Investigating the intricate pathways through which FH06 fermentation broth exerts lipid-lowering and weight-loss effects is pivotal for advancing our comprehension of metabolic regulation and therapeutic interventions. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole electrostatic field orbit trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) detection and the ChEMBL database were used to determine the effective compounds in the FH06 fermentation broth and predict their targets. The TTD database and DisGeNET database were used to query obesity-related targets. The STRING database was used to construct protein interaction information. The Gene Ontology (GO) database and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database were used to perform biological function annotation (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the targets. Results: A total of 85 effective compounds were screened from the fermentation broth of FH06; these compounds may act on TP53, PPARG, TNF, and other targets through 10 signaling pathways, such as the chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation and lipid and atherosclerosis pathways, and exert pharmacological effects, such as hypoglycemic effects and weight loss. They also have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunoregulatory effects. These findings reveal the active ingredients of FH06 fermentation broth and its multi-target and multi-channel characteristics in lipid lowering and weight loss. This study has positive implications for the clinical treatment of obesity using FH06, providing a theoretical and scientific basis for further developing of FH06-assisted lipid-lowering products.
{"title":"Exploring the Potential Lipid-Lowering and Weight-Reducing Mechanisms of FH06 Fermented Beverages Based on Non-Targeted Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology","authors":"Haoming Wang, Ting Wang, Jinghan Wang, Ronghan Liu, Yingying Cui, Xiurong Wu, Rui Dai, Yanglin Wu, Xiangzhen Nie, Xiantao Yan, Ruixia Gu","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10060294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10060294","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the intricate pathways through which FH06 fermentation broth exerts lipid-lowering and weight-loss effects is pivotal for advancing our comprehension of metabolic regulation and therapeutic interventions. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole electrostatic field orbit trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) detection and the ChEMBL database were used to determine the effective compounds in the FH06 fermentation broth and predict their targets. The TTD database and DisGeNET database were used to query obesity-related targets. The STRING database was used to construct protein interaction information. The Gene Ontology (GO) database and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database were used to perform biological function annotation (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the targets. Results: A total of 85 effective compounds were screened from the fermentation broth of FH06; these compounds may act on TP53, PPARG, TNF, and other targets through 10 signaling pathways, such as the chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation and lipid and atherosclerosis pathways, and exert pharmacological effects, such as hypoglycemic effects and weight loss. They also have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunoregulatory effects. These findings reveal the active ingredients of FH06 fermentation broth and its multi-target and multi-channel characteristics in lipid lowering and weight loss. This study has positive implications for the clinical treatment of obesity using FH06, providing a theoretical and scientific basis for further developing of FH06-assisted lipid-lowering products.","PeriodicalId":12379,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant polyphenols are potential inhibitors for the anaerobic treatment of wastewater from the wood processing, pharmaceutical, and leather industries. Tannic acid (TA) was selected as a model compound to assess the inhibitory effect of plant polyphenols in simulated wastewater in this study. The influences of TA on methanogenic activity, sludge morphology, and the microbial community were investigated under glucose and sodium acetate as carbon substrates, respectively. The results show that a threshold concentration of TA above 1500 mg·L−1 that triggers significant methanogenesis depression and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation. In addition, granules might be weakened by TA addition, reflected in changes in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) within the granules and an increase in floc in the effluent. The anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) fed with sodium acetate was more sensitive than the presence of glucose as the substrate when facing the challenge of TA. The concentration of the mcrA gene in granular sludge decreased markedly in response to TA stress, providing direct evidence that a high concentration of TA caused the inhibition of specific gene expressions. This study provides details about the adverse impacts of TA stress on methane production, the microbial community, and granule integrity, deepening our understanding of the anaerobic treatment of plant polyphenols contained in wastewater.
