Mengxiao Wu, Jian Huang, T. Su, Zhekun Zhou, Yaowu Xing
Two new fossil taxa of the ash tree, namely F. zlatkoi Meng-Xiao Wu et J.Huang sp. nov. and Fraxinus cf. honshuensis Tanai et Onoe were reported from the early Oligocene of the Lühe flora, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The fruit traits were used to assign the proposed species to the genus Fraxinus. These traits were a flattened and symmetrical shape, a single seed located in the base of the fruit and veins parallel to the long axis of each fruit. The new species have low length to width ratio and an obovate seed. Our fossils represent the oldest records of Fraxinus in the low latitude region of the Northern Hemisphere. These fossils provide evidence that Section Dipetalae and Section Ornus had appeared in Southwest China by the early Oligocene.
本文报道了两个新的白蜡树化石分类群，即F. zlatkoi Meng-Xiao Wu et J.Huang sp. 11和Fraxinus cf. honshuensis Tanai et Onoe，分别来自云南l河植物区系早渐新世。利用果实性状将该物种归为黄曲霉属。这些特征是扁平和对称的形状，单个种子位于果实的基部，脉平行于每个果实的长轴。新种长宽比低，种子倒卵形。我们的化石代表了北半球低纬度地区最古老的腊克斯龙记录。这些化石提供了早渐新世在西南地区出现双瓣门和兽角门的证据。
{"title":"Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) fruits from the early Oligocene of Southwest China and their biogeographic implications","authors":"Mengxiao Wu, Jian Huang, T. Su, Zhekun Zhou, Yaowu Xing","doi":"10.37520/fi.2021.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2021.021","url":null,"abstract":"Two new fossil taxa of the ash tree, namely F. zlatkoi Meng-Xiao Wu et J.Huang sp. nov. and Fraxinus cf. honshuensis Tanai et Onoe were reported from the early Oligocene of the Lühe flora, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The fruit traits were used to assign the proposed species to the genus Fraxinus. These traits were a flattened and symmetrical shape, a single seed located in the base of the fruit and veins parallel to the long axis of each fruit. The new species have low length to width ratio and an obovate seed. Our fossils represent the oldest records of Fraxinus in the low latitude region of the Northern Hemisphere. These fossils provide evidence that Section Dipetalae and Section Ornus had appeared in Southwest China by the early Oligocene.","PeriodicalId":12431,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Imprint","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69921618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kovar-Eder, Z. Kvaček, V. Teodoridis, P. Mazouch, M. Collinson
The late Early/early Middle Miocene flora from Parschlug (Styria, Austria) is famous for its numerous specimens and high diversity. Some taxa previously described are revised here and 42 new angiosperm leaf morphotypes/taxa are described. The Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP) is applied to assess the palaeoclimate. An update of the tool to assess the most suitable modern climate CLAMP calibration dataset is introduced. The Integrated Plant Record (IPR) vegetation analysis, assessing the most likely major vegetation type represented by a fossil flora, and similarity approaches Drudges 1 and 2, indicating the most similar modern vegetation proxies, had been previously applied to data from Parschlug. Both are again applied here on the enlarged floristic spectrum. The results indicate “sclerophyllous subhumid forest” as the most likely major zonal vegetation type for Parschlug and European vegetation, namely “Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests”, distributed today in southern and southeastern Europe, as the most similar modern vegetation. The climate for Parschlug, inferred from CLAMP and the climate in the region of the modern vegetation proxies, indicates distinct seasonality in precipitation and temperature.
