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Editorial: Breakthroughs in tumor stem cell research. 社论:肿瘤干细胞研究的突破。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1492867
Ming-Chuan Hsu
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Lipid alterations in cancer development, resistance and recurrence. 社论:癌症发展、抗药性和复发中的脂质改变。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1493626
F Pagliari, S Di Franco, L Tirinato
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引用次数: 0
Regulation of p53 by the mitotic surveillance/stopwatch pathway: implications in neurodevelopment and cancer. 有丝分裂监控/停表途径对 p53 的调控:对神经发育和癌症的影响。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1451274
Travis H Stracker

The transcription factor p53 (encoded by TP53) plays diverse roles in human development and disease. While best known for its role in tumor suppression, p53 signaling also influences mammalian development by triggering cell fate decisions in response to a wide variety of stresses. After over 4 decades of study, a new pathway that triggers p53 activation in response to mitotic delays was recently identified. Termed the mitotic surveillance or mitotic stopwatch pathway, the USP28 and 53BP1 proteins activate p53 in response to delayed mitotic progression to control cell fate and promote genomic stability. In this Minireview, I discuss its identification, potential roles in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer, as well as explore outstanding questions about its function, regulation and potential use as a biomarker for anti-mitotic therapies.

转录因子 p53(由 TP53 编码)在人类发育和疾病中发挥着多种作用。虽然 p53 信号在抑制肿瘤方面的作用最为人熟知,但它还能在各种压力下触发细胞命运决定,从而影响哺乳动物的发育。经过 40 多年的研究,最近发现了一种新的途径,它能触发 p53 激活以应对有丝分裂延迟。USP28 和 53BP1 蛋白被称为有丝分裂监控或有丝分裂秒表途径,它们会激活 p53 以应对有丝分裂进程的延迟,从而控制细胞命运并促进基因组稳定性。在本微型访谈中,我将讨论它的鉴定、在神经发育障碍和癌症中的潜在作用,并探讨有关它的功能、调控和作为抗有丝分裂疗法生物标记物的潜在用途等悬而未决的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Cytokinetic contractile ring structural progression in an early embryo: positioning of scaffolding proteins, recruitment of α-actinin, and effects of myosin II inhibition. 早期胚胎中细胞运动收缩环结构的发展:支架蛋白的定位、α-肌动蛋白的招募以及肌球蛋白 II 抑制的影响。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1483345
John H Henson, Gabriela Reyes, Nina T Lo, Karina Herrera, Quenelle W McKim, Hannah Y Herzon, Maritriny Galvez-Ceron, Alexandra E Hershey, Rachael S Kim, Charles B Shuster

Our knowledge of the assembly and dynamics of the cytokinetic contractile ring (CR) in animal cells remains incomplete. We have previously used super-resolution light microscopy and platinum replica electron microscopy to elucidate the ultrastructural organization of the CR in first division sea urchin embryos. To date, our studies indicate that the CR initiates as an equatorial band of clusters containing myosin II, actin, septin and anillin, which then congress over time into patches which coalesce into a linear array characteristic of mature CRs. In the present study, we applied super-resolution interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy to confirm the existence of septin filament-like structures in the developing CR, demonstrate the close associations between septin2, anillin, and myosin II in the CR, as well as to show that septin2 appears consistently submembranous, whereas anillin is more widely distributed in the early CR. We also provide evidence that the major actin cross-linking protein α-actinin only associates with the linearized, late-stage CR and not with the early CR clusters, providing further support to the idea that α-actinin associates with actomyosin structures under tension and can serve as a counterbalance. In addition, we show that inhibition of actomyosin contraction does not stop the assembly of the early CR clusters but does arrest the progression of these structures to the aligned arrays required for functional cytokinesis. Taken together our results reinforce and extend our model for a cluster to patch to linear structural progression of the CR in sea urchin embryos and highlight the evolutionary relationships with cytokinesis in fission yeast.

