Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1439573
Stephanie L. Renkers, Leah I. Bendell
We examined the ecological and toxicological implications of the microplastic, Cyanox®53, found in sediments and varnish clams across seven beaches in Burrard Inlet, British Columbia (BC). Using the simulation models embedded within Estimation Programs Interface (EPI) Suite™, the potential persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of Cyanox®53 was assessed to evaluate the risk to varnish clams foraging on sediment containing this contaminant. Moreover, we used a bioenergetic model, based on the blue-listed surf scoter species, to estimate the risk of daily ingestion of Cyanox®53 per body weight in overwintering seabirds. Our findings indicate that varnish clams collected from Burrard Inlet accumulate on average 0.46 particles of Cyanox®53/clam, and based on bioenergetic modeling, results in surf scoters potentially consuming 78 (for males) to 83 (for females) pieces of Cyanox®53 daily from foraged varnish clams. EPI Suite™ predicted Cyanox®53 to be persistent, however, unlikely to bioaccumulate as a “traditional” chemical. Furthermore, the estimation of potential acute and chronic toxicity of Cyanox®53 to aquatic organism surrogates, such as fish, Daphnia magna, and green algae, was inconclusive due to model variability and limitations within EPI Suite™. To fully understand the potential risks of Cyanox®53 further investigation is warranted.
{"title":"Investigating the ecological and toxicological significance of Cyanox®53 recovered from intertidal sediments and varnish clam","authors":"Stephanie L. Renkers, Leah I. Bendell","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1439573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1439573","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the ecological and toxicological implications of the microplastic, Cyanox<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>53, found in sediments and varnish clams across seven beaches in Burrard Inlet, British Columbia (BC). Using the simulation models embedded within Estimation Programs Interface (EPI) Suite™, the potential persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of Cyanox<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>53 was assessed to evaluate the risk to varnish clams foraging on sediment containing this contaminant. Moreover, we used a bioenergetic model, based on the blue-listed surf scoter species, to estimate the risk of daily ingestion of Cyanox<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>53 per body weight in overwintering seabirds. Our findings indicate that varnish clams collected from Burrard Inlet accumulate on average 0.46 particles of Cyanox<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>53/clam, and based on bioenergetic modeling, results in surf scoters potentially consuming 78 (for males) to 83 (for females) pieces of Cyanox<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>53 daily from foraged varnish clams. EPI Suite™ predicted Cyanox<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>53 to be persistent, however, unlikely to bioaccumulate as a “traditional” chemical. Furthermore, the estimation of potential acute and chronic toxicity of Cyanox<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>53 to aquatic organism surrogates, such as fish, <jats:italic>Daphnia magna</jats:italic>, and green algae, was inconclusive due to model variability and limitations within EPI Suite™. To fully understand the potential risks of Cyanox<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>53 further investigation is warranted.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1364568
Yihan Wu, Fucang Qin, Long Li, Xiaoyu Dong
IntroductionCreating an ecological space network is essential for safeguarding the core structure of ecological space.MethodsMorphological spatial pattern analysis was used to locate ecological sources in the Kuye River Basin. Using the least cumulative resistance model and gravity model, the resistance surface, ecological corridor, and ecological space management network are determined.Results and discussionThe study revealed that in 2022, the predominant land use types in the Kuye River Basin were wood land and grassland, cultivated land, and construction land. MSPA model software identifies a substantial portion of the landscape pattern as consisting of core and marginal areas, which encompass 30324.05 hm2 and 15088.24 hm2. High ecological resistance surface factors dominate the socioeconomically vibrant zone and northern regions. Resistance values ranging from 0.02 to 0.87, and high and law resistance zones alternate. The minimal cumulative resistance approach found 171 ecological corridors. And gravity model using the interaction matrix of 19 primary ecological sources discovered 8 first-level ecological corridors with the highest interaction force. There are 137 core and 23 subsidiary ecological corridors with significant affects. Overlying the road factors and ecological corridors of national highways, provincial roads, railways, and high-speed roads creates a total of 38 ecological breakpoints, each characterized by specific barrier effects and legal ecological stability.