植物多酚是木材加工、制药和皮革行业废水厌氧处理的潜在抑制剂。本研究选择单宁酸（TA）作为模型化合物，以评估植物多酚在模拟废水中的抑制作用。分别以葡萄糖和醋酸钠为碳底物，研究了单宁酸对产甲烷活性、污泥形态和微生物群落的影响。结果表明，TA 的阈值浓度超过 1500 mg-L-1，就会导致产甲烷量明显减少和挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）积累。此外，TA 的添加可能会削弱颗粒，这反映在颗粒内部胞外聚合物物质（EPS）的变化和出水中絮状物的增加上。在面对 TA 的挑战时，以醋酸钠为底物的厌氧颗粒污泥（AnGS）比以葡萄糖为底物的厌氧颗粒污泥（AnGS）更敏感。颗粒污泥中 mcrA 基因的浓度在 TA 胁迫下明显下降，这直接证明了高浓度 TA 会抑制特定基因的表达。本研究详细介绍了 TA 胁迫对甲烷生产、微生物群落和颗粒完整性的不利影响，加深了我们对废水中所含植物多酚厌氧处理的理解。
{"title":"Response of Anaerobic Granular Sludge Reactor to Plant Polyphenol Stress: Floc Disintegration and Microbial Inhibition","authors":"Shilin Bi, Hua Lian, Huiya Zhang, Zexiang Liu, Yong Chen, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10050262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10050262","url":null,"abstract":"Plant polyphenols are potential inhibitors for the anaerobic treatment of wastewater from the wood processing, pharmaceutical, and leather industries. Tannic acid (TA) was selected as a model compound to assess the inhibitory effect of plant polyphenols in simulated wastewater in this study. The influences of TA on methanogenic activity, sludge morphology, and the microbial community were investigated under glucose and sodium acetate as carbon substrates, respectively. The results show that a threshold concentration of TA above 1500 mg·L−1 that triggers significant methanogenesis depression and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation. In addition, granules might be weakened by TA addition, reflected in changes in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) within the granules and an increase in floc in the effluent. The anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) fed with sodium acetate was more sensitive than the presence of glucose as the substrate when facing the challenge of TA. The concentration of the mcrA gene in granular sludge decreased markedly in response to TA stress, providing direct evidence that a high concentration of TA caused the inhibition of specific gene expressions. This study provides details about the adverse impacts of TA stress on methane production, the microbial community, and granule integrity, deepening our understanding of the anaerobic treatment of plant polyphenols contained in wastewater.","PeriodicalId":12379,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"7 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10050261
Vita Aleksandrovna Rabinovich, Carsten Linnenberg, Ulf Theilen, Harald Weigand
Biogas is a renewable energy source generated through the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic feedstocks. This study aims to quantify the biogas production potential (BPP) of fruit wastes via semi-continuous lab-scale mesophilic AD over a total of 100 days. The feed was composed of 80% banana peelings and 20% pineapple residues, mimicking the waste composition of a Costa Rican fruit processing facility used as a test case. The average loading rate of volatile suspended solids (VSS) corresponded to 3.6 kg VSS·m−3·d−1. Biogas yield and composition were monitored, along with the concentration of ammonium, volatile fatty acids, and pH. Discounting the start-up phase, the BPP averaged to 526 LN (kg VSS)−1 with a methane concentration of around 54%, suggesting suitability of the substrate for AD. We calculated that if upscaled to the Costa Rican test case facility, these values translate into a gross average heat and electricity production via AD of around 5100 MWhel·a−1 and 5100 MWhth·a−1, respectively. Deducting self-consumption of the AD treatment, this is equivalent to 73% of the facility’s electricity demand, and could save about 450,000 L of heavy oil per year for heat generation. To circumvent nitrogen shortage, the addition of a co-substrate such as dry manure seems advisable.
