Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1412717
S. A. P. T. Samaraweera, M. M. M. Najim, Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Abou Traore
Urban stormwater drains in Kurunegala City collect runoff and untreated wastewater, leading to public health problems. The Greater Kurunegala Sewage Treatment Plant (GKSTP) was commissioned in 2018 and currently operates at 73% of its capacity to combat public health issues. This study assessed the water quality of canals, comparing it with standards and pre-GKSTP conditions. Water samples were collected from seven sites during dry and wet seasons, and physicochemical parameters were measured. The data underwent spatial and temporal analysis using the general linear model (GLM). Additionally, cluster analysis and distance-based redundancy analysis were employed. The water quality index (WQI) was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment plant. The study revealed significant spatial and temporal variations in physicochemical parameters along the canals (p < 0.05, GLM), with higher pollution levels during wet months. The WQI improved from 35 (2005) to 49 at present, indicating enhanced water quality (p < 0.05, ANOVA), although it remains unsatisfactory. This study provides novel insights into the limitations of conventional wastewater treatment practices, demonstrating that merely treating wastewater and discharging it back into canals is insufficient. Research underscores the importance of rethinking treated wastewater reuse in achieving multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs). This approach offers a pragmatic path forward for enhancing water security and environmental sustainability globally.
{"title":"Impacts of a partially connected wastewater treatment plant on the water quality of stormwater drains used as an irrigation source","authors":"S. A. P. T. Samaraweera, M. M. M. Najim, Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Abou Traore","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1412717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1412717","url":null,"abstract":"Urban stormwater drains in Kurunegala City collect runoff and untreated wastewater, leading to public health problems. The Greater Kurunegala Sewage Treatment Plant (GKSTP) was commissioned in 2018 and currently operates at 73% of its capacity to combat public health issues. This study assessed the water quality of canals, comparing it with standards and pre-GKSTP conditions. Water samples were collected from seven sites during dry and wet seasons, and physicochemical parameters were measured. The data underwent spatial and temporal analysis using the general linear model (GLM). Additionally, cluster analysis and distance-based redundancy analysis were employed. The water quality index (WQI) was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment plant. The study revealed significant spatial and temporal variations in physicochemical parameters along the canals (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05, GLM), with higher pollution levels during wet months. The WQI improved from 35 (2005) to 49 at present, indicating enhanced water quality (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05, ANOVA), although it remains unsatisfactory. This study provides novel insights into the limitations of conventional wastewater treatment practices, demonstrating that merely treating wastewater and discharging it back into canals is insufficient. Research underscores the importance of rethinking treated wastewater reuse in achieving multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs). This approach offers a pragmatic path forward for enhancing water security and environmental sustainability globally.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1435618
Shichao Chen, Xue Chen, Hejun Zuo, Min Yan, Haibing Wang, Xiaole Li
Aeolian sandy soil and loess soil of the Mu Us Sandy Land are used as the research material in this study to investigate the effect of soil compounding on the improvement of aeolian sandy soil and to provide a feasible approach for sand prevention and sand control. In particular, loess soils were compounded at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% by volume percentage of the compounded soils. The improvement benefits of compounded soils on their textural properties, water-holding capacity, and fertilizer-retention capacity at different blending ratios were evaluated. The results showed that following the compounding of aeolian sandy and loess soils, with the increase of the loess proportion, the texture type of the compounded soil transforms from sandy soil to loamy sandy soil to sandy loam to loamy soil to powdery loam. Moreover, granular gradation was observed, the bulk density gradually decreased, the capillary porosity gradually increased, and the performance of water- and fertilizer-holding properties gradually increased and strengthened. The spatial variability of compounded soil bulk density, capillary porosity, and the water-holding and fertilizer-retention properties was almost entirely controlled by the proportion of loess soil. A theoretical basis is provided in this study for aeolian sandy soil improvement in the Mu Us Sandy Land that can be extended to similar areas, providing a feasible sand management approach.
