Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1359225
Jennifer I. Mejaes, Jacqueline Saenz, Chris O’Brien, Carina M. Pizzano, Ping-Yue Pan, David J. Barker
The synaptojanin-1 (SYNJ1) gene is known to be important for dopamine-related disorders. Recent evidence has demonstrated that Synj1 deficient mice (Synj1+/−) have impairments in dopaminergic synaptic vesicular recycling. However, less is known about how Synj1 deficits affect the mesolimbic system, reward processing, and motivated behavior. To examine the role of the Synj1 gene in motivated behavior, we subjected male and female Synj1+/− and Synj1+/+ mice to a battery of behavioral tests evaluating hedonic responses, effortful responding, and responses to psychomotor stimulants. We observed that Synj1+/− mice exhibit few differences in reward processing and motivated behavior, with normal hedonic responses and motivated responding for sucrose. However, male but not female Synj1+/− demonstrated an attenuated conditioned place preference for cocaine that could not be attributed to deficits in spatial memory. To further understand the dopamine signaling underlying the attenuated response to cocaine in these mutant mice, we recorded nucleus accumbens dopamine in response to cocaine and observed that Synj1+/− male and female mice took longer to reach peak dopamine release following experimenter-administered cocaine. However, female mice also showed slower decay in accumbens dopamine that appear to be linked to differences in cocaine-induced DAT responses. These findings demonstrate that SYNJ1 deficiencies result in abnormal mesolimbic DA signaling which has not previously been demonstrated. Our work also highlights the need to develop targeted therapeutics capable of restoring deficits in DAT function, which may be effective for reversing the pathologies associated with Synj1 mutations.
{"title":"Frontiers | Haploinsufficiency of the Parkinson’s disease gene synaptojanin1 is associated with abnormal responses to psychomotor stimulants and mesolimbic dopamine signaling","authors":"Jennifer I. Mejaes, Jacqueline Saenz, Chris O’Brien, Carina M. Pizzano, Ping-Yue Pan, David J. Barker","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1359225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1359225","url":null,"abstract":"The synaptojanin-1 (SYNJ1) gene is known to be important for dopamine-related disorders. Recent evidence has demonstrated that Synj1 deficient mice (Synj1+/−) have impairments in dopaminergic synaptic vesicular recycling. However, less is known about how Synj1 deficits affect the mesolimbic system, reward processing, and motivated behavior. To examine the role of the Synj1 gene in motivated behavior, we subjected male and female Synj1+/− and Synj1+/+ mice to a battery of behavioral tests evaluating hedonic responses, effortful responding, and responses to psychomotor stimulants. We observed that Synj1+/− mice exhibit few differences in reward processing and motivated behavior, with normal hedonic responses and motivated responding for sucrose. However, male but not female Synj1+/− demonstrated an attenuated conditioned place preference for cocaine that could not be attributed to deficits in spatial memory. To further understand the dopamine signaling underlying the attenuated response to cocaine in these mutant mice, we recorded nucleus accumbens dopamine in response to cocaine and observed that Synj1+/− male and female mice took longer to reach peak dopamine release following experimenter-administered cocaine. However, female mice also showed slower decay in accumbens dopamine that appear to be linked to differences in cocaine-induced DAT responses. These findings demonstrate that SYNJ1 deficiencies result in abnormal mesolimbic DA signaling which has not previously been demonstrated. Our work also highlights the need to develop targeted therapeutics capable of restoring deficits in DAT function, which may be effective for reversing the pathologies associated with Synj1 mutations.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1341705
Han Yin Cheng, Danielle I. Fournier, Travis P. Todd
The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is well-known for its contribution to episodic memory, as well as contextual and spatial learning and memory. However, two literatures have also emerged examining the role of the RSC in aversive conditioning. The purpose of this manuscript is to review, and attempt to integrate, these two literatures. We focus on studies in which discrete cues, such as tones, predict the occurrence of aversive outcomes, such as mild shocks. Using both electrophysiological recordings and lesion methods, the first literature has examined RSC contributions to discriminative avoidance conditioning. The second, and more recent literature, has focused on the role of the RSC in Pavlovian fear conditioning. We discuss both literatures in terms of the type of information processed by the RSC, the role of the RSC in memory storage, and how the aversive conditioning literature might be consistent with a role for the RSC in contextual learning and memory.