{"title":"Biogas Production Potential of Mixed Banana and Pineapple Waste as Assessed by Long-Term Laboratory-Scale Anaerobic Digestion","authors":"Vita Aleksandrovna Rabinovich, Carsten Linnenberg, Ulf Theilen, Harald Weigand","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10050261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10050261","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas is a renewable energy source generated through the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic feedstocks. This study aims to quantify the biogas production potential (BPP) of fruit wastes via semi-continuous lab-scale mesophilic AD over a total of 100 days. The feed was composed of 80% banana peelings and 20% pineapple residues, mimicking the waste composition of a Costa Rican fruit processing facility used as a test case. The average loading rate of volatile suspended solids (VSS) corresponded to 3.6 kg VSS·m−3·d−1. Biogas yield and composition were monitored, along with the concentration of ammonium, volatile fatty acids, and pH. Discounting the start-up phase, the BPP averaged to 526 LN (kg VSS)−1 with a methane concentration of around 54%, suggesting suitability of the substrate for AD. We calculated that if upscaled to the Costa Rican test case facility, these values translate into a gross average heat and electricity production via AD of around 5100 MWhel·a−1 and 5100 MWhth·a−1, respectively. Deducting self-consumption of the AD treatment, this is equivalent to 73% of the facility’s electricity demand, and could save about 450,000 L of heavy oil per year for heat generation. To circumvent nitrogen shortage, the addition of a co-substrate such as dry manure seems advisable.","PeriodicalId":12379,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"58 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10050260
Adnan Asad Karim, Mª Lourdes Martínez-Cartas, Manuel Cuevas-Aranda
Hansenula polymorpha is a non-conventional and thermo-tolerant yeast that is well-known for its use in the industrial production of recombinant proteins. However, research to evaluate this yeast’s potential for the high-temperature fermentation of sugar to produce alcohols for biofuel applications is limited. The present work investigated a wild-type H. polymorpha strain (DSM 70277) for the production of ethanol at a temperature of 40 °C under limited oxygen presence by using a batch fermentation reactor. Fermentation experiments were performed using three types of sugar (glucose, fructose, xylose) as substrates with two initial inoculum concentrations (1.1 g·L−1 and 5.0 g·L−1). The maximum specific growth rates of H. polymorpha yeast were 0.121–0.159 h−1 for fructose, 0.140–0.175 h−1 for glucose, and 0.003–0.009 h−1 for xylose. The biomass volumetric productivity was 0.270–0.473 g·L−1h−1 (fructose), 0.185–0.483 g·L−1h−1 (glucose), and 0.001–0.069 g·L−1h−1 (xylose). The overall yield of ethanol from glucose (0.470 g·g−1) was higher than that from fructose (0.434 g·g−1) and xylose (0.071 g·g−1). The H. polymorpha yeast exhibited different behavior and efficacy regarding the use of glucose, fructose, and xylose as substrates for producing ethanol. The present knowledge could be applied to improve the fermentation process for valorization of waste biomass to produce bioethanol.
{"title":"Fermentation of Sugar by Thermotolerant Hansenula polymorpha Yeast for Ethanol Production","authors":"Adnan Asad Karim, Mª Lourdes Martínez-Cartas, Manuel Cuevas-Aranda","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10050260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10050260","url":null,"abstract":"Hansenula polymorpha is a non-conventional and thermo-tolerant yeast that is well-known for its use in the industrial production of recombinant proteins. However, research to evaluate this yeast’s potential for the high-temperature fermentation of sugar to produce alcohols for biofuel applications is limited. The present work investigated a wild-type H. polymorpha strain (DSM 70277) for the production of ethanol at a temperature of 40 °C under limited oxygen presence by using a batch fermentation reactor. Fermentation experiments were performed using three types of sugar (glucose, fructose, xylose) as substrates with two initial inoculum concentrations (1.1 g·L−1 and 5.0 g·L−1). The maximum specific growth rates of H. polymorpha yeast were 0.121–0.159 h−1 for fructose, 0.140–0.175 h−1 for glucose, and 0.003–0.009 h−1 for xylose. The biomass volumetric productivity was 0.270–0.473 g·L−1h−1 (fructose), 0.185–0.483 g·L−1h−1 (glucose), and 0.001–0.069 g·L−1h−1 (xylose). The overall yield of ethanol from glucose (0.470 g·g−1) was higher than that from fructose (0.434 g·g−1) and xylose (0.071 g·g−1). The H. polymorpha yeast exhibited different behavior and efficacy regarding the use of glucose, fructose, and xylose as substrates for producing ethanol. The present knowledge could be applied to improve the fermentation process for valorization of waste biomass to produce bioethanol.","PeriodicalId":12379,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140967555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10050258
Anastasiia Maksimenko, Leonid Belyi, A. Podvolotskaya, O. Son, L. Tekutyeva
The global increase in population has placed significant pressure on food security, leading to the emergence of aquaculture as a vital source of aquatic foods. However, rising costs and limited fish meal availability in aquafeeds have driven the search for alternative protein sources. While plant-based ingredients have been integrated into commercial aquafeeds, they come with challenges such as low protein content, palatability issues, and the presence of antinutritional factors. In this context, fish silage, made from fish waste and discarded fish, stands out as a promising alternative technology due to its cost-effectiveness and sustainability attributes. The production of fish silage involves the addition of organic/inorganic acids or lactic acid bacteria to homogenized fish waste, yielding a valuable mixture rich in peptides and free amino acids, offering significant nutritional benefits for animal diets. This review aims to promote sustainable practices in the aquaculture industry by analyzing research results related to ensiling technology, appraising the advantages and disadvantages of using fish silage as a feed ingredient, and focusing on emerging trends in this field.
