Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1404236
Jie Song, Lei Chen, Zukun Lu, Baiyu Li, Zhe Liu, Zhihao Xue, Guangfu Sun, Wenhong Liu
Evaluating the computational complexity is critical for assessing the time-domain anti-jamming performance of GNSS receivers. The multiplier is the core component that contributes to the computational complexity in time-domain anti-jamming. However, current algorithms aimed at reducing the complexity of time-domain anti-jamming typically concentrate on shortening the filter length, which fails to address the high computational complexity introduced by the use of multipliers. This paper introduces a cascaded multiplier-free approach for implementing time-domain anti-jamming in navigation receivers. We propose a numerical power decomposition technique based on optimal Canonical Signed Digit coding and coefficient decomposition. By substituting the multiplier with minimal adder and shift operations, the computational complexity of the anti-jamming filter with a high quantization bit-width can be considerably decreased. An optimization strategy is presented, and the low-complexity multiplier-free technique is applied to the time-domain anti-jamming filter. Compared to the traditional Canonical Signed Digit multiplier-free technique, our method can reduce the components required for a 12-bit quantization anti-interference filter by one adder, 20 shift operations, and five coded word lengths, while maintaining a pseudo-range measurement deviation below 0.27 ns.
评估计算复杂度对于评估全球导航卫星系统接收器的时域抗干扰性能至关重要。乘法器是造成时域抗干扰计算复杂性的核心部件。然而，目前旨在降低时域抗干扰复杂度的算法通常集中在缩短滤波器长度上，无法解决使用乘法器带来的高计算复杂度问题。本文介绍了一种在导航接收机中实现时域抗干扰的级联无乘法器方法。我们提出了一种基于最佳 Canonical Signed Digit 编码和系数分解的数值功率分解技术。通过用最小的加法器和移位操作代替乘法器，可以大大降低高量化位宽的抗干扰滤波器的计算复杂度。本文提出了一种优化策略，并将低复杂度无乘法器技术应用于时域抗干扰滤波器。与传统的 Canonical Signed Digit 免乘法器技术相比，我们的方法可以将 12 位量化抗干扰滤波器所需的元件减少一个加法器、20 次移位运算和 5 个编码字长，同时将伪量程测量偏差保持在 0.27 ns 以下。
{"title":"Cascaded multiplier-free implementation of adaptive anti-jamming filter based on GNSS receiver","authors":"Jie Song, Lei Chen, Zukun Lu, Baiyu Li, Zhe Liu, Zhihao Xue, Guangfu Sun, Wenhong Liu","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1404236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1404236","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating the computational complexity is critical for assessing the time-domain anti-jamming performance of GNSS receivers. The multiplier is the core component that contributes to the computational complexity in time-domain anti-jamming. However, current algorithms aimed at reducing the complexity of time-domain anti-jamming typically concentrate on shortening the filter length, which fails to address the high computational complexity introduced by the use of multipliers. This paper introduces a cascaded multiplier-free approach for implementing time-domain anti-jamming in navigation receivers. We propose a numerical power decomposition technique based on optimal Canonical Signed Digit coding and coefficient decomposition. By substituting the multiplier with minimal adder and shift operations, the computational complexity of the anti-jamming filter with a high quantization bit-width can be considerably decreased. An optimization strategy is presented, and the low-complexity multiplier-free technique is applied to the time-domain anti-jamming filter. Compared to the traditional Canonical Signed Digit multiplier-free technique, our method can reduce the components required for a 12-bit quantization anti-interference filter by one adder, 20 shift operations, and five coded word lengths, while maintaining a pseudo-range measurement deviation below 0.27 ns.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1393435
Keyao Song, Han Li, Yang Li, Jiayao Ma, Xiang Zhou
Origami structures with morphing behaviours and unique mechanical properties are useful in aerospace deployable structures, soft robots and mechanical metamaterials. Curved-crease origami, as one of the variants in the origami family, has a curve that connects two vertices as a crease compared to the straight crease counterpart. This feature couples the crease folding and facet bending during the folding process, providing versatile design space of mechanical metamaterials with tunable stiffness, multi-stability properties and morphing behaviours. However, current design techniques are mostly for simple geometries with intuitive construction, the modelling technique focuses on using the conventional finite element method, and the intrinsically complex geometries make specimens difficult to manufacture, which further hinders the development of curved-crease origami structures. Thus, it is valuable to review the state-of-the-art in curved-crease origami. This paper presents a review on the design methodology, analytical methods, and applications of curved-crease origami over the years, discusses their strengths, identifies future challenges and provides an outlook for the future development of the curved-crease origami concept.