{"title":"Construction and optimisation of watershed scale ecological network: a case study of kuye river basin","authors":"Yihan Wu, Fucang Qin, Long Li, Xiaoyu Dong","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1364568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1364568","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionCreating an ecological space network is essential for safeguarding the core structure of ecological space.MethodsMorphological spatial pattern analysis was used to locate ecological sources in the Kuye River Basin. Using the least cumulative resistance model and gravity model, the resistance surface, ecological corridor, and ecological space management network are determined.Results and discussionThe study revealed that in 2022, the predominant land use types in the Kuye River Basin were wood land and grassland, cultivated land, and construction land. MSPA model software identifies a substantial portion of the landscape pattern as consisting of core and marginal areas, which encompass 30324.05 hm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and 15088.24 hm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. High ecological resistance surface factors dominate the socioeconomically vibrant zone and northern regions. Resistance values ranging from 0.02 to 0.87, and high and law resistance zones alternate. The minimal cumulative resistance approach found 171 ecological corridors. And gravity model using the interaction matrix of 19 primary ecological sources discovered 8 first-level ecological corridors with the highest interaction force. There are 137 core and 23 subsidiary ecological corridors with significant affects. Overlying the road factors and ecological corridors of national highways, provincial roads, railways, and high-speed roads creates a total of 38 ecological breakpoints, each characterized by specific barrier effects and legal ecological stability.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As organic waste is converted to usable amendments via composting, there are large CO2 emissions associated with the decomposition of organic matter via microorganisms. While the active composting phase produces the largest emissions over a short duration, compost can often be stored during and after the maturation phase for much longer periods of time, increasing cumulative emissions. As such, the objectives of this study were to examine the spatial and temporal variability associated with in situ emissions sampling while identifying the environmental and chemical controls on emissions in windrow composting facilities during and after the maturation phase. A total of 665 flux measurements were taken from four windrows representing different ages and compositions between June and November 2020. Factorial analysis of covariance (ANOVA) was used to determine the variability between sampling locations, while multiple linear regression was used to identify those parameters which had the most influence on CO2 flux. Emissions showed significant variability over time that were attributed to ambient temperatures. During the summer, each windrow reached peak emissions between 5.0 and 32.3 g CO2 m-2 hr-1. As temperatures cooled, the windrows saw a 62%–86% decline in emissions, generally falling below 2 g CO2 m-2 hr-1. Significant differences occurred between the top-most sampling location and all others on the windrow, emitting between 33%–100% more CO2. The environmental controls of surface temperature, moisture content, and internal temperature showed the highest influence on emissions (R2 = 0.62). Chemical properties including organic nitrogen, carbon, pH, magnesium, and nitrate also showed significant influence (R2 = 0.43). This research has shown that environmental factors including temperature and moisture show the strongest influence over emission rates in mature compost. A significant negative effect of organic nitrogen on CO2 flux was found, indicating that increased presence of organic nitrogen would aid in the retention of carbon after the maturation phase, acting to lower total emissions.