{"title":"Exploring Sustainable Aquafeed Alternatives with a Specific Focus on the Ensilaging Technology of Fish Waste","authors":"Anastasiia Maksimenko, Leonid Belyi, A. Podvolotskaya, O. Son, L. Tekutyeva","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10050258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10050258","url":null,"abstract":"The global increase in population has placed significant pressure on food security, leading to the emergence of aquaculture as a vital source of aquatic foods. However, rising costs and limited fish meal availability in aquafeeds have driven the search for alternative protein sources. While plant-based ingredients have been integrated into commercial aquafeeds, they come with challenges such as low protein content, palatability issues, and the presence of antinutritional factors. In this context, fish silage, made from fish waste and discarded fish, stands out as a promising alternative technology due to its cost-effectiveness and sustainability attributes. The production of fish silage involves the addition of organic/inorganic acids or lactic acid bacteria to homogenized fish waste, yielding a valuable mixture rich in peptides and free amino acids, offering significant nutritional benefits for animal diets. This review aims to promote sustainable practices in the aquaculture industry by analyzing research results related to ensiling technology, appraising the advantages and disadvantages of using fish silage as a feed ingredient, and focusing on emerging trends in this field.","PeriodicalId":12379,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"136 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10050259
J. Ivanova, T. Toshkova-Yotova, R. Toshkova, Veronika R. Deleva, A. Georgieva, Liliana G. Gigova
Porphyridium aerugineum is a unicellular freshwater red microalga that synthesizes and secretes into the culture medium an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). In this study, algal growth and polysaccharide production, as well as the antioxidant capacity and antitumor effect of Porphyridium aerugineum EPS (PaEPS), were investigated. Cultivation of the microalgae was carried out in a photobioreactor under controlled conditions. Algal growth and the amount of EPS were monitored daily. The accumulated polysaccharide was extracted and lyophilized. At the end of cultivation, the concentration of microalgal biomass and PaEPS reached 3.3 and 1.2 g L−1, respectively. To examine the antioxidant capacity of PaEPS, FRAP and ABTS assays were performed. The cytotoxic activity of PaEPS was evaluated on the tumor cell lines MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma) and on BJ (a non-tumor human skin fibroblast cell line), using MTT assay. The results obtained indicated that P. aerugineum polysaccharide exhibited a high ABTS radical-scavenging activity reaching up to 55%. The cytotoxic effect was best expressed in MCF-7 cells treated for 72 h with 1000 µg/mL PaEPS, where tumor cell proliferation was inhibited by more than 70%. Importantly, the PaEPS treatments did not significantly affect the viability of BJ cells. These findings promote the biotechnological production of P. aerugineum extracellular polysaccharide and reveal its potential as an anticancer and antioxidant agent for future applications.
{"title":"Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Extracellular Polysaccharide from Porphyridium aerugineum (Rhodophyta)","authors":"J. Ivanova, T. Toshkova-Yotova, R. Toshkova, Veronika R. Deleva, A. Georgieva, Liliana G. Gigova","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10050259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10050259","url":null,"abstract":"Porphyridium aerugineum is a unicellular freshwater red microalga that synthesizes and secretes into the culture medium an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). In this study, algal growth and polysaccharide production, as well as the antioxidant capacity and antitumor effect of Porphyridium aerugineum EPS (PaEPS), were investigated. Cultivation of the microalgae was carried out in a photobioreactor under controlled conditions. Algal growth and the amount of EPS were monitored daily. The accumulated polysaccharide was extracted and lyophilized. At the end of cultivation, the concentration of microalgal biomass and PaEPS reached 3.3 and 1.2 g L−1, respectively. To examine the antioxidant capacity of PaEPS, FRAP and ABTS assays were performed. The cytotoxic activity of PaEPS was evaluated on the tumor cell lines MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma) and on BJ (a non-tumor human skin fibroblast cell line), using MTT assay. The results obtained indicated that P. aerugineum polysaccharide exhibited a high ABTS radical-scavenging activity reaching up to 55%. The cytotoxic effect was best expressed in MCF-7 cells treated for 72 h with 1000 µg/mL PaEPS, where tumor cell proliferation was inhibited by more than 70%. Importantly, the PaEPS treatments did not significantly affect the viability of BJ cells. These findings promote the biotechnological production of P. aerugineum extracellular polysaccharide and reveal its potential as an anticancer and antioxidant agent for future applications.","PeriodicalId":12379,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"124 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10050257