{"title":"Soil compounding promotes the improvement of aeolian sandy soil in the Mu Us Sandy Land","authors":"Shichao Chen, Xue Chen, Hejun Zuo, Min Yan, Haibing Wang, Xiaole Li","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1435618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1435618","url":null,"abstract":"Aeolian sandy soil and loess soil of the Mu Us Sandy Land are used as the research material in this study to investigate the effect of soil compounding on the improvement of aeolian sandy soil and to provide a feasible approach for sand prevention and sand control. In particular, loess soils were compounded at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% by volume percentage of the compounded soils. The improvement benefits of compounded soils on their textural properties, water-holding capacity, and fertilizer-retention capacity at different blending ratios were evaluated. The results showed that following the compounding of aeolian sandy and loess soils, with the increase of the loess proportion, the texture type of the compounded soil transforms from sandy soil to loamy sandy soil to sandy loam to loamy soil to powdery loam. Moreover, granular gradation was observed, the bulk density gradually decreased, the capillary porosity gradually increased, and the performance of water- and fertilizer-holding properties gradually increased and strengthened. The spatial variability of compounded soil bulk density, capillary porosity, and the water-holding and fertilizer-retention properties was almost entirely controlled by the proportion of loess soil. A theoretical basis is provided in this study for aeolian sandy soil improvement in the Mu Us Sandy Land that can be extended to similar areas, providing a feasible sand management approach.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Affected by global climate warming and changing rainfall patterns, the degree of soil desiccation in arid grasslands has increased and soil wind erosion has become a major environmental concern. Understanding and controlling the characteristics of sand flux and wind erosion caused by the degradation of grassland vegetation, as well as their changing patterns, has become a top priority in combating grassland degradation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to clarify the extent of wind erosion in desert grasslands and its influencing factors in order to provide a theoretical basis and data support for the restoration of grassland vegetation and the sustainable development of grassland livestock production.Methods: Use of SAS and Origin statistical software to perform multifactorial analysis of variance on variables such as year, stocking rate, meteorological conditions and wind-sand flux to determine the degree of influence of different factors on sand flux and the magnitude of interactions among different factors.Results and discussion: The results showed that wind-sand flux was higher when rainfall was low and stocking intensity was high. Specifically, the wind-sand flux increased by 50.3% and 83.6% in the moderate and high grazing treatments, respectively, compared to the control. The data obtained also showed that there was a significant interaction between climate and grazing intensity, suggesting that an increase in one factor may attenuate the differences in wind-sand flux at different levels of other factors. There is likely to be a threshold effect of stocking rate of moderate grazing on the variation of wind-sand flux influenced by different factors. In summary, the factors affecting wind-sand flux in the arid desert steppe are numerous and complex, with stocking rates below moderate grazing being key to reducing wind-sand flux.
{"title":"The effects of grazing and the meteorologic factors on wind-sand flux in the desert steppe","authors":"Biao Meng, Cuiping Gao, Shijie Lv, Guodong Han, Zhiguo Li, Junran Li, Qian Wu, Feng Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1428828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1428828","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Affected by global climate warming and changing rainfall patterns, the degree of soil desiccation in arid grasslands has increased and soil wind erosion has become a major environmental concern. Understanding and controlling the characteristics of sand flux and wind erosion caused by the degradation of grassland vegetation, as well as their changing patterns, has become a top priority in combating grassland degradation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to clarify the extent of wind erosion in desert grasslands and its influencing factors in order to provide a theoretical basis and data support for the restoration of grassland vegetation and the sustainable development of grassland livestock production.Methods: Use of SAS and Origin statistical software to perform multifactorial analysis of variance on variables such as year, stocking rate, meteorological conditions and wind-sand flux to determine the degree of influence of different factors on sand flux and the magnitude of interactions among different factors.Results and discussion: The results showed that wind-sand flux was higher when rainfall was low and stocking intensity was high. Specifically, the wind-sand flux increased by 50.3% and 83.6% in the moderate and high grazing treatments, respectively, compared to the control. The data obtained also showed that there was a significant interaction between climate and grazing intensity, suggesting that an increase in one factor may attenuate the differences in wind-sand flux at different levels of other factors. There is likely to be a threshold effect of stocking rate of moderate grazing on the variation of wind-sand flux influenced by different factors. In summary, the factors affecting wind-sand flux in the arid desert steppe are numerous and complex, with stocking rates below moderate grazing being key to reducing wind-sand flux.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"364 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1414086
