Frontiers in Oral Health最新文献

Introduction: Oral health is a critical aspect of gestational diabetes management. Gestational diabetes is high blood glucose levels during pregnancy and is managed like type 2 diabetes with diet and physical activity interventions. This scoping review sets out to discuss why oral health support should also become part of gestational diabetes management.

Objectives: The primary objective was to synthesise the existing psychologically informed oral health interventions for pregnant women and individuals with type 2 diabetes, and the extent to which these interventions map on to the COM-B Model. No literature exists on oral health interventions in gestational diabetes, why studies with type 2 diabetes populations were selected instead. The secondary objective was to identify the precise outcomes targeted in the interventions.

Methodology: The Joanna Briggs Institute's Methodology for Scoping Reviews was used to conduct this review. The populations of interest were pregnant women and individuals with type 2 diabetes, and eligible concepts were psychologically informed oral health interventions. Quasi-experimental and experimental designs were considered. The Ovid Interface including Embase, Medline, Global Health, APA PsychInfo, Health Management Information, Maternity, Infant Care Database, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL was used as information sources. The study selection followed the PRISMA guidelines. The first search was conducted on the week commencing the 25th of July 2022, with a follow-up search conducted on the 10th of October 2022.

Results: 28 records were included for synthesis. The most frequently assessed psychological outcome was oral health knowledge and the most frequently assessed oral clinical outcome was Plaque Index. All studies used an educational intervention approach, while psychological capability in the COM-B Model was targeted in all interventions by increasing oral health knowledge among the participants. The Health Belief Model was the most frequently used theory in the interventions.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate that oral health is a recognised aspect of pregnancy and type 2 diabetes. The findings from this review and a qualitative interview study which is under development will inform the first oral health intervention for women with gestational diabetes in the United Kingdom.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated dental staffing shortages, which impact care delivery and ultimately oral health equity. Federal funding efforts like the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) sought to aid traditionally underserved businesses including those owned by veterans, minority racial and ethnic groups, and women.

Objectives: (1) To examine differences in PPP funding between veteran- and nonveteran-owned dental care delivery businesses and organizations and (2) to analyze other relevant factors associated with variation in PPP funding levels for dental businesses.

Methods: Using publicly available PPP data, we ran unadjusted bivariable and adjusted multivariable linear regression models to estimate associations between loan approval amount and forgiveness amount, veteran status, and relevant covariates.

Results: Minority racial and ethnic groups and women received less PPP funding and less loan forgiveness, on average, compared with non-minority groups. In the adjusted model with no missing self-reported demographic observations at p < 0.10, veterans received more PPP funding and loan forgiveness, on average, compared to non-veterans.

Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of all dental recipients of PPP funding throughout the United States. Despite PPP program intentions and strategies, traditionally underserved dental businesses did not receive increased funding to support employment.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate current evidence to prevent and manage dental caries in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study Design (PICOS) strategy was used to formulate a structured search: systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via Ovid, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs without any date limit and/or language restrictions. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments in the included studies. Data homogeneity was assessed according to interventions for treating dental caries in T2DM. Statistical analyses were performed with JMP^®.

Results: Two studies out of 909 were included in the systematic review. Only quantitative studies involving topical applications for management of dental caries in patients with T2DM were included. One study assessed the effect of intensive oral hygiene care program including toothbrushing and interdental cleaning using interproximal brushes and/or dental floss and supragingival debridement by dental hygienist with educational brochures in T2DM, while another investigated the immunologically active salivary substitutes with using Oral Hygiene Instructions (OHI), mouthwash, and moisturizing gel for 6 months. Intensive oral hygiene care program or immunologically active salivary substitutes with using OHI, mouthwash, and moisturizing gel for 6 months were reported to reverse/arrest dental caries in patients with T2DM.

Conclusion: The current randomized controlled clinical trials demonstrated that regular extensive oral health education using interdental cleaning aids, mouthwash, moistening gel, and saliva substitutes including lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, glucose oxidase, and lactoferrin could control oral inflammation and contribute to the management of dental caries in patients with T2DM.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020197507, identifier: CRD42020197507.

Dental graduates have a variety of career-path choices. After graduation, they may join private dental practice, government- or hospital-based dental care services, research groups, academia, business or industry. With globalization and frequent international exchange, dental graduates nowadays can explore careers outside their home country. However, dental education systems and job opportunities vary widely across different regions and countries. Diversity of accreditation in dental education, different licensure requirements, and lack of global competencies in dental care often limit the globalization, operation and survival of dental practice and education worldwide. The requirements for professional education and practice can be quite diverse, and these differences will be barriers to dental graduates seeking career development outside their home home country. Fresh dental graduates have minimal experience in job hunting. More specifically, they are unfamiliar with potential career paths. This paper was based on the 4th trilateral symposium 2022 organized by The University of Hong Kong, Tohoku University, and Fujian Medical University, which offered a lecture to discuss career paths for dental graduates in Hong Kong, Japan, and mainland China. The aim of this paper was to provide dentists, particularly fresh graduated dental students, with practical insight into different career paths in Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China, SAR), Japan and mainland China, and factors that may influence their career options. It assists dental students in exploring possibilities in dentistry and preparing for their career development after graduation from dental school.

Purpose: Dental caries is a significant public health issue affecting both the diabetic and nondiabetic populations. However, the problem and associated factors of dental caries among diabetics and nondiabetics patients are not well-known in Ethiopia. This study aims to compare the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among diabetic and nondiabetic patients at the Outpatient Department of Bichena Primary Hospital in Northwest, Ethiopia.

Methods: Institutional based, comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from October 7 to December 6, 2019, among 200 diabetes and 400 nondiabetic adult patients. A consecutive sampling technique was implemented to recruit study participants. Data were collected by a pretested structured questionnaire and analysis was performed in Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were employed and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared statistically significant.

Results: A total of 582 patients were involved in the study with a response rate of 97.0%. The prevalence of dental caries was 67.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 63.2%-72.8%] and 79.6% (95% CI: 74.0%-85.70%) in nondiabetic and diabetic group, respectively. Females gender [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.15-2.77], poor oral hygiene (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.71-5.11), lack of regular teeth cleaning habits (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI: 2.13-4.97), feeling dry mouth (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.11-4.81), sugared tea drinking (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.18-3.38), inadequate oral health knowledge (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI: 2.19-5.62), and khat chewing (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.24-3.71) were significantly associated factors with high prevalence of dental caries.

Conclusion: The prevalence of caries was significantly higher among diabetics than nondiabetics. Oral health education with preventive measures such as improving teeth cleaning practice, reducing sugary foods and drinks intake, and improving oral hygiene practice of patients should be mainstreamed along with diabetic follow-up care.