{"title":"Characterization of carbon dioxide emissions from late stage windrow composting","authors":"Travis Pennell, Louis-Pierre Comeau, Kyle MacKinley, Sheldon Hann, Brandon Heung, Bob Kiely","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1453306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1453306","url":null,"abstract":"As organic waste is converted to usable amendments via composting, there are large CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions associated with the decomposition of organic matter via microorganisms. While the active composting phase produces the largest emissions over a short duration, compost can often be stored during and after the maturation phase for much longer periods of time, increasing cumulative emissions. As such, the objectives of this study were to examine the spatial and temporal variability associated with <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> emissions sampling while identifying the environmental and chemical controls on emissions in windrow composting facilities during and after the maturation phase. A total of 665 flux measurements were taken from four windrows representing different ages and compositions between June and November 2020. Factorial analysis of covariance (ANOVA) was used to determine the variability between sampling locations, while multiple linear regression was used to identify those parameters which had the most influence on CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flux. Emissions showed significant variability over time that were attributed to ambient temperatures. During the summer, each windrow reached peak emissions between 5.0 and 32.3 g CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> m-2 hr-1. As temperatures cooled, the windrows saw a 62%–86% decline in emissions, generally falling below 2 g CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> m-2 hr-1. Significant differences occurred between the top-most sampling location and all others on the windrow, emitting between 33%–100% more CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. The environmental controls of surface temperature, moisture content, and internal temperature showed the highest influence on emissions (R2 = 0.62). Chemical properties including organic nitrogen, carbon, pH, magnesium, and nitrate also showed significant influence (R2 = 0.43). This research has shown that environmental factors including temperature and moisture show the strongest influence over emission rates in mature compost. A significant negative effect of organic nitrogen on CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flux was found, indicating that increased presence of organic nitrogen would aid in the retention of carbon after the maturation phase, acting to lower total emissions.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1251315
Meghan Halabisky, Fang Yuan, Ghislain Adimou, Eloise Birchall, Edward Boamah, Chad Burton, Ee-Faye Chong, Lisa Hall, Cedric Jorand, Alex Leith, Adam Lewis, Bako Mamane, Fatou Mar, Negin Moghaddam, David Ongo, Lisa-Maria Rebelo
Spatially explicit, near real time information on surface water dynamics is critical for understanding changes in water resources, and for long-term water security planning. The distribution of surface water across the African continent since 1984 and updated as every new Landsat scene becomes available is presented here, and validated for the continent for the first time. We applied the Water Observations from Space (WOfS) algorithm, developed and well-tested in Australia, to every Landsat scene acquired over Africa since the mid 1980s to provide spatial information on surface water dynamics over the past 30+ years. We assessed the accuracy of WOfS using aerial and satellite imagery. Four regional geospatial organisations, coordinated through the Digital Earth Africa Product Development Task Team, conducted the validation campaign and provided both the regional expertise and experience required for a continental-scale validation effort. We assessed whether the point was wet, dry, or cloud covered, for each of the 12 months in 2018, resulting in 34,800 labelled observations. As waterbodies larger than 100 km2 are easy to identify with Landsat resolution data and can thus boost accuracy, these were masked out. The resulting overall accuracy of the water classification was 82%. WOfS in Africa is expected to be used by ministries and departments of agriculture and water across the continent, by international organisations, academia, and the private sector. A large-scale collaborative effort, which included regional and technical skills spanning two continents was required to create a service that is regionally accurate and is both hosted on, and implemented operationally from, the African continent.