{"title":"A review of curved crease origami: design, analysis, and applications","authors":"Keyao Song, Han Li, Yang Li, Jiayao Ma, Xiang Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1393435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1393435","url":null,"abstract":"Origami structures with morphing behaviours and unique mechanical properties are useful in aerospace deployable structures, soft robots and mechanical metamaterials. Curved-crease origami, as one of the variants in the origami family, has a curve that connects two vertices as a crease compared to the straight crease counterpart. This feature couples the crease folding and facet bending during the folding process, providing versatile design space of mechanical metamaterials with tunable stiffness, multi-stability properties and morphing behaviours. However, current design techniques are mostly for simple geometries with intuitive construction, the modelling technique focuses on using the conventional finite element method, and the intrinsically complex geometries make specimens difficult to manufacture, which further hinders the development of curved-crease origami structures. Thus, it is valuable to review the state-of-the-art in curved-crease origami. This paper presents a review on the design methodology, analytical methods, and applications of curved-crease origami over the years, discusses their strengths, identifies future challenges and provides an outlook for the future development of the curved-crease origami concept.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1398393
Ke Song, Jing Feng, Duo Chen
Ultrasound imaging has a history of several decades. With its non-invasive, low-cost advantages, this technology has been widely used in medicine and there have been many significant breakthroughs in ultrasound imaging. Even so, there are still some drawbacks. Therefore, some novel image reconstruction and image analysis algorithms have been proposed to solve these problems. Although these new solutions have some effects, many of them introduce some other side effects, such as high computational complexity in beamforming. At the same time, the usage requirements of medical ultrasound equipment are relatively high, and it is not very user-friendly for inexperienced beginners. As artificial intelligence technology advances, some researchers have initiated efforts to deploy deep learning to address challenges in ultrasound imaging, such as reducing computational complexity in adaptive beamforming and aiding novices in image acquisition. In this survey, we are about to explore the application of deep learning in medical ultrasound imaging, spanning from image reconstruction to clinical diagnosis.
{"title":"A survey on deep learning in medical ultrasound imaging","authors":"Ke Song, Jing Feng, Duo Chen","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1398393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1398393","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound imaging has a history of several decades. With its non-invasive, low-cost advantages, this technology has been widely used in medicine and there have been many significant breakthroughs in ultrasound imaging. Even so, there are still some drawbacks. Therefore, some novel image reconstruction and image analysis algorithms have been proposed to solve these problems. Although these new solutions have some effects, many of them introduce some other side effects, such as high computational complexity in beamforming. At the same time, the usage requirements of medical ultrasound equipment are relatively high, and it is not very user-friendly for inexperienced beginners. As artificial intelligence technology advances, some researchers have initiated efforts to deploy deep learning to address challenges in ultrasound imaging, such as reducing computational complexity in adaptive beamforming and aiding novices in image acquisition. In this survey, we are about to explore the application of deep learning in medical ultrasound imaging, spanning from image reconstruction to clinical diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Within the context of contemporary society, the propagation of information is often subject to the influence of inter-individual connectivity, and individuals may exhibit divergent receptive attitudes towards identical information, a phenomenon denoted as the Hesitant-Common (HECO) trait. In light of this, the present study initially constructs a propagation network model devoid of correlation configurations to investigate the HECO characteristics within weighted social networks. Subsequently, the study employs a theoretical framework for edge partitioning, predicated on edge weights and HECO traits, to quantitatively analyze the mechanisms of individual information dissemination. Theoretical analyses and simulation outcomes consistently demonstrate that an augmentation in the proportion of common individuals facilitates both the diffusion and adoption of information. Concurrently, a phase transition crossover is observed, wherein the growth pattern of the ultimate adoption range, denoted as R(∞), transitions from a first-order discontinuous phase transition to a second-order continuous phase transition as the proportion of common individuals increases. An escalation in the weight distribution exponent is found to enhance information propagation. Furthermore, a reduction in the heterogeneity of degree distribution is conducive to the spread of information. Conversely, an increase in degree distribution heterogeneity and a diminution in the collective decision-making capacity can both exert inhibitory effects on the propagation of information.
