Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-4-134-141
S. V. Matoshin, S. V. Shramko
Considering the progressive decrease in the number of women of fertile age, as well as children and adolescents, the primary medical and social task at the present stage is to preserve the reproductive health and life of women, preserving every desired pregnancy. The concept of demographic policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025 defines the global national goals, i.e. to increase the total fertility rate by 1.5 times, to reduce maternal and infant mortality by at least 2 times, and to improve the reproductive health of women, children and adolescents. Today every fifth desirable pregnancy ends in early loss, and the rate of miscarriage does not tend to decrease and, in fact, increases every year. Carriage of susceptibility or candidate genes can alter the course of biochemical processes in women and cause early pregnancy losses. According to the literature, the cytochrome P-450 gene (CYP1A1, CYP1B1), xenobiotic detoxification genes (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) and many others are recognized as candidate genes (genetic markers) associated with reproductive losses. Adverse pregnancy outcome is usually multifactorial; in turn, the combination of polymorphic variants of different candidate genes can increase the risk of early losses. A detailed study of the role of candidate genes with clarity and confirmation of the interest of candidate genes in the development of pregnancy loss is undeniable. In this regard, the interest of many researchers in studying the polymorphism of genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation enzyme system as one of the causal factors of pregnancy failure is understandable. The study of this group of genes is of particular relevance in regions with developed industry and high anthropogenic load. The article is devoted to the analysis of the existing data of foreign and domestic literature sources concerning the relationship between polymorphism of xenobiotic biotransformation system genes and reproductive losses.
{"title":"Polymorphism of xenobiotic biotransformation enzyme genes and their role in early pregnancy loss","authors":"S. V. Matoshin, S. V. Shramko","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-4-134-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-4-134-141","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the progressive decrease in the number of women of fertile age, as well as children and adolescents, the primary medical and social task at the present stage is to preserve the reproductive health and life of women, preserving every desired pregnancy. The concept of demographic policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025 defines the global national goals, i.e. to increase the total fertility rate by 1.5 times, to reduce maternal and infant mortality by at least 2 times, and to improve the reproductive health of women, children and adolescents. Today every fifth desirable pregnancy ends in early loss, and the rate of miscarriage does not tend to decrease and, in fact, increases every year. Carriage of susceptibility or candidate genes can alter the course of biochemical processes in women and cause early pregnancy losses. According to the literature, the cytochrome P-450 gene (CYP1A1, CYP1B1), xenobiotic detoxification genes (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) and many others are recognized as candidate genes (genetic markers) associated with reproductive losses. Adverse pregnancy outcome is usually multifactorial; in turn, the combination of polymorphic variants of different candidate genes can increase the risk of early losses. A detailed study of the role of candidate genes with clarity and confirmation of the interest of candidate genes in the development of pregnancy loss is undeniable. In this regard, the interest of many researchers in studying the polymorphism of genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation enzyme system as one of the causal factors of pregnancy failure is understandable. The study of this group of genes is of particular relevance in regions with developed industry and high anthropogenic load. The article is devoted to the analysis of the existing data of foreign and domestic literature sources concerning the relationship between polymorphism of xenobiotic biotransformation system genes and reproductive losses.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"26 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-4-124-132
Yulia A. Argunova, I. N. Lyapina, T. N. Zvereva, O. Barbarash
Using information technologies at all stages of patient care is necessary at the current state of medical development. It is particularly important to implement innovative information technologies in the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases in the outpatient setting, in secondary prevention and rehabilitation that continues throughout life. Various wearable devices for hemodynamic monitoring, electrocardiographic and physical activity assessment, that help the patient`s condition during rehabilitation, have been widely used in clinical practice all over the world. However, considering the outpatient setting, a cardiologist or rehabilitologist should to be able to monitor the data obtained using a single source, and to communicate with the patient in order to adjust treatment. Applications for mobile devices providing feedback can be a convenient tool in this regard. To date, many applications have been developed for smartphones, including those that synchronize with wearable devices, to record patient parameters, including the level of physical activity. Most of them are limited by self-control. Both in Russia and in other countries, a number of problems and limitations associated with the use of these technologies are related to the patient, the imperfection of the health care system, and problems with the devices themselves. The present article is devoted to an overview of existing remote rehabilitation technologies focusing on the applications for mobile devices. The authors present a short summary on domestic and international development in information technologies, identify the problems and future development of this area in health care.