{"title":"A dynamic surface water extent service for Africa developed through continental-scale collaboration","authors":"Meghan Halabisky, Fang Yuan, Ghislain Adimou, Eloise Birchall, Edward Boamah, Chad Burton, Ee-Faye Chong, Lisa Hall, Cedric Jorand, Alex Leith, Adam Lewis, Bako Mamane, Fatou Mar, Negin Moghaddam, David Ongo, Lisa-Maria Rebelo","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1251315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1251315","url":null,"abstract":"Spatially explicit, near real time information on surface water dynamics is critical for understanding changes in water resources, and for long-term water security planning. The distribution of surface water across the African continent since 1984 and updated as every new Landsat scene becomes available is presented here, and validated for the continent for the first time. We applied the Water Observations from Space (WOfS) algorithm, developed and well-tested in Australia, to every Landsat scene acquired over Africa since the mid 1980s to provide spatial information on surface water dynamics over the past 30+ years. We assessed the accuracy of WOfS using aerial and satellite imagery. Four regional geospatial organisations, coordinated through the Digital Earth Africa Product Development Task Team, conducted the validation campaign and provided both the regional expertise and experience required for a continental-scale validation effort. We assessed whether the point was wet, dry, or cloud covered, for each of the 12 months in 2018, resulting in 34,800 labelled observations. As waterbodies larger than 100 <jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">k</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math></jats:inline-formula> are easy to identify with Landsat resolution data and can thus boost accuracy, these were masked out. The resulting overall accuracy of the water classification was 82%. WOfS in Africa is expected to be used by ministries and departments of agriculture and water across the continent, by international organisations, academia, and the private sector. A large-scale collaborative effort, which included regional and technical skills spanning two continents was required to create a service that is regionally accurate and is both hosted on, and implemented operationally from, the African continent.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434147
Ye Tian, Wenting Jiang, Guoliang Chen, Xiukang Wang, Tingting Li
Arable soil and crop productivity are severely affected by salinization. Therefore, soil amendments are an important measure for improving saline-alkali soil for agricultural development. Desulfurized gypsum is a common soil amendment that has been used repeatedly alongside organic materials to improve the biological, physical, and chemical properties of saline soil. This study takes the typical saline-alkali farmland soil in Yulin as the research object, and five treatments were established: a blank treatment (CK), a single application 2.5 t ha−1 of desulfurized gypsum (T), 2.5 t ha−1 of desulfurized gypsum and 1.5 t ha−1 of green manure (TL), application 2.5 t ha−1 of desulfurized gypsum and 1.5 t ha−1 of straw (TS), and 2.5 t ha−1 of desulfurized gypsum and 1.5 t ha−1 of organic fertilizer (TV). The results show that the TV treatment achieved a significant improvement in soil nutrients, organic carbon, enzyme activity, and maize yield. In 2022 (2023), the compared of organic matter, TN, TP, TK, AP, and AK increased significantly compared with the CK treatment when the TV treatment was applied. Soil phosphatase activity (SPA), soil urease activity (SUA) and soil sucrase activity (SSA) significantly higher in the TV treatment compared with the other treatments and increased significantly over the two-year period. Furthermore, soil organic carbon (SOC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) also significantly increased with the 2022 and 2023 TV treatments. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between maize yield and soil nutrients, organic carbon, and enzyme activity (P < 0.05). Thus, the TV treatment was determined to be the optimal treatment for soil improvement. This conclusion was supported by analyses performed using membership function analysis, gray correlation analysis, and entropy TOPSIS model evaluation. Therefore, this method increases soil quality, improves soil fertility, achieves high maize yields, and provides a scientific basis for enhancing and utilizing saline-alkali soil in the Loess Plateau.
盐碱化严重影响耕地和作物产量。因此，土壤改良剂是改良盐碱土壤促进农业发展的重要措施。脱硫石膏是一种常见的土壤改良剂，与有机材料一起被反复用于改善盐碱地的生物、物理和化学性质。本研究以榆林典型的盐碱地土壤为研究对象，建立了五个处理：空白处理（CK）、单次施用 2.5 t ha-1 脱硫石膏处理（T）、2.5 吨/公顷的脱硫石膏和 1.5 吨/公顷的绿肥（TL），施用 2.5 吨/公顷的脱硫石膏和 1.5 吨/公顷的秸秆（TS），以及 2.5 吨/公顷的脱硫石膏和 1.5 吨/公顷的有机肥（TV）。结果表明，TV 处理显著改善了土壤养分、有机碳、酶活性和玉米产量。2022 年（2023 年），施用 TV 处理的土壤有机质、TN、TP、TK、AP 和 AK 与 CK 处理相比均有显著增加。与其他处理相比，TV 处理的土壤磷酸酶活性（SPA）、土壤脲酶活性（SUA）和土壤蔗糖酶活性（SSA）明显较高，并且在两年期间显著增加。此外，土壤有机碳 (SOC)、易氧化有机碳 (EOC)、溶解有机碳 (DOC) 和微生物生物量碳 (MBC) 也随着 2022 和 2023 TV 处理的增加而显著增加。相关分析表明，玉米产量与土壤养分、有机碳和酶活性之间存在正相关关系（P< 0.05）。因此，TV 处理被确定为土壤改良的最佳处理。利用成员函数分析、灰色关联分析和熵 TOPSIS 模型评估进行的分析也支持这一结论。因此，该方法可提高土壤质量，改善土壤肥力，实现玉米高产，为黄土高原盐碱地的改良和利用提供了科学依据。