Jinzhao Tian, Yisheng Liu, Mengru Lan
This study investigates the impact of China’s carbon emission trading (CET) framework on the green development of the construction sector, a topic that has been underexplored. Utilizing annual data from 107 publicly listed construction companies from 2007 to 2022, we apply green total factor productivity (GTFP) as a metric for green development. Our findings reveal that GTFP increased by 0.36 during this period. Using the Difference-in-Differences (DID) methodology, we account for factors such as market dimensions, ownership structure, financial stability, geographical location, and state financial aid. The interaction term coefficient in our model is 0.0089, significant at the 1% level, indicating that CET implementation has significantly improved GTFP in construction enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that the CET’s impact is more pronounced in large-scale, state-owned, highly indebted enterprises, those located in the eastern region, and those receiving government subsidies, with coefficients of 0.112, 0.0108, 0.0092, 0.0133, and 0.0099, respectively, all significant at the 1% level. These results underscore the importance of unified market development and tailored governance strategies. The study concludes with policy recommendations and calls for further research to explore CET’s nuanced impacts across different sectors and regions.
{"title":"Is carbon trading working for construction companies green development ? Evidence from listed Chinese companies","authors":"Jinzhao Tian, Yisheng Liu, Mengru Lan","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1414086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1414086","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of China’s carbon emission trading (CET) framework on the green development of the construction sector, a topic that has been underexplored. Utilizing annual data from 107 publicly listed construction companies from 2007 to 2022, we apply green total factor productivity (GTFP) as a metric for green development. Our findings reveal that GTFP increased by 0.36 during this period. Using the Difference-in-Differences (DID) methodology, we account for factors such as market dimensions, ownership structure, financial stability, geographical location, and state financial aid. The interaction term coefficient in our model is 0.0089, significant at the 1% level, indicating that CET implementation has significantly improved GTFP in construction enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that the CET’s impact is more pronounced in large-scale, state-owned, highly indebted enterprises, those located in the eastern region, and those receiving government subsidies, with coefficients of 0.112, 0.0108, 0.0092, 0.0133, and 0.0099, respectively, all significant at the 1% level. These results underscore the importance of unified market development and tailored governance strategies. The study concludes with policy recommendations and calls for further research to explore CET’s nuanced impacts across different sectors and regions.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1417949
Xingfu Wang, Xianfei Huang, Xun Zhu, Nayiyu Wu, Zhenming Zhang, Yi Liu, Yu Huang, Jiwei Hu
Karst landforms are widely distributed in southern China. The terrain and soil properties in karst basins are complex, which results in high spatial heterogeneity of the ecological environment and soil organic matter (SOM) in karst watersheds. To investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of SOM in different land uses in the karst plateau basin, a total of 3,816 soil samples were taken from 568 soil profiles. The soil animals and different soil properties were recorded, and the concentration of SOM was tested using the potassium dichromate method in the laboratory. Then, the changes in the SOM content associated with soil animals and the soil properties associated with the different land use types were analyzed. The results showed a large discrepancy in SOM in the karst plateau basin. The average values of SOM in different soil layers were between 9.23 g kg−1 and 59.39 g kg−1. The SOM decreased in the following order: forestland > grassland > barren land > cultivated land > garden land. The SOM in soil in which soil animals are present is generally greater than that in the absence of soil animals, and the SOM partially increases with soil species diversity. Agrotis segetum is the main soil animal species that positively affects the distribution of organic matter in the surface soil layer. The SOM in soil with the phylum Annelida is much greater than that in soils with other animals, and earthworms are the main contributor. The structure of soil animal species is complex, and the change trend of SOM is stable. The major positive factors affecting soil animal diversity are soil thickness, soil humidity and soil structure, and rock outcrops are the main negative factor. In summary, good land use can increase animal diversity and abundance in soil, which promotes soil organic matter accumulation. Moreover, microtopography is an important factor that influences soil organic matter accumulation in karst basins and further affects the restructuring of the spatial distribution of soil organic matter.