{"title":"Retrosplenial cortex and aversive conditioning","authors":"Han Yin Cheng, Danielle I. Fournier, Travis P. Todd","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1341705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1341705","url":null,"abstract":"The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is well-known for its contribution to episodic memory, as well as contextual and spatial learning and memory. However, two literatures have also emerged examining the role of the RSC in aversive conditioning. The purpose of this manuscript is to review, and attempt to integrate, these two literatures. We focus on studies in which discrete cues, such as tones, predict the occurrence of aversive outcomes, such as mild shocks. Using both electrophysiological recordings and lesion methods, the first literature has examined RSC contributions to discriminative avoidance conditioning. The second, and more recent literature, has focused on the role of the RSC in Pavlovian fear conditioning. We discuss both literatures in terms of the type of information processed by the RSC, the role of the RSC in memory storage, and how the aversive conditioning literature might be consistent with a role for the RSC in contextual learning and memory.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1425607
Eric H. Mitten, Anna Souders, Ezequiel Marron Fernandez de Velasco, Kevin Wickman
IntroductionStress and trauma are significant risk factors for many neuropsychiatric disorders and diseases, including anxiety disorders. Stress-induced anxiety symptoms have been attributed to enhanced excitability in circuits controlling fear, anxiety, and aversion. A growing body of evidence has implicated GABAergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in aversion processing and affective behavior.MethodsWe used an unpredictable footshock (uFS) model, together with electrophysiological and behavioral approaches, to investigate the role of VTA GABA neurons in anxiety-related behavior in mice.ResultsOne day after a single uFS session, C57BL/6J mice exhibited elevated anxiety-related behavior and VTA GABA neuron excitability. The enhanced excitability of VTA GABA neurons was correlated with increased glutamatergic input and a reduction in postsynaptic signaling mediated via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Chemogenetic activation of VTA GABA neurons was sufficient to increase anxiety-related behavior in stress-naïve mice. In addition, chemogenetic inhibition of VTA GABA neurons suppressed anxiety-related behavior in mice exposed to uFS.DiscussionThese data show that VTA GABA neurons are an early substrate for stress-induced anxiety-related behavior in mice and suggest that approaches mitigating enhanced excitability of VTA GABA neurons may hold promise for the treatment of anxiety provoked by stress and trauma.
{"title":"Frontiers | Stress-induced anxiety-related behavior in mice is driven by enhanced excitability of ventral tegmental area GABA neurons","authors":"Eric H. Mitten, Anna Souders, Ezequiel Marron Fernandez de Velasco, Kevin Wickman","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1425607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1425607","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionStress and trauma are significant risk factors for many neuropsychiatric disorders and diseases, including anxiety disorders. Stress-induced anxiety symptoms have been attributed to enhanced excitability in circuits controlling fear, anxiety, and aversion. A growing body of evidence has implicated GABAergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in aversion processing and affective behavior.MethodsWe used an unpredictable footshock (uFS) model, together with electrophysiological and behavioral approaches, to investigate the role of VTA GABA neurons in anxiety-related behavior in mice.ResultsOne day after a single uFS session, C57BL/6J mice exhibited elevated anxiety-related behavior and VTA GABA neuron excitability. The enhanced excitability of VTA GABA neurons was correlated with increased glutamatergic input and a reduction in postsynaptic signaling mediated via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Chemogenetic activation of VTA GABA neurons was sufficient to increase anxiety-related behavior in stress-naïve mice. In addition, chemogenetic inhibition of VTA GABA neurons suppressed anxiety-related behavior in mice exposed to uFS.DiscussionThese data show that VTA GABA neurons are an early substrate for stress-induced anxiety-related behavior in mice and suggest that approaches mitigating enhanced excitability of VTA GABA neurons may hold promise for the treatment of anxiety provoked by stress and trauma.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1428146
Tara Canonica, Emma J. Kidd, Dorota Gibbins, Eva Lana-Elola, Elizabeth M. C. Fisher, Victor L. J. Tybulewicz, Mark Good
BackgroundTrisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) results in a constellation of features known as Down syndrome (DS), the most common genetic form of intellectual disability. Hsa21 is orthologous to three regions in the mouse genome on mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu16), Mmu17 and Mmu10. We investigated genotype-phenotype relationships by assessing the contribution of these three regions to memory function and age-dependent cognitive decline, using three mouse models of DS, Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey, Dp(10)2Yey, that carry an extra copy of the Hsa21-orthologues on Mmu16, Mmu17 and Mmu10, respectively.HypothesisPrior research on cognitive function in DS mouse models has largely focused on models with an extra copy of the Mmu16 region and relatively little is known about the effects of increased copy number on Mmu17 and Mmu10 on cognition and how this interacts with the effects of aging. As aging is is a critical contributor to cognitive and psychiatric changes in DS, we hypothesised that ageing would differentially impact memory function in Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey, and Dp(10)2Yey, models of DS.MethodsYoung (12-13 months and old (18-20 months mice Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey and Dp(10)2Yey mice were tested on a battery of object recognition memory test that assessed object novelty detection, novel location detection and associative object-in place memory. Following behavioral testing, hippocampal and frontal cortical tissue was analysed for expression of glutamatergic receptor proteins using standard immunoblot techniques.ResultsYoung (12-13 months and old (18-20 months mice Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey and Dp(10)2Yey mice were tested on a battery of object recognition memory test that assessed object novelty detection, novel location detection and associative object-in place memory. Following behavioral testing, hippocampal and frontal cortical tissue was analysed for expression of glutamatergic receptor proteins using standard immunoblot techniques.ConclusionOur results show that distinct Hsa21-orthologous regions contribute differentially to cognitive dysfunction in DS mouse models and that aging interacts with triplication of Hsa21-orthologous genes on Mmu10.
{"title":"Frontiers | Dissecting the contribution of human chromosome 21 syntenic regions to recognition memory processes in adult and aged mouse models of Down syndrome","authors":"Tara Canonica, Emma J. Kidd, Dorota Gibbins, Eva Lana-Elola, Elizabeth M. C. Fisher, Victor L. J. Tybulewicz, Mark Good","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1428146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1428146","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundTrisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) results in a constellation of features known as Down syndrome (DS), the most common genetic form of intellectual disability. Hsa21 is orthologous to three regions in the mouse genome on mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu16), Mmu17 and Mmu10. We investigated genotype-phenotype relationships by assessing the contribution of these three regions to memory function and age-dependent cognitive decline, using three mouse models of DS, Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey, Dp(10)2Yey, that carry an extra copy of the Hsa21-orthologues on Mmu16, Mmu17 and Mmu10, respectively.HypothesisPrior research on cognitive function in DS mouse models has largely focused on models with an extra copy of the Mmu16 region and relatively little is known about the effects of increased copy number on Mmu17 and Mmu10 on cognition and how this interacts with the effects of aging. As aging is is a critical contributor to cognitive and psychiatric changes in DS, we hypothesised that ageing would differentially impact memory function in Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey, and Dp(10)2Yey, models of DS.MethodsYoung (12-13 months and old (18-20 months mice Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey and Dp(10)2Yey mice were tested on a battery of object recognition memory test that assessed object novelty detection, novel location detection and associative object-in place memory. Following behavioral testing, hippocampal and frontal cortical tissue was analysed for expression of glutamatergic receptor proteins using standard immunoblot techniques.ResultsYoung (12-13 months and old (18-20 months mice Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey and Dp(10)2Yey mice were tested on a battery of object recognition memory test that assessed object novelty detection, novel location detection and associative object-in place memory. Following behavioral testing, hippocampal and frontal cortical tissue was analysed for expression of glutamatergic receptor proteins using standard immunoblot techniques.ConclusionOur results show that distinct Hsa21-orthologous regions contribute differentially to cognitive dysfunction in DS mouse models and that aging interacts with triplication of Hsa21-orthologous genes on Mmu10.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1389905
Marco Tullio Liuzza, Marta Z. Zakrzewska, Jonas K. Olofsson
IntroductionDisgust sensitivity to body odors plays a role in a set of psychological mechanisms supposedly evolved to avoid pathogens. To assess individual differences in body odor disgust, we previously developed the body odor disgust scale (BODS) and validated it in English. The BODS presents six scenarios where disgust could be evoked by smells coming from an internal source and an external source. The present study aimed to validate the BODS in the Italian population and to find further evidence for its structural, construct, and criterion validity.MethodsWe used two large samples (N = 1,050, F = 527; and N = 402, F = 203, respectively) that were representative of the Italian population for sex and age.ResultsAcross these two studies, we confirmed the hypothesized bifactor structure, with all the items loading onto a general body odor disgust sensitivity factor, and on two specific factors related to the internal structure. In terms of construct validity, we found that the BODS converged with pathogen disgust sensitivity of the three-domain disgust scale (TDDS) but was distinct from a general propensity to experience negative emotions. The BODS showed criterion validity in predicting the behavioral intentions toward COVID-19 avoidance behavior, although it did not seem to be incrementally valid when compared to the TDDS pathogen subscale. We also established scalar measurement invariance of the BODS regarding gender and found that women display higher levels of BODS.DiscussionResults from the Italian version of the BODS indicate its structural, construct, nomological and criterion validity. Furthermore, our result on sex differences in disgust sensitivity are consistent with previous literature, and we discuss them in the broader context of cross-cultural and primate findings that points toward a possible evolutionary explanation of this difference.