{"title":"Gypsum and organic materials improved soil quality and crop production in saline-alkali on the loess plateau of China","authors":"Ye Tian, Wenting Jiang, Guoliang Chen, Xiukang Wang, Tingting Li","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434147","url":null,"abstract":"Arable soil and crop productivity are severely affected by salinization. Therefore, soil amendments are an important measure for improving saline-alkali soil for agricultural development. Desulfurized gypsum is a common soil amendment that has been used repeatedly alongside organic materials to improve the biological, physical, and chemical properties of saline soil. This study takes the typical saline-alkali farmland soil in Yulin as the research object, and five treatments were established: a blank treatment (CK), a single application 2.5 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> of desulfurized gypsum (T), 2.5 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> of desulfurized gypsum and 1.5 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> of green manure (TL), application 2.5 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> of desulfurized gypsum and 1.5 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> of straw (TS), and 2.5 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> of desulfurized gypsum and 1.5 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> of organic fertilizer (TV). The results show that the TV treatment achieved a significant improvement in soil nutrients, organic carbon, enzyme activity, and maize yield. In 2022 (2023), the compared of organic matter, TN, TP, TK, AP, and AK increased significantly compared with the CK treatment when the TV treatment was applied. Soil phosphatase activity (SPA), soil urease activity (SUA) and soil sucrase activity (SSA) significantly higher in the TV treatment compared with the other treatments and increased significantly over the two-year period. Furthermore, soil organic carbon (SOC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) also significantly increased with the 2022 and 2023 TV treatments. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between maize yield and soil nutrients, organic carbon, and enzyme activity (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Thus, the TV treatment was determined to be the optimal treatment for soil improvement. This conclusion was supported by analyses performed using membership function analysis, gray correlation analysis, and entropy TOPSIS model evaluation. Therefore, this method increases soil quality, improves soil fertility, achieves high maize yields, and provides a scientific basis for enhancing and utilizing saline-alkali soil in the Loess Plateau.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global climate crisis is escalating, and urban living Space (ULS) is a significant contributor to carbon emissions. How to improve the carbon suitability of ULS while promoting social and economic development is a global issue. This study aims to develop an evaluation system for comparing and analyzing carbon suitability inequality and spatial differences in different areas. To achieve this goal, an urban living space carbon suitability index (ULS-CSI) based on spatial organizational index (SOI) has been proposed. The ULS-CSI was calculated at the area scale in Tianjin using information from the Tianjin Land Use Database in 2021. The carbon emissions coefficient method was used to calculate the urban living space carbon emissions (ULSCE). Moran’I and LISA analysis were used to quantify the spatial differences of ULS-CSI. The results showed that the residential living area (RLA) carbon emissions was the highest at the area scale, with carbon emissions of 1.14 × 1011 kg, accounting for 33.74%. The green space leisure area (GLA) carbon absorption was the highest at the area scale, with carbon absorption of 5.76 × 105 kg, accounting for 32.33%. SOI in different areas have spatial heterogeneity as the SOI such as building area, road network density and land use characteristics are significantly different in different areas. Areas with superior CSI were primarily situated in Heping, Hexi, Nankai, and Beichen, accounting for 83.90%. Conversely, areas under the basic CSI threshold included Xiqing, Jinnan, and Dongli, accounting for 16.10%. Spatial characteristics of ULS-CSI in Tianjin portrayed a significant spatial positive correlation, indicating the highest autocorrelation degree of CSI at 500 m, with a Moran ’I value of 0.1733. Although these findings reflect the spatial characteristics of ULS-CSI and the SOI affecting the ULS-CSI at area scale, more perfect data are needed to reflect the complexity of structural factors affecting ULS-CSI at area scale. This study is helpful for urban planning to develop differentiated carbon reduction strategies and promote low-carbon and healthy urban development.