{"title":"Modern information technology in cardiac rehabilitation. Applications for mobile devices (review)","authors":"Yulia A. Argunova, I. N. Lyapina, T. N. Zvereva, O. Barbarash","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-4-124-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-4-124-132","url":null,"abstract":"Using information technologies at all stages of patient care is necessary at the current state of medical development. It is particularly important to implement innovative information technologies in the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases in the outpatient setting, in secondary prevention and rehabilitation that continues throughout life. Various wearable devices for hemodynamic monitoring, electrocardiographic and physical activity assessment, that help the patient`s condition during rehabilitation, have been widely used in clinical practice all over the world. However, considering the outpatient setting, a cardiologist or rehabilitologist should to be able to monitor the data obtained using a single source, and to communicate with the patient in order to adjust treatment. Applications for mobile devices providing feedback can be a convenient tool in this regard. To date, many applications have been developed for smartphones, including those that synchronize with wearable devices, to record patient parameters, including the level of physical activity. Most of them are limited by self-control. Both in Russia and in other countries, a number of problems and limitations associated with the use of these technologies are related to the patient, the imperfection of the health care system, and problems with the devices themselves. The present article is devoted to an overview of existing remote rehabilitation technologies focusing on the applications for mobile devices. The authors present a short summary on domestic and international development in information technologies, identify the problems and future development of this area in health care.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"142 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-4-85-100
G. A. Ignatenko, N. Bondarenko, A. Dubovaya, T. S. Ignatenko, Ya. S. Valigun, E. A. Belyaeva, V. G. Gavrilyak
This review presents current information on the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2) under conditions of physiological tissue hypoxia and pathological hypoxic conditions. The structural and functional features of HIF-2 subunits (HIF-2α and HIF-β) and methods of their regulation under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia are described. The spectrum of cells expressing HIF-2α is quite diverse: endothelial cells of blood vessels, kidney fibroblasts, hepatocytes, interstitial cells (telocytes) of the pancreas, epithelial cells lining the intestinal mucosa, type II alveolocytes, glial cells, derivatives of neural crest cells (chromaffinocytes of the adrenal gland). HIF-2α -dependent transcriptional effects are highly locus specific and occur only under certain circumstances. Regulation of HIF-2α translation can be accomplished by two classes of regulatory molecules (RNA-binding proteins and mR-NAs) by altering the rate of translation due to binding to the 3' or 5' untranslated region of mRNA (3' or 5' UTR) of specific targets. HIF-2α activity is regulated primarily at the post-translational level by various signaling mechanisms at the level of mRNA expression, mRNA translation, protein stability, and transcriptional activity. Under normoxia, the canonical regulation of HIF-2α activity is determined by oxygen-dependent mechanisms, and under hypoxia conditions - by non-canonical (oxygen-independent) mechanisms, through phosphorylation, SUMOlyated, acetylation, methylation, etc., causing positive and negative effects. It has been established that HIF influences signaling pathways affecting embryonic development, metabolism, inflammation and the physiology of functional systems, and also works in long-term responses to chronic hypoxia, during which it regulates angiogenesis, glucose, iron, lipid metabolism, cell cycle, metastasis and other processes. Studying changes in the intracellular content of HIF-2α and the transcriptional activity of HIF-2 will allow us to develop effective methods for correcting various diseases accompanied by systemic and local oxygen deficiency.
{"title":"Hypoxia-inducible factors: details create a picture. Part II. HIF-2","authors":"G. A. Ignatenko, N. Bondarenko, A. Dubovaya, T. S. Ignatenko, Ya. S. Valigun, E. A. Belyaeva, V. G. Gavrilyak","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-4-85-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-4-85-100","url":null,"abstract":"This review presents current information on the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2) under conditions of physiological tissue hypoxia and pathological hypoxic conditions. The structural and functional features of HIF-2 subunits (HIF-2α and HIF-β) and methods of their regulation under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia are described. The spectrum of cells expressing HIF-2α is quite diverse: endothelial cells of blood vessels, kidney fibroblasts, hepatocytes, interstitial cells (telocytes) of the pancreas, epithelial cells lining the intestinal mucosa, type II alveolocytes, glial cells, derivatives of neural crest cells (chromaffinocytes of the adrenal gland). HIF-2α -dependent transcriptional effects are highly locus specific and occur only under certain circumstances. Regulation of HIF-2α translation can be accomplished by two classes of regulatory molecules (RNA-binding proteins and mR-NAs) by altering the rate of translation due to binding to the 3' or 5' untranslated region of mRNA (3' or 5' UTR) of specific targets. HIF-2α activity is regulated primarily at the post-translational level by various signaling mechanisms at the level of mRNA expression, mRNA translation, protein stability, and transcriptional activity. Under normoxia, the canonical regulation of HIF-2α activity is determined by oxygen-dependent mechanisms, and under hypoxia conditions - by non-canonical (oxygen-independent) mechanisms, through phosphorylation, SUMOlyated, acetylation, methylation, etc., causing positive and negative effects. It has been established that HIF influences signaling pathways affecting embryonic development, metabolism, inflammation and the physiology of functional systems, and also works in long-term responses to chronic hypoxia, during which it regulates angiogenesis, glucose, iron, lipid metabolism, cell cycle, metastasis and other processes. Studying changes in the intracellular content of HIF-2α and the transcriptional activity of HIF-2 will allow us to develop effective methods for correcting various diseases accompanied by systemic and local oxygen deficiency.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-87-92