T. Karmainski, M. K. Lipa, Sonja Kubicki, Amina Bouchenafa, S. Thies, Karl-Erich Jaeger, Lars M. Blank, T. Tiso
Biosurfactants are much-discussed alternatives to petro- and oleochemical surfactants. Alcanivorax borkumensis, a marine, Gram-negative γ-proteobacterium, produces a glycine-glucolipid biosurfactant from hydrocarbons, pyruvate, and acetate as carbon sources. Sustainable acetate production from lignocellulose or syngas adds to its relevance for the bioeconomy. This study investigated nitrogen sources and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (C/N) to optimize fed-batch fermentation for biosurfactant production using A. borkumensis with acetate as the carbon source. Urea enabled high biosurfactant production, which was confirmed in DO-based fed-batch fermentation. Varying C/N ratios led to increased glycine-glucolipid production and decreased biomass production, with improvement plateauing at a C/N ratio of 26.7 Cmol Nmol−1. pH-stat fed-batch fermentation using glacial acetic acid as the carbon source and a pH-adjusting agent doubled the biosurfactant production. Finally, bubble-free membrane aeration was used to prevent extensive foam formation observed during conventional bubble aeration. The efficient production made it possible to investigate the bioactivity of glycine-glucolipid in combination with antibiotics against various microorganisms. Our findings allow for the leverage of glycine-glucolipid biosurfactant production using acetate as a carbon source.
{"title":"Optimized Feeding Strategies for Biosurfactant Production from Acetate by Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2","authors":"T. Karmainski, M. K. Lipa, Sonja Kubicki, Amina Bouchenafa, S. Thies, Karl-Erich Jaeger, Lars M. Blank, T. Tiso","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10050257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10050257","url":null,"abstract":"Biosurfactants are much-discussed alternatives to petro- and oleochemical surfactants. Alcanivorax borkumensis, a marine, Gram-negative γ-proteobacterium, produces a glycine-glucolipid biosurfactant from hydrocarbons, pyruvate, and acetate as carbon sources. Sustainable acetate production from lignocellulose or syngas adds to its relevance for the bioeconomy. This study investigated nitrogen sources and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (C/N) to optimize fed-batch fermentation for biosurfactant production using A. borkumensis with acetate as the carbon source. Urea enabled high biosurfactant production, which was confirmed in DO-based fed-batch fermentation. Varying C/N ratios led to increased glycine-glucolipid production and decreased biomass production, with improvement plateauing at a C/N ratio of 26.7 Cmol Nmol−1. pH-stat fed-batch fermentation using glacial acetic acid as the carbon source and a pH-adjusting agent doubled the biosurfactant production. Finally, bubble-free membrane aeration was used to prevent extensive foam formation observed during conventional bubble aeration. The efficient production made it possible to investigate the bioactivity of glycine-glucolipid in combination with antibiotics against various microorganisms. Our findings allow for the leverage of glycine-glucolipid biosurfactant production using acetate as a carbon source.","PeriodicalId":12379,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"31 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10050256
Cândida R. M. de Barros, L. Ferreira, Irene Fraga, José Luís Mourão, M. Rodrigues
Jatropha seed cake (JSC) derived from Jatropha curcas seeds is a by-product of biodiesel production and, due to its high protein content, has been considered as a potential animal feed ingredient. However, the presence of toxic compounds such as phorbol esters and other anti-nutritional factors limits its use in animal feeding. Several detoxification approaches have been used to tackle these constraints and this review aims to summarize the recent advances in JSC treatment aiming to enhance its potential as an animal feedstuff. The review first provides an overview of the structure and composition of phorbol esters and other anti-nutritional compounds, discussing its toxic effects on different animal species. It then explores several detoxification methodologies giving special emphasis to its effects on the nutritional composition of JSC and on the use of the treated substrate as a feed ingredient in fish, poultry, pigs, and ruminants, highlighting their growth performance, nutrient utilization, and animal health issues. Overall, the review concludes that these treatments hold great potential for the detoxification and utilization of JSC as an animal feed ingredient. However, further research is needed to optimize the treatment conditions, evaluate the economic feasibility, and assess the long-term effects of treated JSC on animal health and product quality.
