The successful interaction between concrete and steel has inspired researchers to develop composite structural systems. Steel and concrete are utilized in various configurations to reduce construction costs and assure optimal load-response behavior. Since the response spectrum of the composite system varies from one system to another, adequate understanding of the composite system behavior is essential to guarantee a desired response. Several parameters affect the flexural capacity and failure mode of a composite section, such as geometry, material properties and bond. In practice, advanced material mechanics and numerical modeling can be utilized for simulating section response, however, variability in the material response hinders accurate prediction. To serve as a benchmark and facilitate optimal composite section design, this paper presents a thorough experimental investigation of four types of composite beams under flexural loading. The first type represents reinforced concrete T-shaped beams confined by structural steel members. The second system comprises steel tubes filled with concrete. The third type consists of an open web steel joist encased in reinforced concrete. The fourth system represents rectangular shaped RC beams strengthened by steel plates. The results confirm the diversity of behavior of composite sections and reveal significant enhancement in the failure mode and flexural behavior as compared to control non-composite sections.
{"title":"FLEXURAL TESTING OF VARIOUS COMPOSITE-BEAMSUNDER QUASI-STATIC LOADS","authors":"Wael Slika, A. Masri, O. Baalbaki","doi":"10.54729/2959-331x.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2959-331x.1004","url":null,"abstract":"The successful interaction between concrete and steel has inspired researchers to develop composite structural systems. Steel and concrete are utilized in various configurations to reduce construction costs and assure optimal load-response behavior. Since the response spectrum of the composite system varies from one system to another, adequate understanding of the composite system behavior is essential to guarantee a desired response. Several parameters affect the flexural capacity and failure mode of a composite section, such as geometry, material properties and bond. In practice, advanced material mechanics and numerical modeling can be utilized for simulating section response, however, variability in the material response hinders accurate prediction. To serve as a benchmark and facilitate optimal composite section design, this paper presents a thorough experimental investigation of four types of composite beams under flexural loading. The first type represents reinforced concrete T-shaped beams confined by structural steel members. The second system comprises steel tubes filled with concrete. The third type consists of an open web steel joist encased in reinforced concrete. The fourth system represents rectangular shaped RC beams strengthened by steel plates. The results confirm the diversity of behavior of composite sections and reveal significant enhancement in the failure mode and flexural behavior as compared to control non-composite sections.","PeriodicalId":124185,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Science and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124945710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A REVIEW ON THE USE OF VEGETABLE OIL AND ITS WASTE IN CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS","authors":"A. Chamaa, J. Khatib, A. Elkordi","doi":"10.54729/2959-331x.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2959-331x.1005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124185,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Science and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123458299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TRANSITION METALS MN,FE AND ZN DOPED NIO NANOPARTICLES","authors":"A. Khalaf, J. A. Boukhari, Lidea Zeidan","doi":"10.54729/2959-331x.1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2959-331x.1011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124185,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Science and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122065623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In any construction project, a large number of modifications occur. The consequences of those modifications may result in additional costs due to the re-design of the project on each member of the project’s stakeholders. The financial impact of modifications during the construction phase of a project on consultant offices will be explored in this study. The aim of this study is to investigate the cost of the modifications and to examine the type of relationship between the time spent on the design to accomplish the modifications and the amount of money earned in the return of the extra work done. As a wrong estimation of the additional cost may lead to an atrocious financial impact on the office and dramatic consequences. Professional interview method was used to collect data from four different Lebanese consultant offices. Eleven projects were selected in this study. These projects were categorized into three different groups based on the initial cost of the structural design. A regression model that can be used to forecast the cost of extra work for modifications based on the initial design cost was derived in this study. The outcome of this study will simplify the forecasting of cost of any modification in construction projects.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF DESIGN CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE COST CHARGED BY CONSULTANT OFFICES","authors":"Hadi Abou Chakra","doi":"10.54729/2959-331x.