V. I. Podoluzhnyi, A. Startsev, Yu.A. Kokoulina, I. Radionov
Aim. To evaluate the incidence and causes of peptic ulcers of the gastrojejunal anastomosis to develop the corresponding preventive measures.Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analysed the case histories of the patients with peptic ulcer who have been admitted to our surgical unit during 1981-1996 and 2007-2021. A total of 62 patients with peptic ulcers of the anastomosis who underwent Billroth II resection were examined radiographically, endoscopically, and intraoperatively, including proteolysis and acidity measurements.Results. While the number of gastric operations has been reduced by 86%, the number of treated peptic anastomotic ulcers decreased by only 20%. The main cause of peptic ulcers was the high acidity and proteolytic activity of the gastric stump. In 22 out of 28 fully examined patients, duodenal ulcer was treated by hemiresection. The incidence of peptic ulcers of gastrojejunal anastomosis in Kemerovo in 2021 was 0.9 per 100,000 population, with 3.7 Billroth II surgeries per 100,000 population. A resection without vagotomy and insufficient acid reduction are the main causes of peptic ulcers of the gastrointestinal anastomosis, especially duodenal ulcers.Conclusion. A significant decrease in the number of distal resections of the stomach according to Billroth II over the past 25 years is not accompanied by a similar decline in the number of hospitalized patients with peptic ulcers of the gastrojejunal anastomosis.
{"title":"Peptic ulcer of gastrojejunal anastomosis: an undeservedly neglected problem","authors":"V. I. Podoluzhnyi, A. Startsev, Yu.A. Kokoulina, I. Radionov","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-87-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-87-92","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate the incidence and causes of peptic ulcers of the gastrojejunal anastomosis to develop the corresponding preventive measures.Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analysed the case histories of the patients with peptic ulcer who have been admitted to our surgical unit during 1981-1996 and 2007-2021. A total of 62 patients with peptic ulcers of the anastomosis who underwent Billroth II resection were examined radiographically, endoscopically, and intraoperatively, including proteolysis and acidity measurements.Results. While the number of gastric operations has been reduced by 86%, the number of treated peptic anastomotic ulcers decreased by only 20%. The main cause of peptic ulcers was the high acidity and proteolytic activity of the gastric stump. In 22 out of 28 fully examined patients, duodenal ulcer was treated by hemiresection. The incidence of peptic ulcers of gastrojejunal anastomosis in Kemerovo in 2021 was 0.9 per 100,000 population, with 3.7 Billroth II surgeries per 100,000 population. A resection without vagotomy and insufficient acid reduction are the main causes of peptic ulcers of the gastrointestinal anastomosis, especially duodenal ulcers.Conclusion. A significant decrease in the number of distal resections of the stomach according to Billroth II over the past 25 years is not accompanied by a similar decline in the number of hospitalized patients with peptic ulcers of the gastrojejunal anastomosis.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73912613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-53-66
A. V. Meyer, M. V. Ulyanova, D. O. Imekina, A. D. Padyukova, T. A. Tolochko, E. A. Astafieva, M. Lavryashina
Aim. Formation of polymorphic variants panel of the proteasome genes 20S, potentially significant for the study as balance modifier factors of p105/p50 NFKB1.Materials and methods. Determination of genes that encode proteins of the multisubunit proteasome complex prospective for research purposes, was carried out on the basis of information retrieved from eLIBRARY and PubMed. The source of information for the formation of polymorphic variants panel of genes (SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism) was the Ensembl genomic browser, http://www.ensembl.org. The structure of genes is described by the NCBI (databases Gene, http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene). The panel was filled with the minor allelic frequency in the population (MAF), the localization of SNP in the gene structure and the availability of data on the relationship with multifactorial diseases and other effects in mind. To calculate the genetic distances between populations, we used the methord of comparing the populations by frequencies of polymorphic marker alleles proposed by Ney, the obtained matrices are illustrated by the method of multidimensional scaling in space using Statistica v.8.0.Results. Discussion of the algorithm and results of analytical screening of polymorphic variants of 14 genes (PSMA1-PSMA7, PSMB1–PSMB7) encoding proteasome subunits 20S. The characteristics of the SNP panel are given, compiled with the selection criteria taken into account. According to the data on the frequencies of polymorphic gene variants, the features of global and European population gene pools (283 SNP), as well as samples from Russian populations (20 SNP) are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis of information on the associations of selected SNPs with various diseases, a panel (42 SNPs) of 20S proteasome genes was formed, potentially significant for the study as factors modifying the p105/p50 NFKB1 balance.Conclusion. Annotation of the formed panel of SNP genes of the 20S proteasome with MAF>0.1 indicates the potential role of polymorphism in the pathogenesis of diseases of various profiles. This may be of research interest to the formed panel in context of implementation of traditional approaches – the search for candidate genes based on the analysis of associations with diseases, as well as the analysis of the influence of SNP on the level of genetic expression, synthesis of gene products, NFKB1 processing and p105/p50 balance in silico and on model objects.
