021年的stows领土边界,用不同颜色标记了从森林区域总面积中排除的领土,以及添加的区域。通过对1997年、2013年和2021年的数据进行比较分析,我们可以确定定性和定量方面的所有变化。根据研究结果,在研究期间,斯塔夫罗波尔城市森林面积呈增加趋势。但是,根据对自然边界和区域保护区面积变化的详细分析结果,已经确定,作为森林一部分的林地面积已经减少。对对森林基金产生不利影响的因素进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
Determining gloss of opaque protective and decorative coatings on wood and wood-based materials 木材和木基材料上不透明保护和装饰涂层的光泽度测定
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-102-111
B. Rybin, I. Zavrazhnova, D. Rybin
A significant problem in the production of furniture is an objective assessment of the reflective properties of coating surfaces by gloss. Instrument readings are influenced by various factors such as color, saturation, lightness of the surface, roughness of the coating surface under study, the refractive index of a colored substance, etc. The calculations showed that the coefficients of absorption and reflection of visible radiation for colored substances are insignificant over 10 %. Although when light is reflected from the surface of a colored substance, the dominant wavelength range of the visible radiation spectrum is observed, which characterizes color, but its energy characteristics in relation to the reflected flux are insignificant. The total reflected flux characterizes the gloss of the coating, and the dominant color flux characterizes the color of the substance. For colored substances, it is not possible to use the refractive index in optical calculations. When absorbing and reflecting the visible spectrum of radiation from colored substances, anomalous dispersion is observed (the values of the refractive index change according to various dependencies inside the light absorption band and beyond it). The use of known gloss meters for assessing the gloss of opaque colored protective and decorative coatings requires the improvement of existing methods or the development of new ones that allow solving the multifactorial problem of influencing the gloss of color, saturation, lightness and roughness of the studied surfaces.
家具生产中的一个重要问题是通过光泽来客观评估涂层表面的反射性能。仪器读数受各种因素的影响,如颜色、饱和度、表面亮度、所研究涂层表面的粗糙度、有色物质的折射率等。计算表明,有色物质对可见光辐射的吸收和反射系数在10%以上不显著。虽然当光从有色物质表面反射时,观察到可见辐射光谱的主导波长范围,这是颜色的特征,但其能量特征相对于反射通量是微不足道的。总反射通量表征涂层的光泽度,主色通量表征物质的颜色。对于有色物质,不可能在光学计算中使用折射率。当吸收和反射来自有色物质的可见光谱辐射时,观察到异常色散(折射率的值根据光吸收带内外的各种依赖关系而变化)。使用已知的光泽度计来评估不透明彩色保护和装饰涂层的光泽度,需要改进现有方法或开发新的方法,以解决影响所研究表面的颜色,饱和度,亮度和粗糙度的光泽的多因素问题。
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引用次数: 0
Plant biomass components hydrolysis as universal mechanism for eco safety of natural and synthetic materials 植物生物质组分水解是天然和合成材料生态安全的普遍机制
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-120-127
A. Ivankin, A. Zarubinа, A. Verevkin, M. Baburina
Hydrolysis of protein-polysaccharide components of plant materials under basic environmental conditions is the main mechanism of biochemical degradation of biomass in nature. Most modern synthetic polymeric materials do not have the ability to rapidly degrade in the environment after the end of their useful life. The aim of the work was to compare the kinetics of hydrolysis of protein-polysaccharide substances of plant origin and artificially created synthetic polymeric materials with biomarker units. The article studies the kinetics of hydrolysis of the basic constituents of natural materials on the example of model systems — vegetable protein of soy origin and vegetable carbohydrate — starch in comparison with the possible enzymatic biodegradation of a synthetic copolymer used for surface treatment of wood products — a copolymer of glycerol and phthalic anhydride. A methodology for the possible modification of the synthesis of such copolymers by introducing lactic acid fluctuation units into their structure, which increase the bioactivity of the polymer material, is described. The effect of lactic acid units in the composition of synthetic tercopolymer on the rate of its biodegradation has been revealed. The main kinetic constants of the decay rates and activation energies of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the studied objects were determined under conditions simulating their possible biodegradation in the environment. The values of the constants of the maximum rates of pancreatic biodegradation Vmax.102, ranged from 0,24 mg/ml·min–1 for the synthesized tercopolymer of glycerol, phthalic anhydride and lactic acid compared with similar values at the level of 1,43...2,29 mg /ml·min–1 for protein-polysaccharide substrates. It is shown that substances of a protein nature have the highest rate of biodegradation, and a synthetic copolymer of glycerol and phthalic anhydride in the form of glyphthalic resin has a significant resistance to biodegradation. Modification of such a copolymer by introducing lactic acid units into its structure makes it possible to increase its biodegradability. The expediency of modifying the eco-properties of synthetic polymers by introducing lactic acid units into their structure, which increase the biodegradability, has been confirmed.