我们对动物细胞中细胞运动收缩环(CR)的组装和动力学的了解仍然不全面。我们以前曾使用超分辨率光学显微镜和铂复制电子显微镜来阐明第一次分裂海胆胚胎中 CR 的超微结构组织。迄今为止,我们的研究表明,CR 最初是由包含肌球蛋白 II、肌动蛋白、 septin 和 anillin 的簇组成的赤道带,然后随着时间的推移逐渐形成斑块,最后凝聚成成熟 CR 所特有的线性阵列。在本研究中,我们应用超分辨率干涉光电激活定位显微镜证实了发育中的CR中存在septin丝状结构,证明了CR中septin2、anillin和肌球蛋白II之间的密切联系,并表明septin2始终处于膜下,而anillin在早期CR中分布更广。我们还提供证据表明,主要肌动蛋白交联蛋白α-actinin只与线性化的晚期CR结合,而不与早期CR簇结合,这进一步支持了α-actinin在张力作用下与肌动蛋白结构结合并起到平衡作用的观点。此外,我们还发现,抑制肌动蛋白收缩并不能阻止早期 CR 簇的组装,但却能阻止这些结构向功能性细胞运动所需的排列阵列发展。总之,我们的研究结果加强并扩展了我们的模型,即海胆胚胎中 CR 的集群到线性结构进展的修补,并突出了与裂殖酵母细胞分裂的进化关系。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular mechanisms of polarized transport to the apical plasma membrane. 向顶端质膜极化运输的分子机制。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1477173
Masataka Kunii, Akihiro Harada

Cell polarity is essential for cellular function. Directional transport within a cell is called polarized transport, and it plays an important role in cell polarity. In this review, we will introduce the molecular mechanisms of polarized transport, particularly apical transport, and its physiological importance.

细胞极性对细胞功能至关重要。细胞内的定向运输称为极化运输,它在细胞极性中发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中,我们将介绍极化运输(尤其是顶端运输)的分子机制及其生理重要性。
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引用次数: 0
A pig model exploring the postnatal hair follicle cycle. 探索出生后毛囊周期的猪模型。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1361485
Shujuan Li, Quan Zou, Yao Jiang, Yi Wang, Xiangdong Ding

Introduction: The hair follicle (HF) is a micro-organ capable of regeneration. A HF cycle consists of an anagen, catagen and telogen. Abnormalities in the HF cycle can lead to many hair disorders such as hair loss. The pig is a good biomedical model, but there are few data on their HF cycle. The aim of this study was to classify the pig HF cycle and determine the feasibility of the pig as an animal model for human HF cycle.

Methods: Skin samples from 10 different postnatal (P) days Yorkshire pigs was collected to determine the key time points of the first HF cycle in pig by H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining, q-PCR and western-blot.

Results: By morphological observation and detection of markers at different stages, pig HF cycle was classified into three main periods - the first anagen until P45, catagen (P45-P85), telogen (P85-P100), and next anagen (>P100). In addition, we examined the expression of important genes AE15, CD34, Versican, Ki67 et al. related to the HF cycle at different stages of pig HF, indicating that pig and human share similarities in morphology and marker gene expression patterns of HF cycle.

Discussion: Our findings will facilitate the study of HF cycle and offer researchers a suitable model for human hair research.

简介毛囊(HF)是一种能够再生的微生物。毛囊周期包括生长期、衰退期和休止期。毛囊周期的异常可导致多种毛发疾病,如脱发。猪是一种很好的生物医学模型,但有关其高频周期的数据却很少。本研究的目的是对猪的高频周期进行分类,并确定猪作为人类高频周期动物模型的可行性:方法:收集约克夏猪出生后 10 天内的皮肤样本,通过 H&E 染色、免疫荧光染色、q-PCR 和 Western-blot 确定猪高频周期的关键时间点:结果:通过形态学观察和不同阶段标记物的检测,猪高频周期被划分为三个主要时期--P45之前的第一个生长期、衰老期(P45-P85)、休止期(P85-P100)和下一个生长期(>P100)。此外,我们还检测了与猪高频周期相关的重要基因 AE15、CD34、Versican、Ki67 等在猪高频不同阶段的表达情况,表明猪和人在高频周期的形态和标记基因表达模式上具有相似性:我们的研究结果将有助于对高频周期的研究,并为研究人员提供一个适合人类毛发研究的模型。
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引用次数: 0
Dysregulation of lysine acetylation in the pathogenesis of digestive tract cancers and its clinical applications. 赖氨酸乙酰化在消化道癌症发病机制中的失调及其临床应用。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1447939
Penghui Li, Yuan Xue