{"title":"Analytical screening of polymorphic variants of 20S proteasome genes when planning a study of pathogenetic effects of modification of NFKB1 post-translational processing","authors":"A. V. Meyer, M. V. Ulyanova, D. O. Imekina, A. D. Padyukova, T. A. Tolochko, E. A. Astafieva, M. Lavryashina","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-53-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-53-66","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Formation of polymorphic variants panel of the proteasome genes 20S, potentially significant for the study as balance modifier factors of p105/p50 NFKB1.Materials and methods. Determination of genes that encode proteins of the multisubunit proteasome complex prospective for research purposes, was carried out on the basis of information retrieved from eLIBRARY and PubMed. The source of information for the formation of polymorphic variants panel of genes (SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism) was the Ensembl genomic browser, http://www.ensembl.org. The structure of genes is described by the NCBI (databases Gene, http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene). The panel was filled with the minor allelic frequency in the population (MAF), the localization of SNP in the gene structure and the availability of data on the relationship with multifactorial diseases and other effects in mind. To calculate the genetic distances between populations, we used the methord of comparing the populations by frequencies of polymorphic marker alleles proposed by Ney, the obtained matrices are illustrated by the method of multidimensional scaling in space using Statistica v.8.0.Results. Discussion of the algorithm and results of analytical screening of polymorphic variants of 14 genes (PSMA1-PSMA7, PSMB1–PSMB7) encoding proteasome subunits 20S. The characteristics of the SNP panel are given, compiled with the selection criteria taken into account. According to the data on the frequencies of polymorphic gene variants, the features of global and European population gene pools (283 SNP), as well as samples from Russian populations (20 SNP) are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis of information on the associations of selected SNPs with various diseases, a panel (42 SNPs) of 20S proteasome genes was formed, potentially significant for the study as factors modifying the p105/p50 NFKB1 balance.Conclusion. Annotation of the formed panel of SNP genes of the 20S proteasome with MAF>0.1 indicates the potential role of polymorphism in the pathogenesis of diseases of various profiles. This may be of research interest to the formed panel in context of implementation of traditional approaches – the search for candidate genes based on the analysis of associations with diseases, as well as the analysis of the influence of SNP on the level of genetic expression, synthesis of gene products, NFKB1 processing and p105/p50 balance in silico and on model objects.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"296 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86646072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-110-119
I. M. Ordiyants, Z. Zyukina, D. Novginov, D. R. Asatryan
Here we provide the recent information on the molecular profile of the endometrium and highlight the pathogenesis of infertility occurring during endometriosis. Because of individual features of each woman’s organism, there are no versatile diagnostic criteria for determining endometrial receptivity which plays one of the leading roles in implantation disorders. Although a lot of studies on the gene expression in endometriosis have been published to date, intricate gene-gene and gene-environment interactions frequently balance inherited or acquired alterations of gene expression in the endometrium. Hence, investigation of entire cell signaling pathways is preferrable over the general expression of gene expression within the endometrium. As eutopic and ectopic endometrium have largely similar histological appearance, the development of a single diagnostic test remains an unmet clinical need. Therefore, it is urgent to search for novel, evidence-based criteria for timely prediction and early diagnosis of endometriosis-associated infertility using minimally invasive examination methods.
{"title":"Modern concepts o f endometrial receptivity in endometriosis-associated infertility (analytical review)","authors":"I. M. Ordiyants, Z. Zyukina, D. Novginov, D. R. Asatryan","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-110-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-110-119","url":null,"abstract":"Here we provide the recent information on the molecular profile of the endometrium and highlight the pathogenesis of infertility occurring during endometriosis. Because of individual features of each woman’s organism, there are no versatile diagnostic criteria for determining endometrial receptivity which plays one of the leading roles in implantation disorders. Although a lot of studies on the gene expression in endometriosis have been published to date, intricate gene-gene and gene-environment interactions frequently balance inherited or acquired alterations of gene expression in the endometrium. Hence, investigation of entire cell signaling pathways is preferrable over the general expression of gene expression within the endometrium. As eutopic and ectopic endometrium have largely similar histological appearance, the development of a single diagnostic test remains an unmet clinical need. Therefore, it is urgent to search for novel, evidence-based criteria for timely prediction and early diagnosis of endometriosis-associated infertility using minimally invasive examination methods.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88718273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-120-128
M. Leffad, N. M. Startseva, S. Semyatov, A. S. Anikeev, M. I. Sviridova
Aim. To perform a systematic review of common risk factors and prognostic markers of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypothyroidism (HT), as well as maternal and perinatal complications in these diseases. For achieving this task, we screened and analysed the relevant data from the publications in a PubMed database over the past 6 years.Key Points. A common risk factor for both diseases is obesity, which is characterized by pregestational insulin resistance, as well as the combination of by low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction termed as meta-inflammation. Antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) are associated with the reduced the risk of GDM. Studies on pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia in patients with GDM and HT have shown unequivocal results, although most of them suggest both HT and GDM as risk factors for the development of this pregnancy complication. Elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone are associated with reduced antioxidant capacity and long-term endothelial activation. The heterogeneity of the anemia in GDM requires a rigorous differential diagnosis.Conclusion. GDM and HT are the most common endocrine diseases during pregnancy which significantly increase the risk of maternal and perinatal complications. Common risk factors, interrelationship, and ambiguous data on GDM and HT development mechanisms indicate the need for screening and detailed monitoring of patients with thyroid dysfunction for early detection and correction of hyperglycemia.