{"title":"Flora, vegetation and climate assessment of the Early/Middle Miocene Parschlug flora indicates a distinctly seasonal climate","authors":"J. Kovar-Eder, Z. Kvaček, V. Teodoridis, P. Mazouch, M. Collinson","doi":"10.37520/fi.2022.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.005","url":null,"abstract":"The late Early/early Middle Miocene flora from Parschlug (Styria, Austria) is famous for its numerous specimens and high diversity. Some taxa previously described are revised here and 42 new angiosperm leaf morphotypes/taxa are described. The Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP) is applied to assess the palaeoclimate. An update of the tool to assess the most suitable modern climate CLAMP calibration dataset is introduced. The Integrated Plant Record (IPR) vegetation analysis, assessing the most likely major vegetation type represented by a fossil flora, and similarity approaches Drudges 1 and 2, indicating the most similar modern vegetation proxies, had been previously applied to data from Parschlug. Both are again applied here on the enlarged floristic spectrum. The results indicate “sclerophyllous subhumid forest” as the most likely major zonal vegetation type for Parschlug and European vegetation, namely “Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests”, distributed today in southern and southeastern Europe, as the most similar modern vegetation. The climate for Parschlug, inferred from CLAMP and the climate in the region of the modern vegetation proxies, indicates distinct seasonality in precipitation and temperature.","PeriodicalId":12431,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Imprint","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69921724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New genus and species Taimyria triassica Naugolnykh et Mogutcheva gen. et sp. nov. of peltaspermalean affinity is described on the basis of material collected from the Keshinskian Formation (Induan stage, Lower Triassic), outcropped in the Tsvetkov Cape section (eastern part of the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia). This new plant is characterized by both macromorphological and some microstructural features. Taimyria triassica has long racemose aggregations (cones or megastrobili) consisting of an axis with peltate seed-bearing discs (which also can be interpreted as seed-bearing semi-closed capsules), with margins curved adaxially. The seed-bearing discs are round to ovoid, with short stalk connected at central area of the adaxial part, and attached to the cone axis nearly perpendicularly, in a dense spiral pattern. Six to eight seeds are concentrically displayed around the stalk on the adaxial surface of the discs. The seeds preserved in seed-bearing discs were extracted from macerated reproductive organs and described as well. The seeds are platyspermic, ovoid, narrower at their apical micropylar end orientated toward the disc stipe. Problems of systematics and general evolutionary trends of the order Peltaspermales are briefly discussed.
根据俄罗斯西伯利亚泰米尔半岛东部Tsvetkov角剖面的Keshinskian组(Induan期，下三叠统)资料，描述了具有peltaspermalean亲缘关系的新属、新种Taimyria triassica Naugolnykh et Mogutcheva gen. et sp. 11。该新植物具有宏观形态和一些微观结构特征。triassica Taimyria具有长总状聚集体(球果或巨胆状)，由一个轴与盆状种子盘(也可以解释为种子半封闭的蒴果)组成，边缘正面弯曲。蒴果圆形至卵圆形，短柄在近轴部的中部相连，近垂直地贴着圆锥轴，呈密集的螺旋状。六至八粒种子在花盘正面围绕茎部同心排列。从浸渍过的生殖器官中提取保存在种子盘中的种子，并对其进行了描述。种子为平生精子，卵球形，在其顶端微孔端向花梗方向狭窄。本文简要地讨论了peltaspermale目的系统学问题和一般进化趋势。
{"title":"Taimyria gen. nov., a new genus of evolutionary advanced gymnosperms from Triassic of the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia","authors":"S. Naugolnykh, N. K. Mogutcheva","doi":"10.37520/fi.2022.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.018","url":null,"abstract":"New genus and species Taimyria triassica Naugolnykh et Mogutcheva gen. et sp. nov. of peltaspermalean affinity is described on the basis of material collected from the Keshinskian Formation (Induan stage, Lower Triassic), outcropped in the Tsvetkov Cape section (eastern part of the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia). This new plant is characterized by both macromorphological and some microstructural features. Taimyria triassica has long racemose aggregations (cones or megastrobili) consisting of an axis with peltate seed-bearing discs (which also can be interpreted as seed-bearing semi-closed capsules), with margins curved adaxially. The seed-bearing discs are round to ovoid, with short stalk connected at central area of the adaxial part, and attached to the cone axis nearly perpendicularly, in a dense spiral pattern. Six to eight seeds are concentrically displayed around the stalk on the adaxial surface of the discs. The seeds preserved in seed-bearing discs were extracted from macerated reproductive organs and described as well. The seeds are platyspermic, ovoid, narrower at their apical micropylar end orientated toward the disc stipe. Problems of systematics and general evolutionary trends of the order Peltaspermales are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":12431,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Imprint","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69922429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zamites pateri J.Kvaček is described as a new member of the Bennettitales from the Cenomanian of the Peruc-Korycany Formation, Bohemian Cretaceous Basin in the Czech Republic. It comes from fluvial sediments exposed in the Pecínov quarry. It is compared to Zamites bayeri J.Kvaček from the Peruc-Korycany Formation, from which it differs in having pinnae attached to the dorsal part of the rachis and in cuticular details, particularly in having costal zones narrower than intercostal zones, stomata orientated always perpendicularly to the leaf margins and a thinner adaxial cuticle. Epidermal characters, particularly sunken stomata and numerous papillae underpin the mesophytic/xerophytic nature of the plant fossil.