岩溶地貌在中国南方分布广泛。岩溶流域地形和土壤特性复杂，导致岩溶流域生态环境和土壤有机质（SOM）的空间异质性较高。为了研究岩溶高原流域不同土地利用条件下土壤有机质的空间分布特征，研究人员从 568 个土壤剖面中采集了 3816 个土壤样品。记录了土壤动物和不同的土壤性质，并在实验室使用重铬酸钾法检测了 SOM 的浓度。然后，分析了与土壤动物和不同土地利用类型相关的土壤性质有关的 SOM 含量变化。结果表明，岩溶高原盆地的 SOM 存在很大差异。不同土层的 SOM 平均值介于 9.23 g kg-1 和 59.39 g kg-1 之间。SOM依次减少：林地、草地、荒地、耕地、园地。有土壤动物存在的土壤中的 SOM 通常大于无土壤动物存在的土壤中的 SOM，而且 SOM 会随着土壤物种多样性的增加而部分增加。Agrotis segetum 是对表层土壤有机质分布有积极影响的主要土壤动物物种。有环节动物门的土壤中的 SOM 远远大于有其他动物的土壤，而蚯蚓是主要的贡献者。土壤动物种类结构复杂，SOM 变化趋势稳定。影响土壤动物多样性的主要有利因素是土壤厚度、土壤湿度和土壤结构，而岩石露头是主要的不利因素。综上所述，良好的土地利用可以增加土壤中动物的多样性和丰度，促进土壤有机质的积累。此外，微地形也是影响岩溶盆地土壤有机质积累的重要因素，并进一步影响土壤有机质空间分布的结构调整。
{"title":"Spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter in different land uses and its coupling with soil animals in the plateau basin in the South China Karst basin","authors":"Xingfu Wang, Xianfei Huang, Xun Zhu, Nayiyu Wu, Zhenming Zhang, Yi Liu, Yu Huang, Jiwei Hu","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1417949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1417949","url":null,"abstract":"Karst landforms are widely distributed in southern China. The terrain and soil properties in karst basins are complex, which results in high spatial heterogeneity of the ecological environment and soil organic matter (SOM) in karst watersheds. To investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of SOM in different land uses in the karst plateau basin, a total of 3,816 soil samples were taken from 568 soil profiles. The soil animals and different soil properties were recorded, and the concentration of SOM was tested using the potassium dichromate method in the laboratory. Then, the changes in the SOM content associated with soil animals and the soil properties associated with the different land use types were analyzed. The results showed a large discrepancy in SOM in the karst plateau basin. The average values of SOM in different soil layers were between 9.23 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 59.39 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The SOM decreased in the following order: forestland &gt; grassland &gt; barren land &gt; cultivated land &gt; garden land. The SOM in soil in which soil animals are present is generally greater than that in the absence of soil animals, and the SOM partially increases with soil species diversity. <jats:italic>Agrotis segetum</jats:italic> is the main soil animal species that positively affects the distribution of organic matter in the surface soil layer. The SOM in soil with the phylum Annelida is much greater than that in soils with other animals, and earthworms are the main contributor. The structure of soil animal species is complex, and the change trend of SOM is stable. The major positive factors affecting soil animal diversity are soil thickness, soil humidity and soil structure, and rock outcrops are the main negative factor. In summary, good land use can increase animal diversity and abundance in soil, which promotes soil organic matter accumulation. Moreover, microtopography is an important factor that influences soil organic matter accumulation in karst basins and further affects the restructuring of the spatial distribution of soil organic matter.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1401513
Kirsten Jung, Miriam Teuscher, Stefan Böhm, Konstans Wells, Manfred Ayasse, Markus Fischer, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Swen C. Renner, Marco Tschapka
In modified production landscapes, biodiversity faces unprecedented pressures from human actions, resulting in significant species declines of plant and animal taxa, including birds. Understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for such declines is essential to counteract further loss and support practitioners in conserving biodiversity and associated ecosystem function. In this study, we used standardized bird monitoring data collected over 6 years in managed forest and grassland areas across different regions in Germany, Central Europe. We combined these data with morphometric, ecological, behavioral, and acoustic trait data and detailed information on local land use management practices to understand how management decisions affect species and functional diversity, as well as ecological processes shaping local species composition. Our results reveal that the ecosystem and regional context must be considered to understand how management practices affect bird diversity aspects and composition. In forests, regional management decisions related to tree species and stand age affected bird diversity, as well as community and functional composition, and indicated environmental sorting due to ecological and behavioral requirements, biotic interactions, and morphometric constraints. In grasslands, independent of local management practices, increased intensity of land use resulted in an overall loss in bird species richness and functional diversity. Predominantly, constraints due to ecological or behavioral requirements affected bird species assemblage composition. In addition, our results indicated the importance of woody vegetation near managed grasslands and of considering environmental conditions beyond the local scale to support bird diversity and associated ecosystem functions. Our results highlighted that local management decisions can support bird diversity and maintain ecological function. However, this needs a view beyond the local scale of management units. It also demands a joint effort of biologists and land managers to integrate targeted conservation actions into regional management practices and create a network of habitats within production landscapes to protect nature, guard against biotic and functional homogenization, and prevent further degradation of ecosystems in production landscapes.