{"title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism: two sides of the same coin","authors":"M. Leffad, N. M. Startseva, S. Semyatov, A. S. Anikeev, M. I. Sviridova","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-120-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-120-128","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To perform a systematic review of common risk factors and prognostic markers of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypothyroidism (HT), as well as maternal and perinatal complications in these diseases. For achieving this task, we screened and analysed the relevant data from the publications in a PubMed database over the past 6 years.Key Points. A common risk factor for both diseases is obesity, which is characterized by pregestational insulin resistance, as well as the combination of by low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction termed as meta-inflammation. Antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) are associated with the reduced the risk of GDM. Studies on pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia in patients with GDM and HT have shown unequivocal results, although most of them suggest both HT and GDM as risk factors for the development of this pregnancy complication. Elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone are associated with reduced antioxidant capacity and long-term endothelial activation. The heterogeneity of the anemia in GDM requires a rigorous differential diagnosis.Conclusion. GDM and HT are the most common endocrine diseases during pregnancy which significantly increase the risk of maternal and perinatal complications. Common risk factors, interrelationship, and ambiguous data on GDM and HT development mechanisms indicate the need for screening and detailed monitoring of patients with thyroid dysfunction for early detection and correction of hyperglycemia.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88857479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-93-109
V. Kashtalap, R. Velieva, D. Sedykh, O. Barbarash
Aim. To identify predictors of ischemic and hemorrhagic events in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) after 18 months of follow-up.Material and Methods. The single-center prospective study included 478 patients with MI. The exclusion criteria were as follows: age < 18 years; MI as a complication of myocardial revascularization; atrial fibrillation; intake of anticoagulants after MI. During inpatient treatment, the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic events was calculated according to the PRECISE-DAPT score, GRACE hospital discharge risk score, CRUSADE bleeding score. After 18 months, we evaluated the rate of ischemic (cardiovascular death, unstable angina, life-threatening arrhythmia, non-fatal MI and stroke, acute decompensated heart failure, elective repeated and/ or emergency revascularization) and haemorrhagic events and the amount of corresponding therapy.Results. At 18 months post-MI, patients were at high risk of developing both ischemic events (cardiovascular death: 32.0%; recurrent MI: 16.3%; repeated myocardial revascularization: 18.5%; unstable angina: 13.8%; stroke: 3.6%) and hemorrhagic events (bleeding rate of 39.7% according to the TIMI score), most of which occurred during the first 12 months post-MI. Double antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) was prescribed to 86.5% patients upon discharge (including a triple antithrombotic therapy in 8.6% patients). Patient adherence to treatment was 66.7% and 60.6% at 6 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively. After 18 months, DAPT was prescribed exclusively to patients suffered from recurrent ischemic events or those who underwent repeated myocardial revascularization (17.4% patients in total). The main reason to cancel DAPT was bleeding, although it was minor in most cases. Predictors of ischemic events (fatal and non-fatal) at 18 months of follow-up were PRECISE- DAPT score (odds ratio (OR) = 1.108, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.054-1.164, р < 0.001), GRACE score (OR = 1.032, 95% CI = 1.016-1.048, р < 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% (OR = 4.256, 95% CI = 1.510-12.001, р = 0.006). Predictors of hemorrhagic events at 18-month follow-up were PRECISE-DAPT score (OR = 1.025, 95% CI = 1.009-1.041, р = 0.002), peripheral artery disease (PAD) (OR = 2.459, 95% CI = 1.365-4.428, р = 0.003), intake of sulfonylurea for diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.523, 95% CI = 1.266-5.028; р = 0.009), unsuccessful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or conservative treatment of MI (OR = 3.792, 95% CI = 1.799-7.996, р < 0.001).Conclusion. Predictors of ischemic events (fatal and non-fatal) in the long-term period after MI include PRECISE-DAPT and GRACE scores, and LVEF below 40%. Predictors of hemorrhagic events at 18-month follow-up were PRECISE- DAPT scores, PAD, taking sulfonylurea for diabetes mellitus, unsuccessful PCI or conservative treatment of MI.