{"title":"New species of Zamites from the Cenomanian of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin","authors":"J. Kvaček","doi":"10.37520/fi.2022.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.017","url":null,"abstract":"Zamites pateri J.Kvaček is described as a new member of the Bennettitales from the Cenomanian of the Peruc-Korycany Formation, Bohemian Cretaceous Basin in the Czech Republic. It comes from fluvial sediments exposed in the Pecínov quarry. It is compared to Zamites bayeri J.Kvaček from the Peruc-Korycany Formation, from which it differs in having pinnae attached to the dorsal part of the rachis and in cuticular details, particularly in having costal zones narrower than intercostal zones, stomata orientated always perpendicularly to the leaf margins and a thinner adaxial cuticle. Epidermal characters, particularly sunken stomata and numerous papillae underpin the mesophytic/xerophytic nature of the plant fossil.","PeriodicalId":12431,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Imprint","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69922420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During field surveys between 2005 and 2011 in the Tugen Hills by the Franco-Kenyan Kenya Palaeontology Expedition, several hominid specimens were discovered in the Pliocene Mabaget Formation. One mandible fragment, three isolated teeth and a pedal phalanx collected from the Pelion Member (base of the formation aged 5.0–4.5 Ma) are compatible in dimensions with Orrorin tugenensis and Ardipithecus ramidus whilst a mandible from the Sinibo Member, a younger level in the formation (ca. 3.4–3.0 Ma) represents an appreciably larger species, as big as, or bigger than, Praeanthropus afarensis (ex-Australopithecus afarensis) from locality AL 333, Ethiopia. The small hominid mandible and an isolated p/3 were found in the type section of the Mabaget Formation at localities 2/211 and 2/210 respectively, in deposits aged ca. 5.0–4.5 Ma. An isolated upper milk molar, a lower third molar and a pedal phalanx are from Sagatia, near Rondinin, also aged between 5.0 and 4.5 Ma. The large mandible was collected at Sinibo, near Kipcherere, from sediments above the local occurrence of the Tulu Bor Tuff (= Sidi Hakoma Tuff) which is dated at 3.446 Ma. The aim of this paper is to describe and interpret these hominid fossils and to place them within their geological, stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental contexts.
{"title":"New Pliocene hominid fossils from Baringo County, Kenya","authors":"M. Pickford, B. Senut, D. Gommery, Joseph Kipkech","doi":"10.37520/fi.2022.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.020","url":null,"abstract":"During field surveys between 2005 and 2011 in the Tugen Hills by the Franco-Kenyan Kenya Palaeontology Expedition, several hominid specimens were discovered in the Pliocene Mabaget Formation. One mandible fragment, three isolated teeth and a pedal phalanx collected from the Pelion Member (base of the formation aged 5.0–4.5 Ma) are compatible in dimensions with Orrorin tugenensis and Ardipithecus ramidus whilst a mandible from the Sinibo Member, a younger level in the formation (ca. 3.4–3.0 Ma) represents an appreciably larger species, as big as, or bigger than, Praeanthropus afarensis (ex-Australopithecus afarensis) from locality AL 333, Ethiopia. The small hominid mandible and an isolated p/3 were found in the type section of the Mabaget Formation at localities 2/211 and 2/210 respectively, in deposits aged ca. 5.0–4.5 Ma. An isolated upper milk molar, a lower third molar and a pedal phalanx are from Sagatia, near Rondinin, also aged between 5.0 and 4.5 Ma. The large mandible was collected at Sinibo, near Kipcherere, from sediments above the local occurrence of the Tulu Bor Tuff (= Sidi Hakoma Tuff) which is dated at 3.446 Ma. The aim of this paper is to describe and interpret these hominid fossils and to place them within their geological, stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental contexts.","PeriodicalId":12431,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Imprint","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69922555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cuticular analysis has long been used by palaeobotanists for the identification of fossil leaves, and a variety of chemical procedures has been developed to extract and prepare fossil cuticles. However, even commonly used solutions may be too harsh for the preparation of extremely delicate cuticles. Here we offer a step-by-step protocol for the preparation of fragile conifer cuticles using sodium hypochlorite, otherwise known as household bleach. Conifer needles from the Miocene lignites of the Adendorf and Hambach open-mine pits in western Germany were prepared using a mild solution of this oxidizing agent. The cuticles had proven to be too fragile for most maceration chemicals, including Schulze’s reagent, which even disintegrated the cuticles that were given a protective coating. However, it was discovered that trimming the leaf margins and damaged areas prior to a short exposure to 5–10% sodium hypochlorite solution resulted in the good preparation of the cuticle. Furthermore, this modified method allowed for the preparation of large areas of leaf. While this procedure may not be suitable for all cuticles, it is offered here as an easy and gentle method for preparing extremely delicate conifer cuticles that are destroyed by other chemicals and protocols.
