Gene最新文献

As an important food and feed crop, cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.) exhibits excellent resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, making it a valuable genetic resource for wheat improvement. However, the functions of phytochromes in rye remain poorly characterized. Here, we cloned and characterized PhyB from the Weining rye variety (ScPhyB). The predicted protein contains conserved phytochrome domains-PAS, GAF, PHY, and HATPase-and phylogenetic analysis revealed that ScPhyB is most closely related to wheat TaPhyB, with both belonging to the monocot clade. Promoter analysis identified multiple cis-acting elements related to hormone response, meristem expression, low temperature responsiveness, light response, and MYB binding. Heterologous expression of ScPhyB in Arabidopsis enhanced photomorphogenesis under white light (WL), red light (R), and blue light (B). Furthermore, ScPhyB attenuated shade avoidance responses to 70 % and 90 % of wildtype seedlings measured by hypocotyl length by perceiving high and low R/FR red to far-red (R/FR) light ratio, respectively. ScPhyB also modulated plant architecture and delayed flowering (6-7d) by repressing FT expression. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays and split-luciferase (LUC) assay confirmed that ScPhyB interacts with both ScPIF3 and ScCOP1, indicating functional conservation within the PIF signaling pathway and the COP1-SPA1 complex. Our findings provide insight into the role of ScPhyB in light signaling and suggest its potential utility for improving crop traits.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a high-throughput technology capable of determining the sequence of nucleotides in the genome. Over the past few years, the advent of NGS-based methods has provided timely and economical approaches for diagnosing and screening genetic conditions throughout an individual's lifespan, and prenatal period. Prenatal screening for congenital abnormalities has opened the door to reducing the incidence of genetic disorders. Early detection of genetic diseases using NGS-based methods enables better management of these conditions, thereby improving the quality of life for patients. NGS has also played a pivotal role in pharmacogenetics and drug delivery, facilitating a more personalized approach to medicine. NGS-based methods are increasingly being utilized in genome editing to provide essential information that enhances the precision and effectiveness of editing techniques. This review presents information on how various NGS-based methods function from a technical perspective. Furthermore, we will explore the applications and benefits of these methods in the fields of diagnosis, screening, pharmacogenetics, and genome editing.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative neuronal disorder that involves the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in severe motor and non-motor impairments. Key pathological hallmarks include the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein and mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging evidence indicates that innate immune signalling, particularly the cGAS-STING pathway, contributes to PD pathogenesis. It acts as a cytosolic DNA sensor; cGAS can recognise genomic instability or mitochondrial damage by generating an IFN-I response through STING activation. Persistent stimulation of the cGAS-STING pathway in microglia promotes chronic neuroinflammation and contributes to dopaminergic neuronal loss. Mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired DNA repair, and α-Synuclein aggregation may converge to sustain pathway activation, establishing a self-reinforcing cycle of inflammation and neurodegeneration. Understanding the interaction of cGAS-STING signalling, mitochondrial integrity, and protein aggregation offers important mechanistic insights into PD pathology. It suggests meaningful targets for disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for PD that address neuroinflammation and neuronal survival.