{"title":"Detoxification Methods of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake and Its Potential Utilization as Animal Feed","authors":"Cândida R. M. de Barros, L. Ferreira, Irene Fraga, José Luís Mourão, M. Rodrigues","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10050256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10050256","url":null,"abstract":"Jatropha seed cake (JSC) derived from Jatropha curcas seeds is a by-product of biodiesel production and, due to its high protein content, has been considered as a potential animal feed ingredient. However, the presence of toxic compounds such as phorbol esters and other anti-nutritional factors limits its use in animal feeding. Several detoxification approaches have been used to tackle these constraints and this review aims to summarize the recent advances in JSC treatment aiming to enhance its potential as an animal feedstuff. The review first provides an overview of the structure and composition of phorbol esters and other anti-nutritional compounds, discussing its toxic effects on different animal species. It then explores several detoxification methodologies giving special emphasis to its effects on the nutritional composition of JSC and on the use of the treated substrate as a feed ingredient in fish, poultry, pigs, and ruminants, highlighting their growth performance, nutrient utilization, and animal health issues. Overall, the review concludes that these treatments hold great potential for the detoxification and utilization of JSC as an animal feed ingredient. However, further research is needed to optimize the treatment conditions, evaluate the economic feasibility, and assess the long-term effects of treated JSC on animal health and product quality.","PeriodicalId":12379,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10050255
Matheus M. Pereira, Ivus Lorenzo Oliveira Matos, Filipe Moreira Mascarenhas Cordeiro, Ana Cristina Morais da Silva, Eliane Bezerra Cavalcanti, Á. S. Lima
This work aimed to improve the oxygen transfer mass coefficient (kLa) in mixing reactors, first evaluating the effect of agitation and aeration and then evaluating the influence of the size and concentration of silica microparticles. Silicon dioxide synthesized via the sol-gel technique, commercial sand, and beach sand were characterized by particle size distribution, scanning electron microscopy, XRD, EDS, FTIR, TG/DTA, and BET. The particles presented average values of approximately 9.2, 76.9, 165.1, and 364.4 µm, with irregular surfaces and different roughness. Silica sol-gel is amorphous while beach and commercial sand have a crystalline structure consisting of silicon, oxygen, and carbon residues. Silica sol-gel presents a higher loss of mass and surface area than other silica microparticles, with a shallow mass loss and a smaller surface. Increasing aeration and agitation improves the kLa, as well as adding silica microparticles. The best kLa was found using silica microparticles with approximately 75 µm concentrations of 1.0 g L−1 (silica sol-gel) and 2.0 g L−1 (commercial and treated beach sand). All silica microparticles used in this work improve mass transfer performance in mixing bioreactors.
这项研究旨在提高混合反应器中的氧传递质量系数（kLa），首先评估了搅拌和曝气的效果，然后评估了二氧化硅微粒的大小和浓度的影响。通过粒度分布、扫描电子显微镜、XRD、EDS、FTIR、TG/DTA 和 BET 对溶胶凝胶技术合成的二氧化硅、商用砂和海滩砂进行了表征。颗粒的平均值约为 9.2、76.9、165.1 和 364.4 微米，表面不规则，粗糙度也各不相同。二氧化硅溶胶凝胶是无定形的，而海滩砂和商用砂则具有由硅、氧和碳残留物组成的晶体结构。与其他二氧化硅微粒相比，二氧化硅溶胶凝胶的质量损失和表面积更大，质量损失更小，表面积更小。增加通气和搅拌以及添加二氧化硅微粒都能改善 kLa。使用浓度为 1.0 g L-1 （二氧化硅溶胶-凝胶）和 2.0 g L-1 （商用砂和处理过的海滩砂）的二氧化硅微粒时，kLa 值最佳，浓度约为 75 µm。这项工作中使用的所有二氧化硅微粒都能改善混合生物反应器的传质性能。
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Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10050253
Ofélia Anjos, Carlos A L Antunes, Sheila Oliveira-Alves, S. Canas, I. Caldeira
There is a trend towards the commercialisation of strawberry tree fruit spirit (AUS) with wood ageing, motivated by its favourable sensory characteristics. Additionally, further studies are necessary to elucidate the optimal conditions regarding ageing time and toasting level. This study evaluated the changes in colour and low molecular weight compounds (LMWC) of AUS aged for three and six months using oak wood (Quercus robur L.) with light, medium and medium plus toasting levels. For this purpose, phenolic acids (gallic, ellagic, ferulic and syringic acids), phenolic aldehydes (vanillin, syringaldehyde, coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde) and furanic aldehydes (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-methylfurfural) were quantified using the HPLC method. Chromatic characteristics, colour sensory analysis and total polyphenol index were also analysed. Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) was used to discriminate between samples. The results emphasized the favourable effect of oak wood contact on enhancing the colour and enriching AUS with low molecular weight compounds (LMWC). AUS aged in medium toasted wood exhibits high levels of total phenolic index, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, sum LMWC and chromatic characteristics b* and C. Concentrations of syringaldehyde, ellagic acid, vanillin and syringic acid and a lighter colour (a* chromaticity coordinates) are higher in AUS aged with slightly more toasted wood. Nearly all analysed parameters showed an increase with ageing time. The FT-NIR technique allowed for the differentiation of aged AUS, focusing more on ageing time than on toasting level.