的目标。在18个月的随访后，确定心肌梗死(MI)患者的缺血和出血性事件的预测因素。材料和方法。单中心前瞻性研究纳入478例心肌梗死患者，排除标准如下:年龄< 18岁;心肌血运重建术并发心肌梗死心房颤动;在住院治疗期间，根据precision - dapt评分、GRACE出院风险评分、CRUSADE出血评分计算缺血性和出血性事件的风险。18个月后，我们评估了缺血性(心血管死亡、不稳定性心绞痛、危及生命的心律失常、非致命性心肌梗死和中风、急性失代偿性心力衰竭、选择性重复和/或紧急血运重建)和出血事件的发生率以及相应的治疗量。心肌梗死后18个月，患者发生两种缺血性事件的风险都很高(心血管死亡:32.0%;复发性心肌梗死:16.3%;反复心肌血运重建术:18.5%;不稳定型心绞痛:13.8%;卒中:3.6%)和出血事件(根据TIMI评分，出血率为39.7%)，其中大多数发生在心肌梗死后的前12个月。86.5%的患者在出院时接受双重抗血小板治疗(DAPT)(包括8.6%的患者接受三重抗血栓治疗)。随访6个月和12个月时，患者对治疗的依从性分别为66.7%和60.6%。18个月后，DAPT仅用于复发性缺血事件或反复心肌血运重建术患者(占患者总数的17.4%)。取消DAPT的主要原因是出血，尽管在大多数情况下是轻微的。18个月随访时缺血性事件(致死性和非致死性)的预测因子为:PRECISE- DAPT评分(优势比(OR) = 1.108, 95%可信区间(CI) = 1.054-1.164, r < 0.001)、GRACE评分(OR = 1.032, 95% CI = 1.016-1.048, r < 0.001)、左室射血分数(LVEF) < 40% (OR = 4.256, 95% CI = 1.510-12.001, r = 0.006)。18个月随访时出血事件的预测因子为precision - dapt评分(OR = 1.025, 95% CI = 1.009-1.041, r = 0.002)、外周动脉疾病(PAD) (OR = 2.459, 95% CI = 1.365-4.428, r = 0.003)、糖尿病患者磺脲类药物的摄入(OR = 2.523, 95% CI = 1.266-5.028;不成功的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)或保守治疗心肌梗死(or = 3.792, 95% CI = 1.799 ~ 7.996, r < 0.001)。心肌梗死后长期缺血事件(致死性和非致死性)的预测因子包括precision - dapt和GRACE评分，LVEF低于40%。18个月随访时出血事件的预测因子为PRECISE- DAPT评分、PAD、因糖尿病服用磺脲类药物、不成功的PCI或心肌梗死保守治疗。
{"title":"Predictors of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications in patients with myocardial infarction at 18-month follow-up: a single-center registry study","authors":"V. Kashtalap, R. Velieva, D. Sedykh, O. Barbarash","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-93-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-93-109","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To identify predictors of ischemic and hemorrhagic events in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) after 18 months of follow-up.Material and Methods. The single-center prospective study included 478 patients with MI. The exclusion criteria were as follows: age < 18 years; MI as a complication of myocardial revascularization; atrial fibrillation; intake of anticoagulants after MI. During inpatient treatment, the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic events was calculated according to the PRECISE-DAPT score, GRACE hospital discharge risk score, CRUSADE bleeding score. After 18 months, we evaluated the rate of ischemic (cardiovascular death, unstable angina, life-threatening arrhythmia, non-fatal MI and stroke, acute decompensated heart failure, elective repeated and/ or emergency revascularization) and haemorrhagic events and the amount of corresponding therapy.Results. At 18 months post-MI, patients were at high risk of developing both ischemic events (cardiovascular death: 32.0%; recurrent MI: 16.3%; repeated myocardial revascularization: 18.5%; unstable angina: 13.8%; stroke: 3.6%) and hemorrhagic events (bleeding rate of 39.7% according to the TIMI score), most of which occurred during the first 12 months post-MI. Double antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) was prescribed to 86.5% patients upon discharge (including a triple antithrombotic therapy in 8.6% patients). Patient adherence to treatment was 66.7% and 60.6% at 6 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively. After 18 months, DAPT was prescribed exclusively to patients suffered from recurrent ischemic events or those who underwent repeated myocardial revascularization (17.4% patients in total). The main reason to cancel DAPT was bleeding, although it was minor in most cases. Predictors of ischemic events (fatal and non-fatal) at 18 months of follow-up were PRECISE- DAPT score (odds ratio (OR) = 1.108, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.054-1.164, р < 0.001), GRACE score (OR = 1.032, 95% CI = 1.016-1.048, р < 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% (OR = 4.256, 95% CI = 1.510-12.001, р = 0.006). Predictors of hemorrhagic events at 18-month follow-up were PRECISE-DAPT score (OR = 1.025, 95% CI = 1.009-1.041, р = 0.002), peripheral artery disease (PAD) (OR = 2.459, 95% CI = 1.365-4.428, р = 0.003), intake of sulfonylurea for diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.523, 95% CI = 1.266-5.028; р = 0.009), unsuccessful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or conservative treatment of MI (OR = 3.792, 95% CI = 1.799-7.996, р < 0.001).Conclusion. Predictors of ischemic events (fatal and non-fatal) in the long-term period after MI include PRECISE-DAPT and GRACE scores, and LVEF below 40%. Predictors of hemorrhagic events at 18-month follow-up were PRECISE- DAPT scores, PAD, taking sulfonylurea for diabetes mellitus, unsuccessful PCI or conservative treatment of MI.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89901531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-67-76