{"title":"Supporting bird diversity and ecological function in managed grassland and forest systems needs an integrative approach","authors":"Kirsten Jung, Miriam Teuscher, Stefan Böhm, Konstans Wells, Manfred Ayasse, Markus Fischer, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Swen C. Renner, Marco Tschapka","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1401513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1401513","url":null,"abstract":"In modified production landscapes, biodiversity faces unprecedented pressures from human actions, resulting in significant species declines of plant and animal taxa, including birds. Understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for such declines is essential to counteract further loss and support practitioners in conserving biodiversity and associated ecosystem function. In this study, we used standardized bird monitoring data collected over 6 years in managed forest and grassland areas across different regions in Germany, Central Europe. We combined these data with morphometric, ecological, behavioral, and acoustic trait data and detailed information on local land use management practices to understand how management decisions affect species and functional diversity, as well as ecological processes shaping local species composition. Our results reveal that the ecosystem and regional context must be considered to understand how management practices affect bird diversity aspects and composition. In forests, regional management decisions related to tree species and stand age affected bird diversity, as well as community and functional composition, and indicated environmental sorting due to ecological and behavioral requirements, biotic interactions, and morphometric constraints. In grasslands, independent of local management practices, increased intensity of land use resulted in an overall loss in bird species richness and functional diversity. Predominantly, constraints due to ecological or behavioral requirements affected bird species assemblage composition. In addition, our results indicated the importance of woody vegetation near managed grasslands and of considering environmental conditions beyond the local scale to support bird diversity and associated ecosystem functions. Our results highlighted that local management decisions can support bird diversity and maintain ecological function. However, this needs a view beyond the local scale of management units. It also demands a joint effort of biologists and land managers to integrate targeted conservation actions into regional management practices and create a network of habitats within production landscapes to protect nature, guard against biotic and functional homogenization, and prevent further degradation of ecosystems in production landscapes.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1397850
Arun Karnwal, Savitri Martolia, Aradhana Dohroo, Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said Al-Tawaha, Tabarak Malik
Heavy metal and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) pollution stemming from industrialization, intensive agriculture, and other human activities pose significant environmental and health threats. These contaminants persist in the air, soil, and water, particularly in industrialized nations, adversely affecting human health and ecosystems. While physical and chemical methods exist for detoxifying contaminated soil, they often have drawbacks such as high cost and technical complexity. Bioremediation, utilizing plants and microbes, offers a promising solution. Certain microorganisms like Streptomyces, Aspergillus and plant species such as Hibiscus and Helianthus show high metal adsorption capacities, making them suitable for bioremediation. However, plants’ slow growth and limited remediation efficiency have been challenges. Recent advancements involve leveraging plant-associated microbes to enhance heavy metal removal. Additionally, nanotechnology, particularly nano-bioremediation, shows promise in efficiently removing contaminants from polluted environments by combining nanoparticles with bioremediation techniques. This review underscores bioremediation methods for heavy metals using plants and microbes, focusing on the role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in promoting phytoremediation. It also explores the implementation of nanotechnologies for eliminating metals from polluted soil, emphasizing the significance of soil microbiomes, nanoparticles, and contaminant interactions in developing effective nano-remediation strategies for optimizing agriculture in contaminated fields.