导言：对体味的厌恶敏感性在一系列心理机制中发挥着作用，据说这些机制是为了避免病原体而进化而来的。为了评估体味厌恶的个体差异，我们之前开发了体味厌恶量表（BODS），并用英语进行了验证。体味厌恶量表提供了六种情景，分别由来自内部和外部的气味引起厌恶。本研究的目的是在意大利人口中验证 BODS，并为其结构、构造和标准效度寻找进一步的证据。方法我们使用了两个大型样本（分别为 N = 1,050, F = 527；N = 402, F = 203），这两个样本在性别和年龄上都代表了意大利人口。结果在这两项研究中，我们证实了假设的双因子结构，所有项目都加载在一个一般体味厌恶敏感因子上，以及两个与内部结构相关的特定因子上。在建构效度方面，我们发现体味厌恶敏感度与三域厌恶量表（TDDS）中的病原体厌恶敏感度一致，但又有别于一般的负面情绪倾向。在预测 COVID-19 规避行为的行为意向方面，BODS 显示出了标准效度，尽管与 TDDS 病原体分量表相比，BODS 似乎不具有增量效度。我们还确定了 BODS 在性别方面的标度测量不变性，并发现女性的 BODS 水平更高。此外，我们关于厌恶敏感度性别差异的研究结果与之前的文献一致，我们在跨文化和灵长类动物研究结果的大背景下讨论了这些结果，这些研究结果指出了这种差异可能的进化解释。
{"title":"Italian validation of the body odor disgust scale","authors":"Marco Tullio Liuzza, Marta Z. Zakrzewska, Jonas K. Olofsson","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1389905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1389905","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionDisgust sensitivity to body odors plays a role in a set of psychological mechanisms supposedly evolved to avoid pathogens. To assess individual differences in body odor disgust, we previously developed the body odor disgust scale (BODS) and validated it in English. The BODS presents six scenarios where disgust could be evoked by smells coming from an internal source and an external source. The present study aimed to validate the BODS in the Italian population and to find further evidence for its structural, construct, and criterion validity.MethodsWe used two large samples (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 1,050, <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> = 527; and <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 402, <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> = 203, respectively) that were representative of the Italian population for sex and age.ResultsAcross these two studies, we confirmed the hypothesized bifactor structure, with all the items loading onto a general body odor disgust sensitivity factor, and on two specific factors related to the internal structure. In terms of construct validity, we found that the BODS converged with pathogen disgust sensitivity of the three-domain disgust scale (TDDS) but was distinct from a general propensity to experience negative emotions. The BODS showed criterion validity in predicting the behavioral intentions toward COVID-19 avoidance behavior, although it did not seem to be incrementally valid when compared to the TDDS pathogen subscale. We also established scalar measurement invariance of the BODS regarding gender and found that women display higher levels of BODS.DiscussionResults from the Italian version of the BODS indicate its structural, construct, nomological and criterion validity. Furthermore, our result on sex differences in disgust sensitivity are consistent with previous literature, and we discuss them in the broader context of cross-cultural and primate findings that points toward a possible evolutionary explanation of this difference.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"39 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1434372
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1404294.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1404294.].