植物材料的蛋白质-多糖组分在基本环境条件下的水解是自然界生物质生化降解的主要机制。大多数现代合成高分子材料在其使用寿命结束后不具备在环境中迅速降解的能力。本研究的目的是比较植物来源的蛋白质多糖物质和人工合成的具有生物标记单位的聚合物材料的水解动力学。本文以大豆来源的植物蛋白和植物碳水化合物淀粉为例,研究了天然材料基本组分的水解动力学,并与用于木制品表面处理的合成共聚物甘油-邻苯二酸酐共聚物的可能酶生物降解进行了比较。本文描述了一种通过在其结构中引入乳酸波动单元来修饰这种共聚物合成的可能方法,从而增加了聚合物材料的生物活性。揭示了合成三元共聚物组成中乳酸单元对其生物降解速率的影响。在模拟其在环境中可能的生物降解的条件下,确定了所研究对象的酶解衰变速率和活化能的主要动力学常数。合成的甘油、邻苯二酸酐和乳酸的三共聚物的最大胰腺生物降解速率常数Vmax.102的取值范围为0,24 mg/ml·min-1,而在1,43…2,29 mg /ml·min-1为蛋白-多糖底物。研究表明,蛋白质性质的物质具有最高的生物降解率,甘油与邻苯二甲酸酐合成的树脂形式的共聚物具有显著的生物降解抗性。通过在其结构中引入乳酸单元对这种共聚物进行改性,可以提高其生物可降解性。通过在合成聚合物的结构中引入乳酸单元来修饰其生态性能,从而提高其生物降解性的便利性已经得到证实。
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引用次数: 0
Growth analysis of aspen (Populus tremula L.) produced by in vitro method in Republic of Tatarstan 鞑靼斯坦离体法生产的白杨生长分析
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-15-22
G. A. Petrova, E. Kalashnikova, A. Mukhametshina
The paper presents the results of an experiment on the aspen clones (Populus tremula L.) reproduction resistant to heart rot of the diploid and triploid genotype by micropropagation methods and their introduction into forestry production in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The expediency of using this method in the conditions of the republic for obtaining healthy planting material of aspen, which is characterized by rapid growth, is substantiated. The prospects of clone No. 35 with a triploid genotype reproduction and its introduction into forestry production in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan are shown.
本文介绍了在鞑靼斯坦共和国条件下,二倍体和三倍体基因型杨树无性系(Populus tremula L.)抗心腐病的繁殖试验和引种试验的结果。在共和国的条件下,使用这种方法获得生长迅速的杨树的健康种植材料是方便的,这一点得到了证实。介绍了在鞑靼斯坦共和国条件下,三倍体基因型繁殖的35号无性系及其引进林业生产的前景。
{"title":"Growth analysis of aspen (Populus tremula L.) produced by in vitro method in Republic of Tatarstan","authors":"G. A. Petrova, E. Kalashnikova, A. Mukhametshina","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-15-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-15-22","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of an experiment on the aspen clones (Populus tremula L.) reproduction resistant to heart rot of the diploid and triploid genotype by micropropagation methods and their introduction into forestry production in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The expediency of using this method in the conditions of the republic for obtaining healthy planting material of aspen, which is characterized by rapid growth, is substantiated. The prospects of clone No. 35 with a triploid genotype reproduction and its introduction into forestry production in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan are shown.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73183807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Redwood and ebony blanks impulse convective drying 红木和乌木坯料脉冲对流干燥
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-112-119
S. Moiseev, D. Deyanov, A. A. Kosarin, G. N. Kuryshov
A review of literature sources on the physical and mechanical properties of redwood and ebony is given. A description of the characteristic properties of redwood and ebony wood is given. The place of growth of these species, varieties of properties depending on the area of their distribution are indicated. A review of literature sources on regime parameters for drying redwood and ebony wood blanks is given. The drying modes are given, which depend on the current moisture content of the wood and differ from each other in the initial and final temperatures, as well as the degree of saturation of the drying agent at the initial and final stages of drying. The principles of the structure of pulse modes of wood drying are considered. The modes of pulsed drying of redwood 50 mm thick and ebony 25 mm thick blanks are presented. The initial moisture content of mahogany and ebony blanks was determined according to GOST 16588. The control over the current moisture content was carried out by the method of control samples. And the development of drying stresses is based on power samples. The stresses arising during the drying of the workpieces were evaluated by the relative deformation of the power sections teeth, sawn from the control power samples. The use of pulsed modes allows you to reduce energy consumption and improve the drying quality.