{"title":"Exploring bioremediation strategies for heavy metals and POPs pollution: the role of microbes, plants, and nanotechnology","authors":"Arun Karnwal, Savitri Martolia, Aradhana Dohroo, Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said Al-Tawaha, Tabarak Malik","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1397850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1397850","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) pollution stemming from industrialization, intensive agriculture, and other human activities pose significant environmental and health threats. These contaminants persist in the air, soil, and water, particularly in industrialized nations, adversely affecting human health and ecosystems. While physical and chemical methods exist for detoxifying contaminated soil, they often have drawbacks such as high cost and technical complexity. Bioremediation, utilizing plants and microbes, offers a promising solution. Certain microorganisms like <jats:italic>Streptomyces</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aspergillus</jats:italic> and plant species such as <jats:italic>Hibiscus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Helianthus</jats:italic> show high metal adsorption capacities, making them suitable for bioremediation. However, plants’ slow growth and limited remediation efficiency have been challenges. Recent advancements involve leveraging plant-associated microbes to enhance heavy metal removal. Additionally, nanotechnology, particularly nano-bioremediation, shows promise in efficiently removing contaminants from polluted environments by combining nanoparticles with bioremediation techniques. This review underscores bioremediation methods for heavy metals using plants and microbes, focusing on the role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in promoting phytoremediation. It also explores the implementation of nanotechnologies for eliminating metals from polluted soil, emphasizing the significance of soil microbiomes, nanoparticles, and contaminant interactions in developing effective nano-remediation strategies for optimizing agriculture in contaminated fields.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1426942
Qingtian Geng, Leilei Wang, Qingliang Li
Soil temperature is a key parameter in many disciplines, and its research has important practical significance. In recent years, the prediction of soil temperature by deep learning has achieved good results. However, deep learning is difficult to popularize in practical use because of its opacity. This study aims to interpret and analyze the Long Short Term Memory Network (LSTM) model for global soil temperature prediction using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP), Permutation Importance (PI) and Partial Dependence Plot (PDP). The results show that Temperature of air at 2 m above the surface of land has the greatest influence on the prediction of soil temperature, and its SHAP and PI characteristic values have significant seasonality. Meanwhile, radiation also has a certain influence on the prediction results. There was a significant positive correlation between the temperature of 2 m and the soil temperature. The explanatory insights provided in this paper enhance the transparency and confidence of the model, which promotes the applicability of soil temperature prediction models in relevant fields.