{"title":"Information propagation characteristic by individual hesitant-common trend on weighted network","authors":"Jianlin Jia, Yuwen Huang, Wanting Zhang, Yanyan Chen","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1410089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1410089","url":null,"abstract":"Within the context of contemporary society, the propagation of information is often subject to the influence of inter-individual connectivity, and individuals may exhibit divergent receptive attitudes towards identical information, a phenomenon denoted as the Hesitant-Common (HECO) trait. In light of this, the present study initially constructs a propagation network model devoid of correlation configurations to investigate the HECO characteristics within weighted social networks. Subsequently, the study employs a theoretical framework for edge partitioning, predicated on edge weights and HECO traits, to quantitatively analyze the mechanisms of individual information dissemination. Theoretical analyses and simulation outcomes consistently demonstrate that an augmentation in the proportion of common individuals facilitates both the diffusion and adoption of information. Concurrently, a phase transition crossover is observed, wherein the growth pattern of the ultimate adoption range, denoted as R(∞), transitions from a first-order discontinuous phase transition to a second-order continuous phase transition as the proportion of common individuals increases. An escalation in the weight distribution exponent is found to enhance information propagation. Furthermore, a reduction in the heterogeneity of degree distribution is conducive to the spread of information. Conversely, an increase in degree distribution heterogeneity and a diminution in the collective decision-making capacity can both exert inhibitory effects on the propagation of information.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1425838
Giorgio Arcadi
We provide a short review of some aspects of dark matter (DM) production in non-standard cosmology. Considering the simplest Higgs portal model as a definite particle physics setup, we consider the impact on the parameter space corresponding to the correct relic density and the complementary experimental constraints of the presence, during thermal production, of an exotic component dominating the energy density of the universe. In the second part of the work, we will focus on the case that such an exotic component satisfies the equation of state of matter and can produce DM non-thermally.
{"title":"Thermal and non-thermal DM production in non-standard cosmologies: a mini review","authors":"Giorgio Arcadi","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1425838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1425838","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a short review of some aspects of dark matter (DM) production in non-standard cosmology. Considering the simplest Higgs portal model as a definite particle physics setup, we consider the impact on the parameter space corresponding to the correct relic density and the complementary experimental constraints of the presence, during thermal production, of an exotic component dominating the energy density of the universe. In the second part of the work, we will focus on the case that such an exotic component satisfies the equation of state of matter and can produce DM non-thermally.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1392115
Dongyu Hu, Shaowei He, Shibin Li, Weiming Zhu
Fast and versatile beam forming and steering technologies are now crucial for various emerging applications, including wireless optical communications and optical switches. However, these technologies often rely on expensive components, such as spatial light modulators (SLMs) and optical phase arrays (OPAs), which come with complex and power-consuming control systems. In response to this challenge, we propose a dynamic beam-switching method inspired by the mode-hopping effect of lasers. As a proof of concept, we introduce the dynamic beam switching metasurface (DBSM) design, featuring an in-plane mechanical actuation system. Our numerical analyses, based on the finite element method (FEM), demonstrate that the proposed DBSM exhibits versatile beam forming and steering functionalities. These include beam splitting and omnidirectional beam steering. Moreover, we anticipate that the tuning speed of the DBSM will reach the kilohertz (kHz) range or even higher when utilizing a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuator, building upon pioneering research in this field. We envision it holds promising applications in areas such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR), optical wireless communication devices, and optical switches.
{"title":"A dynamic beam switching metasurface based on angular mode-hopping effect","authors":"Dongyu Hu, Shaowei He, Shibin Li, Weiming Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1392115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1392115","url":null,"abstract":"Fast and versatile beam forming and steering technologies are now crucial for various emerging applications, including wireless optical communications and optical switches. However, these technologies often rely on expensive components, such as spatial light modulators (SLMs) and optical phase arrays (OPAs), which come with complex and power-consuming control systems. In response to this challenge, we propose a dynamic beam-switching method inspired by the mode-hopping effect of lasers. As a proof of concept, we introduce the dynamic beam switching metasurface (DBSM) design, featuring an in-plane mechanical actuation system. Our numerical analyses, based on the finite element method (FEM), demonstrate that the proposed DBSM exhibits versatile beam forming and steering functionalities. These include beam splitting and omnidirectional beam steering. Moreover, we anticipate that the tuning speed of the DBSM will reach the kilohertz (kHz) range or even higher when utilizing a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuator, building upon pioneering research in this field. We envision it holds promising applications in areas such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR), optical wireless communication devices, and optical switches.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1388397
James A. Reggia
Maxwell’s equations can be successfully extended to electromagnetic fields having three complex-valued components rather than their usual three real-valued components. Here the implications of interpreting the imaginary-valued components as extending into time rather than space are explored. The complex-valued Maxwell equations remain consistent with the original Maxwell equations and the experimental results that they predict. Further, the extended equations predict novel phenomena such as the existence of electromagnetic waves that propagate not only through regular space but also through a separate temporal space (time) that is implied by the three imaginary components of the fields. In a vacuum, part of these imaginary valued waves propagates through time at the same rate as an observer stationary in space. While the imaginary valued field components are not directly observable, analysis indicates that they should be indirectly detectable experimentally based on secondary effects that occur under special circumstances. Experimental investigation attempting to falsify or support the existence of complex valued electromagnetic fields extending into time is merited due to the substantial theoretical and practical implications involved.