D. Y. Ivanov, O. M. Drozdova, Y. Zakharova, E. Te, O. A. Shelepanova
Aim. To study the airborne transmission of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) in medical care workers of dental clinics.Materials and Methods. We developed a simulation model in which the bacteriophage E. coli, which is a part of the drug "Intesti-bacteriophage", was used as a model of the virus. The host bacterium was Escherichia coli strain M-17, which is part of the Kolibakterin drug. The phage titer according to Appelman was 10-5 plaque-forming units per mL. The experiment was conducted in outpatient care dental office with the participation of medical care workers and implied the contamination of the dental dummy oral cavity by the bacteriophage (A-Dec Simulator REF: 4820) during the treatment of tooth decay by means of aerosol-generating technologies and further detection of the bacteriophage in the environment. Bacteriophage spread was evaluated in 5 series of experiments by collecting the samples from dental office air (n = 50), surfaces of equipment (n = 90), and personal protective equipment of a dentist (n = 80).Results. We found an intensive contamination by bacteriophages during the treatment of tooth decay with the use of aerosol-generating technologies. Phage was isolated in all air samples in the treatment area (100.00% [95% CI 47.82-134.48]) and in 20% of samples at a distance of 160 cm (near the exit). Bacteriophages spread by air currents contaminated the personal protective equipment: protective glasses, gloves, and sleeves of a robe in 100.00% [95% CI 47.82-134.48]) of samples. We have also found a frequent contamination of the inner surface of glasses (40.00% [95% CI 5.27-85.34]) and a medical mask (80.00% [95% CI 28.36-99.49]).Conclusion. We developed a model to study the airborne transmission of ARVI pathogens spread during dental care. Intensive phage contamination of the dental office air and personal protective equipment has been established. A detailed study of the airborne transmission of ARVIs is necessary to improve their prevention in dental workers.
的目标。目的研究口腔门诊医护人员急性呼吸道病毒感染(ARVIs)的空气传播情况。材料与方法。我们开发了一个模拟模型，其中噬菌体大肠杆菌是药物“肠道噬菌体”的一部分，作为病毒的模型。宿主细菌是大肠杆菌M-17菌株，它是Kolibakterin药物的一部分。根据Appelman测定的噬菌体滴度为10-5个菌斑形成单位/ mL。实验在门诊牙科诊所进行，有医护人员参与，通过气溶胶生成技术和进一步检测环境中噬菌体在治疗蛀牙过程中被噬菌体(A-Dec Simulator REF: 4820)污染。通过收集牙科诊所空气(n = 50)、设备表面(n = 90)和牙医个人防护装备(n = 80)的样本，对噬菌体的传播进行了5个系列的实验。我们发现，在使用气溶胶产生技术治疗蛀牙期间，噬菌体受到严重污染。在处理区所有空气样本中均分离出噬菌体(100.00% [95% CI 47.82-134.48])，在距离160 cm(出口附近)的20%样本中分离出噬菌体。通过气流传播的噬菌体污染了个人防护装备:防护眼镜、手套和长袍袖子(100.00% [95% CI 47.82-134.48])。我们还发现经常污染眼镜内表面(40.00% [95% CI 5.27-85.34])和医用口罩(80.00% [95% CI 28.36-99.49])。我们开发了一个模型来研究ARVI病原体在牙科护理期间的空气传播。牙科诊所的空气和个人防护设备已被噬菌体严重污染。对ARVIs的空气传播进行详细的研究，对提高对ARVIs的预防是必要的。
{"title":"Simulation of acute respiratory viral infections pathogen spread in dentists","authors":"D. Y. Ivanov, O. M. Drozdova, Y. Zakharova, E. Te, O. A. Shelepanova","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-67-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-67-76","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the airborne transmission of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) in medical care workers of dental clinics.Materials and Methods. We developed a simulation model in which the bacteriophage E. coli, which is a part of the drug \"Intesti-bacteriophage\", was used as a model of the virus. The host bacterium was Escherichia coli strain M-17, which is part of the Kolibakterin drug. The phage titer according to Appelman was 10-5 plaque-forming units per mL. The experiment was conducted in outpatient care dental office with the participation of medical care workers and implied the contamination of the dental dummy oral cavity by the bacteriophage (A-Dec Simulator REF: 4820) during the treatment of tooth decay by means of aerosol-generating technologies and further detection of the bacteriophage in the environment. Bacteriophage spread was evaluated in 5 series of experiments by collecting the samples from dental office air (n = 50), surfaces of equipment (n = 90), and personal protective equipment of a dentist (n = 80).Results. We found an intensive contamination by bacteriophages during the treatment of tooth decay with the use of aerosol-generating technologies. Phage was isolated in all air samples in the treatment area (100.00% [95% CI 47.82-134.48]) and in 20% of samples at a distance of 160 cm (near the exit). Bacteriophages spread by air currents contaminated the personal protective equipment: protective glasses, gloves, and sleeves of a robe in 100.00% [95% CI 47.82-134.48]) of samples. We have also found a frequent contamination of the inner surface of glasses (40.00% [95% CI 5.27-85.34]) and a medical mask (80.00% [95% CI 28.36-99.49]).Conclusion. We developed a model to study the airborne transmission of ARVI pathogens spread during dental care. Intensive phage contamination of the dental office air and personal protective equipment has been established. A detailed study of the airborne transmission of ARVIs is necessary to improve their prevention in dental workers.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79605678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-77-86