土壤温度是许多学科的关键参数，其研究具有重要的现实意义。近年来，利用深度学习预测土壤温度取得了不错的效果。然而，深度学习因其不透明性，在实际应用中难以普及。本研究旨在利用SHAPLE Additive exPlanation（SHAP）、Permutation Importance（PI）和Partial Dependence Plot（PDP）对全球土壤温度预测的长短期记忆网络（LSTM）模型进行解释和分析。结果表明，地表以上 2 米处的空气温度对土壤温度的预测影响最大，其 SHAP 和 PI 特性值具有明显的季节性。同时，辐射对预测结果也有一定影响。2 m 温度与土壤温度之间存在明显的正相关。本文提供的解释性见解增强了模型的透明度和可信度，促进了土壤温度预测模型在相关领域的应用。
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ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Integrated Soil-Crop System Management (ISSM) and provide technical support for sustainable high yield and efficiency in regional agriculture.MethodsThe study compared the effects of no fertilization (Control), conventional farmer practices (FP), high-yield management (HY), and ISSM on maize yield and plant nutrient uptake. Measurements included grain yield, plant biomass, plant nutrient absorption, and soil nutrient content across different management strategies.ResultsOver the 12-year experimental period, a significant decline in grain yield was observed under the Control treatment, with a slight decrease in the FP treatment. In contrast, consistent yield increases were noted for the HY and ISSM treatments. The ISSM approach significantly enhanced the average yield and plant uptake of P and K by 26%, 24%, and 32%, respectively, approaching 98%, 91%, and 85% of the levels achieved in the HY treatment. Furthermore, the average use efficiency of P and K fertilizers in the ISSM treatment exceeded those in the FP treatment by 18.7% and 1.2%, respectively, and those in the HY treatment by 17.4% and 24.8%, respectively. The adoption of ISSM led to a significant increase in total and available P and K content within the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers and enhanced the available P and K content across all aggregate size fractions within the 0–20 cm soil layer.ConclusionISSM is capable of achieving long-term high and stable yields for spring maize, enhancing the uptake and utilization of P and K in plants, and bolstering the soil’s capacity to supply these nutrients, thereby fostering the sustainable development of the entire soil-crop system.
本研究旨在评估土壤-作物系统综合管理（ISSM）的有效性，并为地区农业的可持续高产高效提供技术支持。研究比较了不施肥（对照组）、常规农作（FP）、高产管理（HY）和土壤-作物系统综合管理对玉米产量和植物养分吸收的影响。在 12 年的实验期间，观察到对照组的谷物产量显著下降，FP 组的谷物产量略有下降。相比之下，HY 和 ISSM 处理的产量持续增加。ISSM 方法大大提高了平均产量，植物对 P 和 K 的吸收率分别提高了 26%、24% 和 32%，接近 HY 处理的 98%、91% 和 85%。此外，在 ISSM 处理中，P 肥和 K 肥的平均利用率分别比 FP 处理高出 18.7% 和 1.2%，比 HY 处理高出 17.4% 和 24.8%。采用 ISSM 后，0-20 厘米和 20-40 厘米土层中的总磷、钾含量和可利用磷、钾含量显著增加，0-20 厘米土层中所有团粒大小的可利用磷、钾含量均有所提高。
{"title":"Frontiers | Advancing sustainable agriculture: the role of integrated soil-crop management in maize production","authors":"Zhan Wang, Xiaoxiao Zhao, Yongfeng Sun, Wei Liu, Guoqiang Zhao, Zhaohui Dang","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1426956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1426956","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Integrated Soil-Crop System Management (ISSM) and provide technical support for sustainable high yield and efficiency in regional agriculture.MethodsThe study compared the effects of no fertilization (Control), conventional farmer practices (FP), high-yield management (HY), and ISSM on maize yield and plant nutrient uptake. Measurements included grain yield, plant biomass, plant nutrient absorption, and soil nutrient content across different management strategies.ResultsOver the 12-year experimental period, a significant decline in grain yield was observed under the Control treatment, with a slight decrease in the FP treatment. In contrast, consistent yield increases were noted for the HY and ISSM treatments. The ISSM approach significantly enhanced the average yield and plant uptake of P and K by 26%, 24%, and 32%, respectively, approaching 98%, 91%, and 85% of the levels achieved in the HY treatment. Furthermore, the average use efficiency of P and K fertilizers in the ISSM treatment exceeded those in the FP treatment by 18.7% and 1.2%, respectively, and those in the HY treatment by 17.4% and 24.8%, respectively. The adoption of ISSM led to a significant increase in total and available P and K content within the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers and enhanced the available P and K content across all aggregate size fractions within the 0–20 cm soil layer.ConclusionISSM is capable of achieving long-term high and stable yields for spring maize, enhancing the uptake and utilization of P and K in plants, and bolstering the soil’s capacity to supply these nutrients, thereby fostering the sustainable development of the entire soil-crop system.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1414639
Dong Zhao, Lanbo Guo, Guolong Chen, Lijie Yan, Tingting Sun