由于草莓果酒（AUS）具有良好的感官特性，因此其木质陈酿已成为一种商业化趋势。此外，有必要开展进一步研究，以阐明陈酿时间和烘烤程度的最佳条件。本研究评估了使用橡木（栎木）陈酿 3 个月和 6 个月的 AUS 的颜色和低分子量化合物（LMWC）的变化，烘烤程度分为轻度、中度和中度加度。为此，采用高效液相色谱法对酚酸（没食子酸、鞣花酸、阿魏酸和丁香酸）、酚醛（香兰素、丁香醛、针叶醛和山奈醛）和呋喃醛（糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛和 5-甲基糠醛）进行了定量。此外，还分析了色度特征、色觉分析和总多酚指数。傅立叶变换近红外光谱（FT-NIR）用于区分不同的样品。结果表明，橡木接触对提高 AUS 的色泽和富含低分子量化合物（LMWC）具有有利影响。在中度烘烤木材中陈酿的 AUS 表现出较高的总酚指数、5-羟甲基糠醛、糠醛、针叶醛、山奈醛、低分子量化合物总和以及色度特征 b* 和 C；在烘烤程度稍高的木材中陈酿的 AUS 表现出较高的丁香醛、鞣花酸、香兰素和丁香酸浓度以及较浅的颜色（色度坐标 a*）。几乎所有分析参数都随着陈化时间的延长而增加。傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术可以对陈年澳大利亚坚果进行区分，重点是陈年时间而不是烘烤程度。
{"title":"Characterisation of Low Molecular Weight Compounds of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Fruit Spirit Aged with Oak Wood","authors":"Ofélia Anjos, Carlos A L Antunes, Sheila Oliveira-Alves, S. Canas, I. Caldeira","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10050253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10050253","url":null,"abstract":"There is a trend towards the commercialisation of strawberry tree fruit spirit (AUS) with wood ageing, motivated by its favourable sensory characteristics. Additionally, further studies are necessary to elucidate the optimal conditions regarding ageing time and toasting level. This study evaluated the changes in colour and low molecular weight compounds (LMWC) of AUS aged for three and six months using oak wood (Quercus robur L.) with light, medium and medium plus toasting levels. For this purpose, phenolic acids (gallic, ellagic, ferulic and syringic acids), phenolic aldehydes (vanillin, syringaldehyde, coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde) and furanic aldehydes (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-methylfurfural) were quantified using the HPLC method. Chromatic characteristics, colour sensory analysis and total polyphenol index were also analysed. Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) was used to discriminate between samples. The results emphasized the favourable effect of oak wood contact on enhancing the colour and enriching AUS with low molecular weight compounds (LMWC). AUS aged in medium toasted wood exhibits high levels of total phenolic index, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, sum LMWC and chromatic characteristics b* and C. Concentrations of syringaldehyde, ellagic acid, vanillin and syringic acid and a lighter colour (a* chromaticity coordinates) are higher in AUS aged with slightly more toasted wood. Nearly all analysed parameters showed an increase with ageing time. The FT-NIR technique allowed for the differentiation of aged AUS, focusing more on ageing time than on toasting level.","PeriodicalId":12379,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"117 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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