{"title":"A modified, step-by-step procedure for the gentle bleaching of delicate fossil leaf cuticles","authors":"Mariah M. Howell, R. Gossmann, C. T. Gee","doi":"10.37520/fi.2022.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.019","url":null,"abstract":"Cuticular analysis has long been used by palaeobotanists for the identification of fossil leaves, and a variety of chemical procedures has been developed to extract and prepare fossil cuticles. However, even commonly used solutions may be too harsh for the preparation of extremely delicate cuticles. Here we offer a step-by-step protocol for the preparation of fragile conifer cuticles using sodium hypochlorite, otherwise known as household bleach. Conifer needles from the Miocene lignites of the Adendorf and Hambach open-mine pits in western Germany were prepared using a mild solution of this oxidizing agent. The cuticles had proven to be too fragile for most maceration chemicals, including Schulze’s reagent, which even disintegrated the cuticles that were given a protective coating. However, it was discovered that trimming the leaf margins and damaged areas prior to a short exposure to 5–10% sodium hypochlorite solution resulted in the good preparation of the cuticle. Furthermore, this modified method allowed for the preparation of large areas of leaf. While this procedure may not be suitable for all cuticles, it is offered here as an easy and gentle method for preparing extremely delicate conifer cuticles that are destroyed by other chemicals and protocols.","PeriodicalId":12431,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Imprint","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69922509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The freshwater diatomite deposits from Saint-Bauzile in the Ardèche (France) represent a first-class Fossil-Lagerstätte of late Miocene, i.e., Tortonian age. A large variety of different animals (i.e., insects, fishes, and mammals) and macro-plants as well as palynomorphs and lacustrine diatoms are known from this locality, in generally excellent preservation. This contribution presents preliminary results on charred plant remains, i.e., charred fern and grass remains, as well as partly charred wood of taxodioid cupressacean affinity, as evidence for the occurrence of wildfire(s) during deposition of the lower part of the diatomite sequence. Previously published volcanological and sedimentological evidence for the interpretation of Lake Saint-Bauzile as a maar is reviewed, re-interpreted, and discussed in combination with new observations.
{"title":"Evidence for wildfires during deposition of the late Miocene diatomites of the Konservat- Lagerstätte Lake Saint-Bauzile (Ardèche, France) – preliminary results","authors":"D. Uhl, A. Jasper, M. Wuttke","doi":"10.37520/fi.2022.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.014","url":null,"abstract":"The freshwater diatomite deposits from Saint-Bauzile in the Ardèche (France) represent a first-class Fossil-Lagerstätte of late Miocene, i.e., Tortonian age. A large variety of different animals (i.e., insects, fishes, and mammals) and macro-plants as well as palynomorphs and lacustrine diatoms are known from this locality, in generally excellent preservation. This contribution presents preliminary results on charred plant remains, i.e., charred fern and grass remains, as well as partly charred wood of taxodioid cupressacean affinity, as evidence for the occurrence of wildfire(s) during deposition of the lower part of the diatomite sequence. Previously published volcanological and sedimentological evidence for the interpretation of Lake Saint-Bauzile as a maar is reviewed, re-interpreted, and discussed in combination with new observations.","PeriodicalId":12431,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Imprint","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69922646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New material of fish fossils from the west part of Most Basin is described here. Disarticulated and articulated fish remains were discovered in several layers in the Holešice and Libkovice members. Fossil fish occurrence, their taxonomic structure and taphonomy were evaluated in the context of the sediments. The data indicate that conditions in the lake, which formed when the coal swamp was flooded, were variable. Most of the time, the water was well oxygenated; occasionally the oxygen saturation was reduced to hypoxia and even anoxia. Conditions subsequently changed, and the lake became well oxygenated. Especially in the Libkovice Member, the fish-containing layers appear to be characterized by relatively quick sedimentation.
{"title":"New ichthyofauna from the Holešice and Libkovice members in the western part of Most Basin (Early Miocene), the Czech Republic","authors":"B. Ekrt, T. Novotný, T. Přikryl","doi":"10.37520/fi.2022.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.023","url":null,"abstract":"New material of fish fossils from the west part of Most Basin is described here. Disarticulated and articulated fish remains were discovered in several layers in the Holešice and Libkovice members. Fossil fish occurrence, their taxonomic structure and taphonomy were evaluated in the context of the sediments. The data indicate that conditions in the lake, which formed when the coal swamp was flooded, were variable. Most of the time, the water was well oxygenated; occasionally the oxygen saturation was reduced to hypoxia and even anoxia. Conditions subsequently changed, and the lake became well oxygenated. Especially in the Libkovice Member, the fish-containing layers appear to be characterized by relatively quick sedimentation.","PeriodicalId":12431,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Imprint","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69922701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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