O. N. Kruch, D. V. Turchaninov, E. A. Vilms, N. G. Shirlina
Aim. To assessment the prevalence of cancer risk factors in various population groups of the Omsk region.Materials and Methods. The descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study included residents of the Omsk region (n = 542) aged 18 to 83 years. To obtain the data, we performed a survey which included questionnaires on the daily patterns and frequency of food consumption, eating habits, and health status. In addition, we assessed the prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family history of cancer, overweight.Results. At least one of the studied risk factors was present in 80.1 ± 1.7% of the adult population, including 84.9% of men and 76.3% of women (p = 0.030). The most common factors were: excessive consumption (> 500 g/week) of red and processed meat (55.8 ± 2.1%), overweight (53.6 ± 2.1%), excessive consumption of dietary salt (44.2 ± 2.1%), frequent alcohol consumption (39.3 ± 2.1%), and low physical activity (29.8 ± 2.1%). The smoking was more prevalent in the male population (37.0 ± 3.13%). Although overall alcohol consumption was below the Russian average, excessive alcohol consumption was still found in 21.9% of men and 12.8% of women. The combination of smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol was also more frequent in male population (26.8 ± 2.1%). The proportion of people with consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits < 500 g/day (including potatoes) was 42.6 ± 2.12%. The content of dietary fiber in the diet in an amount < 20 g/day was noted in 57.8 ± 2.1% of the study participants. In men, the average daily salt intake was significantly higher compared to women (6.24 g and 5.20 g, respectively; p = 0.001).Conclusion. The prevalence of cancer risk factors among the residents of the Omsk region was assessed as high and generally does not tend to decrease.
{"title":"Prevalence of oncopatology risk factors among residents of the Omsk region","authors":"O. N. Kruch, D. V. Turchaninov, E. A. Vilms, N. G. Shirlina","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-77-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-77-86","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assessment the prevalence of cancer risk factors in various population groups of the Omsk region.Materials and Methods. The descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study included residents of the Omsk region (n = 542) aged 18 to 83 years. To obtain the data, we performed a survey which included questionnaires on the daily patterns and frequency of food consumption, eating habits, and health status. In addition, we assessed the prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family history of cancer, overweight.Results. At least one of the studied risk factors was present in 80.1 ± 1.7% of the adult population, including 84.9% of men and 76.3% of women (p = 0.030). The most common factors were: excessive consumption (> 500 g/week) of red and processed meat (55.8 ± 2.1%), overweight (53.6 ± 2.1%), excessive consumption of dietary salt (44.2 ± 2.1%), frequent alcohol consumption (39.3 ± 2.1%), and low physical activity (29.8 ± 2.1%). The smoking was more prevalent in the male population (37.0 ± 3.13%). Although overall alcohol consumption was below the Russian average, excessive alcohol consumption was still found in 21.9% of men and 12.8% of women. The combination of smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol was also more frequent in male population (26.8 ± 2.1%). The proportion of people with consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits < 500 g/day (including potatoes) was 42.6 ± 2.12%. The content of dietary fiber in the diet in an amount < 20 g/day was noted in 57.8 ± 2.1% of the study participants. In men, the average daily salt intake was significantly higher compared to women (6.24 g and 5.20 g, respectively; p = 0.001).Conclusion. The prevalence of cancer risk factors among the residents of the Omsk region was assessed as high and generally does not tend to decrease.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84358540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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