{"title":"Spatial characteristics and optimization of urban living space carbon suitability index (ULS-CSI) in Tianjin, China","authors":"Zhaowei Yin, Xiaoping Zhang, Peng Chen, Qinghua Liao","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1409624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1409624","url":null,"abstract":"The global climate crisis is escalating, and urban living Space (ULS) is a significant contributor to carbon emissions. How to improve the carbon suitability of ULS while promoting social and economic development is a global issue. This study aims to develop an evaluation system for comparing and analyzing carbon suitability inequality and spatial differences in different areas. To achieve this goal, an urban living space carbon suitability index (ULS-CSI) based on spatial organizational index (SOI) has been proposed. The ULS-CSI was calculated at the area scale in Tianjin using information from the Tianjin Land Use Database in 2021. The carbon emissions coefficient method was used to calculate the urban living space carbon emissions (ULSCE). Moran’I and LISA analysis were used to quantify the spatial differences of ULS-CSI. The results showed that the residential living area (RLA) carbon emissions was the highest at the area scale, with carbon emissions of 1.14 × 10<jats:sup>11</jats:sup> kg, accounting for 33.74%. The green space leisure area (GLA) carbon absorption was the highest at the area scale, with carbon absorption of 5.76 × 10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup> kg, accounting for 32.33%. SOI in different areas have spatial heterogeneity as the SOI such as building area, road network density and land use characteristics are significantly different in different areas. Areas with superior CSI were primarily situated in Heping, Hexi, Nankai, and Beichen, accounting for 83.90%. Conversely, areas under the basic CSI threshold included Xiqing, Jinnan, and Dongli, accounting for 16.10%. Spatial characteristics of ULS-CSI in Tianjin portrayed a significant spatial positive correlation, indicating the highest autocorrelation degree of CSI at 500 m, with a Moran ’I value of 0.1733. Although these findings reflect the spatial characteristics of ULS-CSI and the SOI affecting the ULS-CSI at area scale, more perfect data are needed to reflect the complexity of structural factors affecting ULS-CSI at area scale. This study is helpful for urban planning to develop differentiated carbon reduction strategies and promote low-carbon and healthy urban development.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1395829
Huilin Lin, Di Wu, Jintu Gu
With the increase in the number of urban wildlife, some residents feel anxious and fearful due to the presence of wildlife in urban communities, even when there is no direct physical conflict between them. This research aims to analyze the role of citizen science in increasing residents’ tolerance towards urban wildlife. This research takes the communities with the highest raccoon dog density in Shanghai as the research sites. Forty respondents were selected from local community by systematic sampling. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. This research used NVivo 12 for thematic analyses. The research found that residents who did not participate in citizen science tended to take crisis observation. They regard raccoon dogs as dangerous wildlife and strictly monitor their behavior to prevent them from causing harm to humans. Residents who are engaging in citizen science tend to take scientific observations. They rationally and objectively record raccoon dogs’ behavior, numbers, and distribution. Based on the experience of scientific observation, residents who had participated in citizen science anthropomorphically observed raccoon dogs in their daily lives and established an emotional bond with them. This research found that citizen science enhances residents’ tolerance towards urban wildlife by producing knowledge and perceiving animal selfhood. In conclusion, this research reveals the complex relationship between residents and wildlife in urban communities by incorporating animals into sociological analysis.
{"title":"Citizen science as a tool to increase residents’ tolerance towards urban wildlife: a case study of raccoon dogs in shanghai","authors":"Huilin Lin, Di Wu, Jintu Gu","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1395829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1395829","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase in the number of urban wildlife, some residents feel anxious and fearful due to the presence of wildlife in urban communities, even when there is no direct physical conflict between them. This research aims to analyze the role of citizen science in increasing residents’ tolerance towards urban wildlife. This research takes the communities with the highest raccoon dog density in Shanghai as the research sites. Forty respondents were selected from local community by systematic sampling. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. This research used NVivo 12 for thematic analyses. The research found that residents who did not participate in citizen science tended to take crisis observation. They regard raccoon dogs as dangerous wildlife and strictly monitor their behavior to prevent them from causing harm to humans. Residents who are engaging in citizen science tend to take scientific observations. They rationally and objectively record raccoon dogs’ behavior, numbers, and distribution. Based on the experience of scientific observation, residents who had participated in citizen science anthropomorphically observed raccoon dogs in their daily lives and established an emotional bond with them. This research found that citizen science enhances residents’ tolerance towards urban wildlife by producing knowledge and perceiving animal selfhood. In conclusion, this research reveals the complex relationship between residents and wildlife in urban communities by incorporating animals into sociological analysis.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1452791
Jingao Jiang, Maoguo Wu
This study investigated the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on reducing smog pollution in key provinces along the route. Utilizing data from 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2018, this study adopted a propensity score matching-difference-in-differences approach, and conducted a series of robustness checks. The results indicate that the BRI has overall reduced particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) levels in key provinces along the route, and robustness checks find consistent results. Dynamic effect tests reveal a significant reduction in the annual average PM2.5 levels in key provinces along the route after the BRI was implemented in 2014. Tests on underlying mechanism find that the BRI mainly reduced PM2.5 levels in key provinces along the route by promoting technological innovation and optimizing industrial structure. Furthermore, heterogeneity tests find that the BRI significantly reduced PM2.5 levels only in cities of key provinces along the Silk Road Economic Belt, with variations in significance due to regional differences, city administrative levels, and marketization. In addition, the BRI has enhanced green total factor productivity in key provinces along the route by reducing PM2.5 levels. This study enriches research on the economic consequences of the BRI in terms of environmental protection, and also provides empirical support for the construction of the green “Belt and Road.”