Recent advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics have improved our understanding of lysine acetylation in proteins, including histones and non-histone proteins. Lysine acetylation, a reversible post-translational modification, is catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs). Proteins comprising evolutionarily conserved bromodomains (BRDs) recognize these acetylated lysine residues and consequently activate transcription. Lysine acetylation regulates almost all cellular processes, including transcription, cell cycle progression, and metabolic functions. Studies have reported the aberrant expression, translocation, and mutation of genes encoding lysine acetylation regulators in various cancers, including digestive tract cancers. These dysregulated lysine acetylation regulators contribute to the pathogenesis of digestive system cancers by modulating the expression and activity of cancer-related genes or pathways. Several inhibitors targeting KATs, KDACs, and BRDs are currently in preclinical trials and have demonstrated anti-cancer effects. Digestive tract cancers, including encompass esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers, represent a group of heterogeneous malignancies. However, these cancers are typically diagnosed at an advanced stage owing to the lack of early symptoms and are consequently associated with poor 5-year survival rates. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers for early detection, as well as to accurately predict the clinical outcomes and identify effective therapeutic targets for these malignancies. Although the role of lysine acetylation in digestive tract cancers remains unclear, further analysis could improve our understanding of its role in the pathogenesis of digestive tract cancers. This review aims to summarize the implications and pathogenic mechanisms of lysine acetylation dysregulation in digestive tract cancers, as well as its potential clinical applications.

基于高分辨率质谱的蛋白质组学的最新进展增进了我们对蛋白质(包括组蛋白和非组蛋白)中赖氨酸乙酰化的了解。赖氨酸乙酰化是一种可逆的翻译后修饰,由赖氨酸乙酰转移酶(KATs)和赖氨酸去乙酰化酶(KDACs)催化。由进化上保守的溴域(BRD)组成的蛋白质能识别这些乙酰化的赖氨酸残基,从而激活转录。赖氨酸乙酰化调节几乎所有细胞过程,包括转录、细胞周期进展和代谢功能。有研究报告称,在各种癌症(包括消化道癌症)中,编码赖氨酸乙酰化调节因子的基因存在异常表达、易位和突变。这些失调的赖氨酸乙酰化调节因子通过调节癌症相关基因或通路的表达和活性,促进了消化系统癌症的发病机制。目前有几种针对 KAT、KDAC 和 BRD 的抑制剂正处于临床前试验阶段,并已显示出抗癌效果。消化道癌症包括食管癌、胃癌、结肠直肠癌、肝癌和胰腺癌,是一组异质性恶性肿瘤。然而,由于缺乏早期症状,这些癌症通常在晚期才被诊断出来,因此 5 年生存率很低。因此,人们迫切需要鉴定新型生物标志物,以用于早期检测,并准确预测临床结果和鉴定这些恶性肿瘤的有效治疗靶点。尽管赖氨酸乙酰化在消化道癌症中的作用仍不明确,但进一步的分析可提高我们对赖氨酸乙酰化在消化道癌症发病机制中作用的认识。本综述旨在总结赖氨酸乙酰化失调在消化道癌症中的影响、致病机制及其潜在的临床应用。
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引用次数: 0
Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in gynecological cancers. 妇科癌症中的铜稳态和铜中毒。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1459183
Xiaodi Huang, Mengyi Lian, Changzhong Li

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element involved in a variety of biological processes, such as antioxidant defense, mitochondrial respiration, and bio-compound synthesis. In recent years, a novel theory called cuproptosis has emerged to explain how Cu induces programmed cell death. Cu targets lipoylated enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and subsequently triggers the oligomerization of lipoylated dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase, leading to the loss of Fe-S clusters and induction of heat shock protein 70. Gynecological malignancies including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma significantly impact women's quality of life and even pose a threat to their lives. Excessive Cu can promote cancer progression by enhancing tumor growth, proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis through multiple signaling pathways. However, there are few studies investigating gynecological cancers in relation to cuproptosis. Therefore, this review discusses Cu homeostasis and cuproptosis while exploring the potential use of cuproptosis for prognosis prediction as well as its implications in the progression and treatment of gynecological cancers. Additionally, we explore the application of Cu ionophore therapy in treating gynecological malignancies.

铜(Cu)是一种重要的微量元素,参与多种生物过程,如抗氧化防御、线粒体呼吸和生物化合物合成。近年来,一种名为 "杯突症"(cuproptosis)的新理论出现,用以解释铜如何诱导细胞程序性死亡。铜以三羧酸循环中的脂酰化酶为目标,随后引发脂酰化二氢脂酰胺 S-乙酰转移酶的寡聚化,导致 Fe-S 簇的丧失和热休克蛋白 70 的诱导。包括宫颈癌、卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌在内的妇科恶性肿瘤严重影响妇女的生活质量,甚至对她们的生命构成威胁。过量的 Cu 可通过多种信号通路促进肿瘤生长、增殖、血管生成和转移,从而促进癌症进展。然而,很少有研究调查妇科癌症与铜中毒的关系。因此,这篇综述讨论了铜稳态和铜突变,同时探讨了铜突变在预后预测中的潜在用途及其在妇科癌症进展和治疗中的意义。此外,我们还探讨了治疗妇科恶性肿瘤中Cu离子团疗法的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic interaction mapping of Aurora protein kinases in mouse oocytes. 小鼠卵母细胞中极光蛋白激酶的基因相互作用图谱。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1455280
Cecilia S Blengini, Karen Schindler