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2959-331x.1003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In any construction project, a large number of modifications occur. The consequences of those modifications may result in additional costs due to the re-design of the project on each member of the project’s stakeholders. The financial impact of modifications during the construction phase of a project on consultant offices will be explored in this study. The aim of this study is to investigate the cost of the modifications and to examine the type of relationship between the time spent on the design to accomplish the modifications and the amount of money earned in the return of the extra work done. As a wrong estimation of the additional cost may lead to an atrocious financial impact on the office and dramatic consequences. Professional interview method was used to collect data from four different Lebanese consultant offices. Eleven projects were selected in this study. These projects were categorized into three different groups based on the initial cost of the structural design. A regression model that can be used to forecast the cost of extra work for modifications based on the initial design cost was derived in this study. The outcome of this study will simplify the forecasting of cost of any modification in construction projects.","PeriodicalId":124185,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Science and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129706545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ROTARY OSCILLATION OF A RIGID SPHERE IN A COUPLE STRESS FLUID","authors":"Tarek H. Shehadeh, E. Ashmawy","doi":"10.54729/2959-331x.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2959-331x.1009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124185,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Science and Technology","volume":"602 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123204007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ON THE PRODUCT OF TWO HYPOEXPONENTIAL RANDOM VARIABLES","authors":"T. Kadri, K. Smaili, S. Kadry, Ali El-Joubbeh","doi":"10.54729/2959-331x.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2959-331x.1008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124185,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Science and Technology","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132436402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autonomous vehicle (AV) is one of the emerging technologies that have far-reaching applications and implications in smart cities. Among the current challenges of the Smart City, Traffic management is of utmost importance. AV technologies can decrease transportation cost and can be used for efficient management and control of traffic flows. Traffic management strongly depends on the road surface condition. Abnormalities in the road, such as manholes and potholes, can cause accidents when not identified by the drivers. Furthermore, human-induced abnormalities, such as speed bumps, could also cause accidents. Detecting road abnormalities provide safety to human and vehicles. Current researches on speed bump detection are based on using sensors, accelerometer and GPS. This makes them vulnerable to GPS error, network overload, delay and battery draining. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel method for speed bump detection that combines both image and signal processing techniques. The advantage of the proposed approach consists in detecting speed bumps accurately without using any special sensors, hardware, Smartphone and GPS.
{"title":"SPEED BUMP DETECTION FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES USING SIGNAL-PROCESSING TECHNIQUES","authors":"M. Darwiche, Wassim El-Hajj-Chehade","doi":"10.54729/2959-331x.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2959-331x.1006","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous vehicle (AV) is one of the emerging technologies that have far-reaching applications and implications in smart cities. Among the current challenges of the Smart City, Traffic management is of utmost importance. AV technologies can decrease transportation cost and can be used for efficient management and control of traffic flows. Traffic management strongly depends on the road surface condition. Abnormalities in the road, such as manholes and potholes, can cause accidents when not identified by the drivers. Furthermore, human-induced abnormalities, such as speed bumps, could also cause accidents. Detecting road abnormalities provide safety to human and vehicles. Current researches on speed bump detection are based on using sensors, accelerometer and GPS. This makes them vulnerable to GPS error, network overload, delay and battery draining. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel method for speed bump detection that combines both image and signal processing techniques. The advantage of the proposed approach consists in detecting speed bumps accurately without using any special sensors, hardware, Smartphone and GPS.","PeriodicalId":124185,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122251300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Successful petroleum drilling largely depends on the type and quality of mud used in the process. There exist many types of muds, which differ in use and composition. Certain muds are composed of materials that can cause damage to the formation and the bottom-hole. This has resulted in the search for alternatives mud additives or addition of new materials to minimize the damage of the formation and enhance the stability of the wellbore. Several bodies of literature exist that research different sources of mud functions and additives, also their effect on the drilling process, the production zone and the environment. Density is one of the main properties of drilling mud because it is the responsible in controlling the formations pressure. So, many weighting agents exist to increase the density of drilling mud. Barite (BaSO4) has a specific gravity of 4.2–4.5 and hardness 2.5-3.5. It has been the most common weight material used in drilling fluids, it is preferred to other weighting materials because of its low cost and high purity but its main disadvantage that its composed of large amount of insoluble acid which damage the formation due to the invasion of the solids into the production zone. A new weighting agent that can be used instead of barite would be a new innovation in the oil field. Siderite (FeCO3) is a weighting material which has a specific gravity of 3.9 and a hardness of 3.5 and makes the mud weighted up to 20 lb/ gal. It is specified by a high acid solubility which didn’t cause damage to the formation compared to barite. So, it can be used as an alternative weighting material in both oil and water muds due to its high specific gravity and high acid solubility.