{"title":"Does the Belt and Road Initiative reduce smog pollution in key provinces along the route?","authors":"Jingao Jiang, Maoguo Wu","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1452791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1452791","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on reducing smog pollution in key provinces along the route. Utilizing data from 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2018, this study adopted a propensity score matching-difference-in-differences approach, and conducted a series of robustness checks. The results indicate that the BRI has overall reduced particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) levels in key provinces along the route, and robustness checks find consistent results. Dynamic effect tests reveal a significant reduction in the annual average PM2.5 levels in key provinces along the route after the BRI was implemented in 2014. Tests on underlying mechanism find that the BRI mainly reduced PM2.5 levels in key provinces along the route by promoting technological innovation and optimizing industrial structure. Furthermore, heterogeneity tests find that the BRI significantly reduced PM2.5 levels only in cities of key provinces along the Silk Road Economic Belt, with variations in significance due to regional differences, city administrative levels, and marketization. In addition, the BRI has enhanced green total factor productivity in key provinces along the route by reducing PM2.5 levels. This study enriches research on the economic consequences of the BRI in terms of environmental protection, and also provides empirical support for the construction of the green “Belt and Road.”","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1430739
Janne Teerlinck, Kelly Wittemans, Eva Beele, Valerie Dewaelheyns, Trui Steen, Ben Somers
Research has shown that the collective network of domestic gardens could make a substantial contribution to climate change adaptation. One way to harness this contribution is by implementing Nature-based Solutions (NBS). However, due to the predominant focus on NBS applicable in large-scale and publicly available urban green areas, there is a lack of comprehensive research encompassing NBS specifically applicable to domestic gardens and their associated ecosystem services. Through a systematic review following the ROSES protocol, this paper provides an overview of the existing knowledge on small-scale NBS and climate resilient gardening practices, as well as, identifies research needs. This work contributes to the growing recognition of the spatial and ecological importance of domestic gardens for climate adaptation, and stresses the urgent need for more quantitative research on the range and effectiveness of ecosystem services provided by small-scale NBS. In this paper, we reflect upon the feasibility and practical implications of three specific NBS: the improvement of current lawn management practices, the reduction of sealed soil or pavement present, and the integration of trees in domestic gardens. We also acknowledge the potential of Citizen Science and governmental initiatives to engage citizens and improve the adoption of NBS in domestic gardens. Our work highlights the additional benefits and crucial role of urban planning and policy in integrating domestic gardens into broader climate adaptation strategies.