The unprecedented growth in population and swift industrial advancements exert considerable strains on the ecosystem, particularly within medium-sized and large urban landscapes. The critical investigation into the intricate links between current and prospective land utilization, as well as the ecosystem service value (ESV), holds considerable empirical relevance for the calibration of land usage frameworks, thereby contributing to the sustainable evolution of extensive urban zones. Utilizing GlobeLand 30 data, the present research probes into the pattern of land transformation and the spatial-temporal dispersal of ESV in Henan’s Yellow River vicinity over a span from 2000 to 2020. For the enhancement of land usage alignment, a Markov-PLUS fusion model was devised to gauge three disparate ESV transition scenarios slated for 2030, namely, natural development scenario (NDS), cropland protection scenario (CPS), and ecological protection scenario (EPS). The principal determinants of land transformation within the 2000–2020 period were recognized as elevation, populace concentration, and atmospheric temperature. Amid the rapid accretion of construction land engulfing substantial cropland and grassland areas, there was an ESV diminution to the tune of 1.432 billion RMB between 2000 and 2020. The ESV’s high-value regions were discerned within relatively undisturbed ecosystem zones, with the lower-value sections identified in cropland and constructed areas, where human interventions exerted pronounced effects on the ecosystem. In accordance with the 2030 land usage simulations and analyses, in contrast to alternative scenarios, the EPS exhibited the least fluctuation in land type alterations in 2030, demonstrated the most pronounced escalation in cold spot concentration, and reached a peak agglomeration level. This underscores that the EPS not only offers a refinement in land utilization configuration but also mediates the equilibrium between economic and ecological considerations. The insights derived from this investigation afford innovative evaluative methods for spatial planning, ecological recompense, and sustainable land exploitation within large- and medium-scale urban domains.
{"title":"Simulation and evaluation of ecosystem service value along the Yellow River in Henan Province, China","authors":"Dong Zhao, Lanbo Guo, Guolong Chen, Lijie Yan, Tingting Sun","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1414639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1414639","url":null,"abstract":"The unprecedented growth in population and swift industrial advancements exert considerable strains on the ecosystem, particularly within medium-sized and large urban landscapes. The critical investigation into the intricate links between current and prospective land utilization, as well as the ecosystem service value (ESV), holds considerable empirical relevance for the calibration of land usage frameworks, thereby contributing to the sustainable evolution of extensive urban zones. Utilizing GlobeLand 30 data, the present research probes into the pattern of land transformation and the spatial-temporal dispersal of ESV in Henan’s Yellow River vicinity over a span from 2000 to 2020. For the enhancement of land usage alignment, a Markov-PLUS fusion model was devised to gauge three disparate ESV transition scenarios slated for 2030, namely, natural development scenario (NDS), cropland protection scenario (CPS), and ecological protection scenario (EPS). The principal determinants of land transformation within the 2000–2020 period were recognized as elevation, populace concentration, and atmospheric temperature. Amid the rapid accretion of construction land engulfing substantial cropland and grassland areas, there was an ESV diminution to the tune of 1.432 billion RMB between 2000 and 2020. The ESV’s high-value regions were discerned within relatively undisturbed ecosystem zones, with the lower-value sections identified in cropland and constructed areas, where human interventions exerted pronounced effects on the ecosystem. In accordance with the 2030 land usage simulations and analyses, in contrast to alternative scenarios, the EPS exhibited the least fluctuation in land type alterations in 2030, demonstrated the most pronounced escalation in cold spot concentration, and reached a peak agglomeration level. This underscores that the EPS not only offers a refinement in land utilization configuration but also mediates the equilibrium between economic and ecological considerations. The insights derived from this investigation afford innovative evaluative methods for spatial planning, ecological recompense, and sustainable land exploitation within large- and medium-scale urban domains.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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