Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience最新文献

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of preoperative continuation vs. discontinuation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on early cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study was performed at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. Elderly patients aged 65 years or older, scheduled for elective noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia, and receiving long-term ACEI/ARBs therapy were randomly assigned to either continue or discontinue ACEI/ARBs therapy on the morning of surgery. The primary outcome was postoperative early cognitive function, assessed via neuropsychological tests including Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Huashan (AVLT-H), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Number Connection Test (NCT), and Digit Span Test (DST) preoperatively and on postoperative day 1 (POD1). Secondary outcomes included intraoperative hypotension, use of phenylephrine, intraoperative fluid administration, incidence of hypertension, and length of hospital stay.

Results: The NCT scores in the discontinued use of ACEI/ARBs group showed a significant decline on POD1 compared to baseline (p = 0.038). Both groups exhibited an increase in immediate recall scores from preoperative to POD1 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). The continued use of ACEI/ARBs group showed an increase in short-delayed recall (p = 0.007). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). The discontinued ACEI/ARB group had fewer episodes of intraoperative hypotension (p = 0.037) and lower requirements for phenylephrine (p = 0.016), despite a higher incidence of preoperative hypertension (p = 0.012). The continued use group received a larger volume of crystalloid fluids during surgery (p = 0.020). No significant differences were observed between the groups in the volume of colloid fluids administered (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative hypertension or length of hospital stay between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Preoperative continuation or discontinuation of ACEI/ARBs did not significantly affect early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients.

Introduction: As the proportion of older people has surged in the past 100 years, healthy aging has emerged as a crucial topic in neuroscience research. This study aimed to investigate the spectral power of EEG frequency bands during resting-state in older people with high and low cognitive reserve (CR).

Methods: To do so, 74 healthy older people (55-74 years old) were recruited and divided into two groups based on their level of CR: high CR (n = 41; 21 men and 20 women) and low CR (n = 33; 15 men and 18 women). Both groups participated in a cognitive assessment and 3 min of EEG recording under resting-state conditions with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). EEG power was analyzed across four frequency bands: delta (0.1- < 4 Hz), theta (4- < 8 Hz), alpha1 (8-10 Hz), alpha2 (10-12), and beta (14-30 Hz), focusing on five cortical regions of interest.

Results: Neuropsychological tests did not reveal significant differences between the two groups on most of the cognitive measures. However, the EEG analysis showed that individuals with high CR exhibited lower spectral power in the theta and delta frequency bands across different brain regions, compared to those with low CR.

Discussion: These findings suggest that individuals with high CR tend to function more efficiently, relying on fewer neural resources to sustain cognitive performance. In contrast, those with low CR may engage compensatory neural mechanisms, as indicated by increased spectral power while resting, conceivably reflecting the brain's effort to preserve cognitive function.

Objectives: Early-life inflammatory events like infections and injuries may predispose the brain to Alzheimer's disease (AD) by disrupting neurodevelopment and raising vulnerability. The association between early neuroinflammation and subsequent neurodegeneration leading to dementia remains unclear. We hypothesize that omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), positively regulate neuro-immune cells, preserving their cell membrane structure and metabolic homeostasis. Our study examined whether strategic delivery of n-3 FA via injectable n-3 triglycerides (TG) can influence microglial lipid metabolism to prevent or delay AD progression.

Methods and results: We characterized n-3 treatment effects on modulating lipid and metabolic homeostasis in microglia during the critical window of brain development. Our preliminary studies on determining the effects of early n-3 treatment on brain cell homeostasis indicate that perinatal bolus n-3 TG injections suppressed activation of gliosis-associated markers in young mice predisposed to AD (5xFAD) and yielded sustained regulatory effects on the expression of inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin-6 (Il6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfα), in adult brains. A significant increase in high-frequency ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) was observed in P6 5xFAD mice that received perinatal n-3 compared to vehicle control, implicating enhanced active communication patterns. Improvement in behavior deficits was observed in n-3-treated adult AD mice. Perinatal n-3 TG treatment modified brain lipid composition in young offspring, increasing key membrane lipid species, such as phospholipids (PL) and lysophospholipids (lysoPL). Pro-inflammatory sphingolipids associated with neurodegeneration, including lactosylceramide, were significantly lower in mice treated with n-3 than those in saline-treated AD mice.

Conclusion: Our study establishes a proof of principle for targeting brain immune cell metabolism with injectable n-3 TG to mitigate neuroinflammation in AD pathogenesis, paving the way for future research into early treatments for related central nervous system (CNS) disorders.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal degeneration. Emerging evidence implicates necroptosis in AD pathogenesis, driven by the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL pathway, which promotes neuronal damage, inflammation, and disease progression. Exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, can modulate key inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, HMGB1, and IL-1β, thereby inhibiting necroptotic signaling. Additionally, exercise enhances O-GlcNAc glycosylation, preventing Tau hyperphosphorylation and stabilizing neuronal integrity. This review explores how exercise mitigates necroptosis and neuroinflammation, offering novel therapeutic perspectives for AD prevention and management.