The Aurora Kinases (AURKs) are a family of serine-threonine protein kinases critical for cell division. Somatic cells express only AURKA and AURKB. However, mammalian germ cells and some cancer cells express all three isoforms. A major question in the field has been determining the molecular and cellular changes when cells express three instead of two aurora kinases. Using a systematic genetic approach involving different Aurora kinase oocyte-specific knockout combinations, we completed an oocyte-AURK genetic interaction map and show that one genomic copy of Aurka is necessary and sufficient to support female fertility and oocyte meiosis. We further confirm that AURKB and AURKC alone cannot compensate for AURKA. These results highlight the importance of AURKA in mouse oocytes, demonstrating that it is required for spindle formation and proper chromosome segregation. Surprisingly, a percentage of oocytes that lack AURKB can complete meiosis I, but the quality of those eggs is compromised, suggesting a role in AURKB to regulate spindle assembly checkpoint or control the cell cycle. Together with our previous studies, we wholly define the genetic interplay among the Aurora kinases and reinforce the importance of AURKA expression in oocyte meiosis.

极光激酶(AURKs)是丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶家族中对细胞分裂至关重要的一种。体细胞只表达 AURKA 和 AURKB。然而,哺乳动物生殖细胞和一些癌细胞则表达所有三种同工酶。该领域的一个主要问题是确定当细胞表达三种而不是两种极光激酶时分子和细胞的变化。我们采用了一种涉及不同极光激酶卵母细胞特异性基因敲除组合的系统遗传方法,完成了卵母细胞-极光激酶基因相互作用图谱,并表明一个极光激酶基因组拷贝对于支持雌性生育能力和卵母细胞减数分裂是必要且足够的。我们进一步证实,AURKB 和 AURKC 无法单独补偿 AURKA。这些结果突显了 AURKA 在小鼠卵母细胞中的重要性,证明它是纺锤体形成和染色体正常分离所必需的。令人惊讶的是,一部分缺乏AURKB的卵母细胞可以完成减数分裂I,但这些卵子的质量却受到了影响,这表明AURKB在调节纺锤体组装检查点或控制细胞周期方面发挥作用。结合之前的研究,我们完全确定了极光激酶之间的遗传相互作用,并强化了AURKA表达在卵母细胞减数分裂中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Imaging and proteomics toolkits for studying organelle contact sites. 用于研究细胞器接触点的成像和蛋白质组学工具包。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1466915
Rico Gamuyao, Chi-Lun Chang

Organelle contact sites are regions where two heterologous membranes are juxtaposed by molecular tethering complexes. These contact sites are important in inter-organelle communication and cellular functional integration. However, visualizing these minute foci and identifying contact site proteomes have been challenging. In recent years, fluorescence-based methods have been developed to visualize the dynamic physical interaction of organelles while proximity labeling approaches facilitate the profiling of proteomes at contact sites. In this review, we explain the design principle for these contact site reporters: a dual-organelle interaction mechanism based on how endogenous tethers and/or tethering complexes localize to contact sites. We classify the contact site reporters into three categories: (i) single-protein systems, (ii) two-component systems with activated reporter signal upon organelle proximity, and (iii) reporters for contact site proteomes. We also highlight advanced imaging analysis with high temporal-spatial resolution and the use of machine-learning algorithms for detecting contact sites.

细胞器接触点是两个异源膜通过分子拴系复合物并置的区域。这些接触点对细胞器间的交流和细胞功能整合非常重要。然而,这些微小病灶的可视化和接触位点蛋白质组的鉴定一直是个难题。近年来,人们开发了基于荧光的方法来可视化细胞器的动态物理相互作用,而近距离标记方法则有助于分析接触点的蛋白质组。在这篇综述中,我们解释了这些接触位点报告物的设计原理:基于内源性系链和/或系链复合物如何定位到接触位点的双细胞器相互作用机制。我们将接触位点报告器分为三类:(i) 单蛋白系统;(ii) 在接近细胞器时激活报告信号的双组分系统;(iii) 接触位点蛋白质组报告器。我们还重点介绍了具有高时间-空间分辨率的先进成像分析以及用于检测接触点的机器学习算法。
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引用次数: 0
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