{"title":"Erratum: Editorial: Towards a new 3Rs era in experimental research.","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1434372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1434372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1404294.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1434372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11185076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1325481
Koenraad Kortmulder
Golani’s concept of the “mobility gradient” describes the unfolding of motor behavior after immobility and in ontogeny. The two processes run parallel and are similar across vertebrates. In both time scales, the trend is for the behavior to progressively become enriched, cover more dimensions (motor expansion) and become less dependent on external stimuli (stimulus-bound). This paper addresses the question whether the gradient extends into social, interactive behavior. Observation of natural groups larger than dyads may help answering that question. As an example, the natural social behavior of a fish, Pethia nigrofasciata is described in some detail. It is concluded that their motor behavior expands in the course of their daily spawning period.
{"title":"Awakenings in triplicate: in ontogeny, after immobility, and to the presence of a congener. Comments on Ilan Golani’s concept of the mobility gradient","authors":"Koenraad Kortmulder","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1325481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1325481","url":null,"abstract":"Golani’s concept of the “mobility gradient” describes the unfolding of motor behavior after immobility and in ontogeny. The two processes run parallel and are similar across vertebrates. In both time scales, the trend is for the behavior to progressively become enriched, cover more dimensions (motor expansion) and become less dependent on external stimuli (stimulus-bound). This paper addresses the question whether the gradient extends into social, interactive behavior. Observation of natural groups larger than dyads may help answering that question. As an example, the natural social behavior of a fish, <jats:italic>Pethia nigrofasciata</jats:italic> is described in some detail. It is concluded that their motor behavior expands in the course of their daily spawning period.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1399716
Jonas Scherer, Martin M. Müller, Patrick Unterbrink, Sina Meier, Martin Egelhaaf, Olivier J. N. Bertrand, Norbert Boeddeker
IntroductionIn order to successfully move from place to place, our brain often combines sensory inputs from various sources by dynamically weighting spatial cues according to their reliability and relevance for a given task. Two of the most important cues in navigation are the spatial arrangement of landmarks in the environment, and the continuous path integration of travelled distances and changes in direction. Several studies have shown that Bayesian integration of cues provides a good explanation for navigation in environments dominated by small numbers of easily identifiable landmarks. However, it remains largely unclear how cues are combined in more complex environments.MethodsTo investigate how humans process and combine landmarks and path integration in complex environments, we conducted a series of triangle completion experiments in virtual reality, in which we varied the number of landmarks from an open steppe to a dense forest, thus going beyond the spatially simple environments that have been studied in the past. We analysed spatial behaviour at both the population and individual level with linear regression models and developed a computational model, based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), to infer the underlying combination of cues.ResultsOverall homing performance was optimal in an environment containing three landmarks arranged around the goal location. With more than three landmarks, individual differences between participants in the use of cues are striking. For some, the addition of landmarks does not worsen their performance, whereas for others it seems to impair their use of landmark information.DiscussionIt appears that navigation success in complex environments depends on the ability to identify the correct clearing around the goal location, suggesting that some participants may not be able to see the forest for the trees.
{"title":"Not seeing the forest for the trees: combination of path integration and landmark cues in human virtual navigation","authors":"Jonas Scherer, Martin M. Müller, Patrick Unterbrink, Sina Meier, Martin Egelhaaf, Olivier J. N. Bertrand, Norbert Boeddeker","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1399716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1399716","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionIn order to successfully move from place to place, our brain often combines sensory inputs from various sources by dynamically weighting spatial cues according to their reliability and relevance for a given task. Two of the most important cues in navigation are the spatial arrangement of landmarks in the environment, and the continuous path integration of travelled distances and changes in direction. Several studies have shown that Bayesian integration of cues provides a good explanation for navigation in environments dominated by small numbers of easily identifiable landmarks. However, it remains largely unclear how cues are combined in more complex environments.MethodsTo investigate how humans process and combine landmarks and path integration in complex environments, we conducted a series of triangle completion experiments in virtual reality, in which we varied the number of landmarks from an open steppe to a dense forest, thus going beyond the spatially simple environments that have been studied in the past. We analysed spatial behaviour at both the population and individual level with linear regression models and developed a computational model, based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), to infer the underlying combination of cues.ResultsOverall homing performance was optimal in an environment containing three landmarks arranged around the goal location. With more than three landmarks, individual differences between participants in the use of cues are striking. For some, the addition of landmarks does not worsen their performance, whereas for others it seems to impair their use of landmark information.DiscussionIt appears that navigation success in complex environments depends on the ability to identify the correct clearing around the goal location, suggesting that some participants may not be able to see the forest for the trees.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141148100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1379866