对红木和乌木的物理力学性能进行了综述。介绍了红木和乌木的特性。指出了这些物种的生长地点,根据其分布区域的性质变化。综述了红木和乌木坯料干燥工艺参数的文献来源。给出了干燥模式,这取决于当前木材的水分含量,在初始和最终温度以及干燥的初始和最终阶段干燥剂的饱和程度上彼此不同。研究了木材干燥脉冲模的结构原理。介绍了50 mm厚红木和25 mm厚乌木坯料的脉冲干燥方式。红木和乌木坯料的初始含水率根据GOST 16588进行测定。采用对照样品法对当前含水率进行控制。干燥应力的发展是基于功率样品的。在干燥过程中产生的应力是通过相对变形来评估的,从控制功率样品锯切功率部分的齿。使用脉冲模式可以降低能耗,提高干燥质量。
{"title":"Redwood and ebony blanks impulse convective drying","authors":"S. Moiseev, D. Deyanov, A. A. Kosarin, G. N. Kuryshov","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-112-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-112-119","url":null,"abstract":"A review of literature sources on the physical and mechanical properties of redwood and ebony is given. A description of the characteristic properties of redwood and ebony wood is given. The place of growth of these species, varieties of properties depending on the area of their distribution are indicated. A review of literature sources on regime parameters for drying redwood and ebony wood blanks is given. The drying modes are given, which depend on the current moisture content of the wood and differ from each other in the initial and final temperatures, as well as the degree of saturation of the drying agent at the initial and final stages of drying. The principles of the structure of pulse modes of wood drying are considered. The modes of pulsed drying of redwood 50 mm thick and ebony 25 mm thick blanks are presented. The initial moisture content of mahogany and ebony blanks was determined according to GOST 16588. The control over the current moisture content was carried out by the method of control samples. And the development of drying stresses is based on power samples. The stresses arising during the drying of the workpieces were evaluated by the relative deformation of the power sections teeth, sawn from the control power samples. The use of pulsed modes allows you to reduce energy consumption and improve the drying quality.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73740012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Landscaping of cultural and public amenities objects 文化和公共设施对象的景观美化
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-71-82
N. P. Kartashova, V. Kruglyak
The historical scheme of the Moscow Palace of Pioneers is analyzed. The features of the reconstruction of the territory of the Moscow Palace of Pioneers are revealed. The master plan of the territory of the palace of creativity for children and youth of the city of Voronezh is shown. The distribution of trees by state categories and life forms is given. The location of flower beds on the territory of the Palace of Creativity for Children and Youth of the city of Voronezh is presented. The range of recommended plants, their exactingness to soil moisture and types of plantings for the object of landscape organization of the territory is characterized. It has been established that planting of tapeworms, landscape groups, row plantings and hedges is recommended on the territory of the design object. The structure of the master plan of the literary park on the territory of the palace of creativity for children and youth of the city of Voronezh is determined. The place of the design object on the panorama with a view of the Voronezh reservoir is indicated.