{"title":"SIDERITE AS A WEIGHTING MATERIAL IN DRILLING MUD","authors":"Khaled Abou Alfa, Rami Harkouss, J. Khatib","doi":"10.54729/2959-331x.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2959-331x.1002","url":null,"abstract":"Successful petroleum drilling largely depends on the type and quality of mud used in the process. There exist many types of muds, which differ in use and composition. Certain muds are composed of materials that can cause damage to the formation and the bottom-hole. This has resulted in the search for alternatives mud additives or addition of new materials to minimize the damage of the formation and enhance the stability of the wellbore. Several bodies of literature exist that research different sources of mud functions and additives, also their effect on the drilling process, the production zone and the environment. Density is one of the main properties of drilling mud because it is the responsible in controlling the formations pressure. So, many weighting agents exist to increase the density of drilling mud. Barite (BaSO4) has a specific gravity of 4.2–4.5 and hardness 2.5-3.5. It has been the most common weight material used in drilling fluids, it is preferred to other weighting materials because of its low cost and high purity but its main disadvantage that its composed of large amount of insoluble acid which damage the formation due to the invasion of the solids into the production zone. A new weighting agent that can be used instead of barite would be a new innovation in the oil field. Siderite (FeCO3) is a weighting material which has a specific gravity of 3.9 and a hardness of 3.5 and makes the mud weighted up to 20 lb/ gal. It is specified by a high acid solubility which didn’t cause damage to the formation compared to barite. So, it can be used as an alternative weighting material in both oil and water muds due to its high specific gravity and high acid solubility.","PeriodicalId":124185,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128595474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nayera S. Mohammed, S. Mahmoud, Weleed Abdeen, M. Hasebbo
Abstract Ceramic superconducting samples of type (nano-Ag)xCu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3O10- δ , 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 3.0 wt.%, were successfully synthesized via single step solid-state reaction technique at 850 ºC and under ambient pressure. The samples were characterized by XRD and SEM. Obtained data revealed that the highest grains connectivity volume fraction was detected for the sample with x = 0.15 wt.%. The electrical properties of the prepared samples was examined using the electrical resistivity measurements, and the results proved that the highest superconducting transition temperature Tc was observed at x = 0.15 wt.%. Furthermore, the fluctuation conductivity Δσ (T), above Tc, was analyzed as a function of reduced temperature, t=(T-T_c^mf)/(T_c^mf ), using Aslamazov and Larkin (AL) theory and its modified form given by Lawrence-Doniach (LD) model. Excess conductivity analysis showed crossover between two dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) with decreasing temperature for all samples. The highest crossover temperature T2D-3D was observed for x = 1.5 wt.%, which showed the smallest coherence length along c-axis ξ (0), Fermi velocity vF, Fermi energy EF and interlayer coupling ν in these samples.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF NANO-AG ADDITION ON PHASE FORMATION AND EXCESS CONDUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF (CU0.5TL0.5)-1223 SUPERCONDUCTING PHASE","authors":"Nayera S. Mohammed, S. Mahmoud, Weleed Abdeen, M. Hasebbo","doi":"10.54729/2959-331x.1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2959-331x.1007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ceramic superconducting samples of type (nano-Ag)xCu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3O10- δ , 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 3.0 wt.%, were successfully synthesized via single step solid-state reaction technique at 850 ºC and under ambient pressure. The samples were characterized by XRD and SEM. Obtained data revealed that the highest grains connectivity volume fraction was detected for the sample with x = 0.15 wt.%. The electrical properties of the prepared samples was examined using the electrical resistivity measurements, and the results proved that the highest superconducting transition temperature Tc was observed at x = 0.15 wt.%. Furthermore, the fluctuation conductivity Δσ (T), above Tc, was analyzed as a function of reduced temperature, t=(T-T_c^mf)/(T_c^mf ), using Aslamazov and Larkin (AL) theory and its modified form given by Lawrence-Doniach (LD) model. Excess conductivity analysis showed crossover between two dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) with decreasing temperature for all samples. The highest crossover temperature T2D-3D was observed for x = 1.5 wt.%, which showed the smallest coherence length along c-axis ξ (0), Fermi velocity vF, Fermi energy EF and interlayer coupling ν in these samples.","PeriodicalId":124185,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133070968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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