{"title":"What can Nature-based Solutions in domestic gardens contribute to climate change adaption in Western-Europe? a systematic review","authors":"Janne Teerlinck, Kelly Wittemans, Eva Beele, Valerie Dewaelheyns, Trui Steen, Ben Somers","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1430739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1430739","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that the collective network of domestic gardens could make a substantial contribution to climate change adaptation. One way to harness this contribution is by implementing Nature-based Solutions (NBS). However, due to the predominant focus on NBS applicable in large-scale and publicly available urban green areas, there is a lack of comprehensive research encompassing NBS specifically applicable to domestic gardens and their associated ecosystem services. Through a systematic review following the ROSES protocol, this paper provides an overview of the existing knowledge on small-scale NBS and climate resilient gardening practices, as well as, identifies research needs. This work contributes to the growing recognition of the spatial and ecological importance of domestic gardens for climate adaptation, and stresses the urgent need for more quantitative research on the range and effectiveness of ecosystem services provided by small-scale NBS. In this paper, we reflect upon the feasibility and practical implications of three specific NBS: the improvement of current lawn management practices, the reduction of sealed soil or pavement present, and the integration of trees in domestic gardens. We also acknowledge the potential of Citizen Science and governmental initiatives to engage citizens and improve the adoption of NBS in domestic gardens. Our work highlights the additional benefits and crucial role of urban planning and policy in integrating domestic gardens into broader climate adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1415338
Ping Wu, Jie Feng, Mingxia Ju, Shenhao Wu, Weichun Han, Miao Wang, Junquan Liao, Lifeng Zhao, Yifan Gao, Jiao Zheng, Mingjie Luo, Huixian Gong, Lidong Zeng, Juan Lai, Mingze Li, Qin Yan, Lei Sun, Yongfeng Liu
Biological monitoring using environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has expanded from micro- to macro-organisms. In aquatic eDNA studies, large volumes of water need to be filtered rapidly in the field, which requires development of effective eDNA collection devices. In this study, we introduce a novel portable eDNA collection system containing a GM dual-channel water filter and a DNA extraction kit adapted to large filter membranes (ø 100 mm). The water filter is powered by a high-capacity lithium battery (9,000 mA), which operates two peristaltic pumps and maintains a continuous filtration rate of up to 1 L/min for 5 h in outdoor settings. For sample collection, the optimum conditions are still water and turbidity below 8 nephelometric turbidity units. This allows for the filtration of 10 L of water within 10 min by use of a 0.22-μm filter. Metagenomic and 12S metabarcoding sequencing showed that the DNA extraction quality and species annotation accuracy of our custom DNA extraction kit, which was tailored for this system, rivaled the performance of established kits. The GM water filter’s enrichment mode gave consistent results with vacuum filtration, which greatly reduced the filtration time for large water samples, while accurately reproducing species annotations. This innovation streamlines the eDNA collection and annotation process and offers substantial benefits for biodiversity monitoring and conservation efforts.
{"title":"Water filter: a rapid water environmental DNA collector in the field","authors":"Ping Wu, Jie Feng, Mingxia Ju, Shenhao Wu, Weichun Han, Miao Wang, Junquan Liao, Lifeng Zhao, Yifan Gao, Jiao Zheng, Mingjie Luo, Huixian Gong, Lidong Zeng, Juan Lai, Mingze Li, Qin Yan, Lei Sun, Yongfeng Liu","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1415338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1415338","url":null,"abstract":"Biological monitoring using environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has expanded from micro- to macro-organisms. In aquatic eDNA studies, large volumes of water need to be filtered rapidly in the field, which requires development of effective eDNA collection devices. In this study, we introduce a novel portable eDNA collection system containing a GM dual-channel water filter and a DNA extraction kit adapted to large filter membranes (ø 100 mm). The water filter is powered by a high-capacity lithium battery (9,000 mA), which operates two peristaltic pumps and maintains a continuous filtration rate of up to 1 L/min for 5 h in outdoor settings. For sample collection, the optimum conditions are still water and turbidity below 8 nephelometric turbidity units. This allows for the filtration of 10 L of water within 10 min by use of a 0.22-μm filter. Metagenomic and 12S metabarcoding sequencing showed that the DNA extraction quality and species annotation accuracy of our custom DNA extraction kit, which was tailored for this system, rivaled the performance of established kits. The GM water filter’s enrichment mode gave consistent results with vacuum filtration, which greatly reduced the filtration time for large water samples, while accurately reproducing species annotations. This innovation streamlines the eDNA collection and annotation process and offers substantial benefits for biodiversity monitoring and conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"261 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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