分析了莫斯科先锋宫的历史方案。揭示了莫斯科先锋宫领土重建的特点。图为沃罗涅日市儿童和青少年创意宫的总体规划。按状态分类和生命形式给出了树木的分布。介绍了沃罗涅日市儿童和青年创意宫境内花坛的位置。推荐植物的范围,它们对土壤湿度的精确性以及作为该地区景观组织对象的植物类型的特征。已经确定,建议在设计对象的领土上种植绦虫、景观群、行种植和树篱。在沃罗涅日市儿童和青少年创意宫的领土上,文学公园的总体规划结构已经确定。在沃罗涅日水库全景图上显示了设计对象的位置。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical model of one-dimensional nonstationary dynamics of single particle in acoustic and electric fields 声电场作用下单粒子一维非平稳动力学的解析模型
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-135-144
D. A. Tukmakov
This paper presents the results of calculations of the dynamics of an electrically neutral and electrically charged particle in a closed channel. A mathematical model of the dynamics of a single particle in an acoustic field is presented, in which the potential of the acoustic field is given by a one-dimensional linear wave equation. The dynamics of the particle was described by a differential equation that puts the dependence of the particle velocity on the forces applied to it - the Stokes force acting from the side of the acoustic field, and the Coulomb force acting from the side of the electric field. It is revealed that the amplitude of oscillations of an electrically neutral particle is less than the amplitude of oscillations of an electrically charged particle in an electric field. It is determined that at a small amplitude of the piston oscillations, the amplitude of the change in the speed of an electrically charged particle under the action of electric field forces exceeds the amplitude of the change in the speed of an electrically neutral particle. In this paper, we analyzed the influence on the dynamics of an electrically charged particle in an acoustic field for stationary and nonstationary distributions of the electric field potential. The paper presents calculations of the dynamics of an electrically charged particle in a periodic electric field with different frequencies of electric field variation. It was found that when a particle is exposed to an alternating electric field that is in phase with the gas velocity field, the particle velocity increases, if the frequency of the alternating electric field is in antiphase with the gas velocity, then the particle velocity decreases. It is determined that if a stationary electric field acts on a particle, then the particle drifts to that part of the channel to which a potential is applied, the sign of which is opposite to the sign of the particle charge.
本文给出了封闭通道中电中性粒子和带电粒子的动力学计算结果。提出了单粒子在声场中的动力学数学模型,其中声场的势由一维线性波动方程给出。粒子的动力学是用微分方程来描述的,微分方程把粒子的速度依赖于施加在它身上的力——斯托克斯力来自声场的一侧,库仑力来自电场的一侧。揭示了电中性粒子在电场中的振荡幅度小于带电粒子的振荡幅度。可以确定,在活塞振荡的小振幅下,带电粒子在电场力作用下的速度变化幅度超过了电中性粒子的速度变化幅度。本文分析了电场势的平稳分布和非平稳分布对声场中带电粒子动力学的影响。本文用不同的电场变化频率计算了带电粒子在周期性电场中的动力学。结果表明:当粒子置于与气速场同相的交变电场中时,粒子速度增大;当交变电场频率与气速场反相时,粒子速度减小。可以确定的是,如果一个固定的电场作用在一个粒子上,那么这个粒子就会漂移到有电势作用的通道的那一部分,电势的符号与粒子电荷的符号相反。
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引用次数: 0
Certification and identification of possible threats to information security of software and firmware 认证和识别可能对信息安全构成威胁的软件和固件
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-145-157
E.G. Komarov, V. Lozovetsky, V. V. Lebedev, A.V. Archipenko
A number of methods, methods and tools are proposed for certification of software and firmware in information systems in order to select approaches and tools for working in non-standard situations in a constantly changing regulatory and methodological framework and possible threats to their information security. The type of certification under consideration is limited to methods and techniques for analyzing vulnerabilities and undeclared capabilities. This type of certification is intended for software research. Not all possible aspects related to this type of certification have been considered, however, the novelty and advantages of the approaches are based on some original approaches in cases where it is not clear how to present sets of input data for testing. Approaches to certification tests are presented using tools of our own design, which allows you to identify the main parameters necessary for assembling software and its research, and to parse software written in various programming languages. Based on the program of testing and verification of the object of assessment in accordance with the requirements of information security under a certain level of control, methods for conducting certification studies are proposed, the advantages of approaches using the available and proposed tools are shown. To save on the purchase of tools, some well-known, free and freely distributed tools, as well as effective and inexpensive software products, are proposed for use in tests.
为了在不断变化的监管和方法框架以及可能对其信息安全构成威胁的非标准情况下选择工作的方法和工具,建议了许多方法、方法和工具来认证信息系统中的软件和固件。所考虑的认证类型仅限于分析漏洞和未声明功能的方法和技术。这种类型的认证是针对软件研究的。并非与此类认证相关的所有可能方面都被考虑过,然而,在不清楚如何呈现用于测试的输入数据集的情况下,这些方法的新颖性和优点是基于一些原始方法。使用我们自己设计的工具来介绍认证测试的方法,这些工具允许您确定组装软件及其研究所需的主要参数,并解析用各种编程语言编写的软件。根据在一定控制水平下的信息安全要求对评估对象进行测试和验证的方案,提出了进行认证研究的方法,并展示了使用现有和建议的工具的方法的优势。为了节省购买工具的费用,建议在测试中使用一些知名的、免费的和免费分发的工具,以及有效的和廉价的软件产品。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Forestry Bulletin
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