Background and aims: As the country with the largest and fastest-aging older population worldwide, China has hosted an increasing number of regional investigations into disability among older adults. However, the prevalence of disabilities related to physical function and cognition in southern China remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and associated factors for cognitive and physical function impairment in individuals aged 60 years and older.

Methods: For this population-based cross-sectional study, a total of 5,603 participants were recruited between June 2021 and December 2022 using a multistage, stratified, cluster sampling procedure. Instruments, including a general questionnaire, basic and instrumental activities of daily living, the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), were used to collect data through a WeChat mini program. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to explore the influencing factors.

Results: The prevalence of physical function and cognitive impairment among older adults was 37.3 and 31.0%, respectively. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that age, family income, education level, place of residence, medication type, annual physical examinations, weekly social activities, support from family or friends, hearing disorders, walking disorders, and depression were all associated with both physical function and cognitive impairment. Moreover, an increased risk of physical function impairment correlated with BMI, region, income source, smoking, and weekly exercise, while cognitive impairment was associated with the number of children, insurance type, coronary heart disease, and anxiety. Physical function (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.49-2.16) and cognitive impairment (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.51-2.21) were mutually influential in our study.

Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of various factors related to physical function and cognitive impairment. The results revealed that comprehensive and systematic prevention and control programs for disabilities should be developed to improve the quality of life for older adults.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, best known for its motor symptoms such as resting tremor, muscle rigidity, and bradykinesia. However, autonomic dysfunction is an important non-motor aspect that often brings considerable discomfort and distress to both patients and their families. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of autonomic dysfunction and explore its relationship with other clinical features. Our aim is to discover novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, alleviate patient suffering, and pave the way for future clinical and basic research.

Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Autonomic dysfunction, one of the non-motor symptoms, affects various systems such as the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, genitourinary, and thermoregulatory systems. Sexual dysfunction (SD), however, is a frequently neglected issue in Parkinson's patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SD, findings of autonomic dysfunction in other systems, and the severity of PD.

Methods: The study included 41 male and 35 female patients diagnosed with definitive idiopathic PD, with Hoehn and Yahr stages between 1 and 3, and without a diagnosis of diabetes or cognitive impairment. Demographic characteristics and disease duration of the patients were recorded. The following assessments were administered to the patients: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), SCOPA-AUT questionnaire (Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease Autonomic Dysfunction), short version of the QUIP (Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease), and ASEX (Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale).

Results: The patients were divided into two groups: those with SD (53.9%) and those without SD (46.1%). Patients with SD had significantly higher age, PD stage, total SCOPA-AUT scores, and subdomain scores related to the cardiovascular, urinary, and gastrointestinal systems compared to those without SD (p < 0.001). The prevalence of hypertension was also significantly higher in the SD group (p = 0.001). An increase in UPDRS scores and depression severity, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory, was associated with higher ASEX scores (p < 0.001). The frequency of impulse control disorder (ICD) was 6.5%; no significant differences were observed between patients with and without ICD in terms of equivalent levodopa dose or age (p = 0.58, p = 0.76).

Conclusion: Although the presence of sexual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and its negative impact on quality of life have been recognized for many years, it is often overlooked for various reasons. The significant relationship identified in our study between SD, the severity of autonomic dysfunction, and disease stage may raise awareness of the early recognition of SD in PD patients. This could help prevent the neglect of this important non-motor symptom in disease management.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are chronic and progressive conditions that significantly impact global public health. Recent years have highlighted exosomes as key mechanisms involved in these diseases. This study aims to visualize and analyze the structure and content of exosomes in NDs based on past research to identify new research ideas and directions. Through bibliometric analysis, we assess the current state of research on exosomes in the field of NDs worldwide over the past decade, highlighting significant findings, major research areas, and emerging trends.

Methods: Publications on exosomes in NDs research were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. Eligible literature was analyzed using Bibliometric R, VOSviewer, and Citespace.

Results: Between 2014 and 2023, 2,393 publications on exosomes in NDs were included in the analysis. The number of relevant publications has been increasing yearly, with China leading in international collaboration, followed by the United States. And China has the largest number of academic scholars as leading and corresponding authors in all the countries, known as the great research society and community. Notable institutions contributing to these publications include Nia, the University of San Francisco California, and Capital Medical University, which rank highly in both publication volume and citations. Dimitrios Kapogiannis is a pivotal figure in the author collaboration network, having produced the highest number of publications (Sato et al., 2011) and amassed 3,921 citations. The journal with the most published articles in this field is The International Journal of Molecular Sciences, which has published 131 articles and received 3,347 citations. A recent analysis of keyword clusters indicates that "Exosome-like liposomes," "Independent mechanisms," and "Therapeutic potential" are emerging research hotspots.

Conclusion: This is the first bibliometric study to provide a comprehensive summary of the research trends and developments regarding exosomes in NDs studies. Future research in this area may explore the role of mesenchymal stromal cells, microRNAs (miRNAs), and targeted drug delivery systems to further investigate the underlying mechanisms and develop new therapeutics.