Melanie M. Berry, Beau Miller, Silvia Kelsen, Carlee Cockrell, Amy Stave Kohtz
BackgroundDrug seeking behavior occurs in response to environmental contexts and drug-associated cues. The presence of these pervasive stimuli impedes abstinence success. β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) have a long-standing historical implication in driving processes associated with contextual memories, including drug-associated memories in substance use disorders. However, sex differences in the role of β-adrenergic receptors in drug memories remain unknown.HypothesisPrior reports indicate a selective role for β2-ARs in retrieval and retention of contextual drug memories in males, and substantial sex differences exist in the expression of β-ARs of male and female rats. Therefore, we hypothesized that there are sex differences in selective recruitment of β-ARs during different stages of memory encoding and retrieval.MethodsThe role of β-ARs in driving retrieval and learning of contextual cocaine memories was investigated using cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult male and female Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were infused directly to the dorsal hippocampus with Propranolol (β1 and β2) or ICI-118,551 (β1) and/or Betaxolol (β2), immediately prior to testing (retrieval), or paired to each cocaine (10 mg/kp, IP) conditioning session (learning).ResultsIn males, administration of either β1, β2, or combined β1 and β2-ARs before the initial CPP testing reduced the expression of a CPP compared to vehicle administration. In females, β2-ARs transiently decreased CPP memories, whereas β1 had long lasting but not immediate effects to decrease CPP memories. Additionally, β1 and combined β1 and β2-ARs had immediate and persistent effects to decrease CPP memory expression. DG Fos + neurons predicted cocaine CPP expression in males, whereas CA1 and CA3 Fos + neurons predicted cocaine CPP expression in females.ConclusionThere are significant sex differences in the role of dorsal hippocampus β-ARs in the encoding and expression of cocaine conditioned place preference. Furthermore, sub regions of the dorsal hippocampus appear to activate differently between male and female rats during CPP. Therefore DG, CA3, and CA1 may have separate region- and sex-specific impacts on driving drug- associated, or context-associated cues.
{"title":"Sex differences in hippocampal β-adrenergic receptor subtypes drive retrieval, retention, and learning of cocaine-associated memories","authors":"Melanie M. Berry, Beau Miller, Silvia Kelsen, Carlee Cockrell, Amy Stave Kohtz","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1379866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1379866","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundDrug seeking behavior occurs in response to environmental contexts and drug-associated cues. The presence of these pervasive stimuli impedes abstinence success. β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) have a long-standing historical implication in driving processes associated with contextual memories, including drug-associated memories in substance use disorders. However, sex differences in the role of β-adrenergic receptors in drug memories remain unknown.HypothesisPrior reports indicate a selective role for β2-ARs in retrieval and retention of contextual drug memories in males, and substantial sex differences exist in the expression of β-ARs of male and female rats. Therefore, we hypothesized that there are sex differences in selective recruitment of β-ARs during different stages of memory encoding and retrieval.MethodsThe role of β-ARs in driving retrieval and learning of contextual cocaine memories was investigated using cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult male and female Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were infused directly to the dorsal hippocampus with Propranolol (β1 and β2) or ICI-118,551 (β1) and/or Betaxolol (β2), immediately prior to testing (retrieval), or paired to each cocaine (10 mg/kp, IP) conditioning session (learning).ResultsIn males, administration of either β1, β2, or combined β1 and β2-ARs before the initial CPP testing reduced the expression of a CPP compared to vehicle administration. In females, β2-ARs transiently decreased CPP memories, whereas β1 had long lasting but not immediate effects to decrease CPP memories. Additionally, β1 and combined β1 and β2-ARs had immediate and persistent effects to decrease CPP memory expression. DG Fos + neurons predicted cocaine CPP expression in males, whereas CA1 and CA3 Fos + neurons predicted cocaine CPP expression in females.ConclusionThere are significant sex differences in the role of dorsal hippocampus β-ARs in the encoding and expression of cocaine conditioned place preference. Furthermore, sub regions of the dorsal hippocampus appear to activate differently between male and female rats during CPP. Therefore DG, CA3, and CA1 may have separate region- and sex-specific impacts on driving drug- associated, or context-associated cues.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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