{"title":"Maximizing the symmetry of Maxwell’s equations","authors":"James A. Reggia","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1388397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1388397","url":null,"abstract":"Maxwell’s equations can be successfully extended to electromagnetic fields having three complex-valued components rather than their usual three real-valued components. Here the implications of interpreting the imaginary-valued components as extending into time rather than space are explored. The complex-valued Maxwell equations remain consistent with the original Maxwell equations and the experimental results that they predict. Further, the extended equations predict novel phenomena such as the existence of electromagnetic waves that propagate not only through regular space but also through a separate temporal space (time) that is implied by the three imaginary components of the fields. In a vacuum, part of these imaginary valued waves propagates through time at the same rate as an observer stationary in space. While the imaginary valued field components are not directly observable, analysis indicates that they should be indirectly detectable experimentally based on secondary effects that occur under special circumstances. Experimental investigation attempting to falsify or support the existence of complex valued electromagnetic fields extending into time is merited due to the substantial theoretical and practical implications involved.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1408429
Dávid Sivý, Katarína Karl’ová, Jozef Strečka
The spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg branched chain, inspired by the magnetic structure of three isostructural polymeric coordination compounds [(Tp)2Fe2(CN)6X (bdmap)Cu2(H2O)] ⋅ H2O to be further denoted as Fe2Cu2 (Tp = tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate, bdmapH = 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol, HX = acetic acid, propionic acid or trifluoroacetic acid), is rigorously studied using the transfer-matrix method. The overall ground-state phase diagram reveals three distinct phases: a quantum antiferromagnetic phase, a quantum ferrimagnetic phase and a classical ferromagnetic phase. In the zero-temperature magnetization curve, two quantum ground states are manifested as intermediate plateaus at zero and half of the saturation magnetization, while the magnetization reaches its saturated value within the classical ferromagnetic phase. The bipartite entanglement between nearest-neighbor Heisenberg spins is more pronounced in the quantum ferrimagnetic phase compared to the quantum antiferromagnetic phase due to a fully polarized nature of the Ising spins. A reasonable agreement between theoretical predictions for the spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg branched chain and experimental data measured for a temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and a low-temperature magnetization curve suggests strong antiferromagnetic coupling between nearest-neighbor Cu2+-Cu2+ magnetic ions and moderately strong ferromagnetic coupling between nearest-neighbor Cu2+-Fe3+ magnetic ions in the polymeric compounds Fe2Cu2. A thermal entanglement between nearest-neighbor Cu2+-Cu2+ magnetic ions persists up to a relatively high threshold temperature T ≈ 224 K and undergoes a transient magnetic-field-driven strengthening.
{"title":"Quantum magnetism in Fe2Cu2 polymeric branched chains: insights from exactly solved Ising-Heisenberg model","authors":"Dávid Sivý, Katarína Karl’ová, Jozef Strečka","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1408429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1408429","url":null,"abstract":"The spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg branched chain, inspired by the magnetic structure of three isostructural polymeric coordination compounds [(Tp)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CN)<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>X (bdmap)Cu<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O)] ⋅ H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O to be further denoted as Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Cu<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (Tp = tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate, bdmapH = 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol, HX = acetic acid, propionic acid or trifluoroacetic acid), is rigorously studied using the transfer-matrix method. The overall ground-state phase diagram reveals three distinct phases: a quantum antiferromagnetic phase, a quantum ferrimagnetic phase and a classical ferromagnetic phase. In the zero-temperature magnetization curve, two quantum ground states are manifested as intermediate plateaus at zero and half of the saturation magnetization, while the magnetization reaches its saturated value within the classical ferromagnetic phase. The bipartite entanglement between nearest-neighbor Heisenberg spins is more pronounced in the quantum ferrimagnetic phase compared to the quantum antiferromagnetic phase due to a fully polarized nature of the Ising spins. A reasonable agreement between theoretical predictions for the spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg branched chain and experimental data measured for a temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and a low-temperature magnetization curve suggests strong antiferromagnetic coupling between nearest-neighbor Cu<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>-Cu<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> magnetic ions and moderately strong ferromagnetic coupling between nearest-neighbor Cu<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>-Fe<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> magnetic ions in the polymeric compounds Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Cu<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. A thermal entanglement between nearest-neighbor Cu<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>-Cu<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> magnetic ions persists up to a relatively high threshold temperature <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> ≈ 224 K and undergoes a transient magnetic-field-driven strengthening.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In industrial aluminum sheet surface defect detection, false detection, missed detection, and low efficiency are prevalent challenges. Therefore, this paper introduces an improved YOLOv8 algorithm to address these issues. Specifically, the C2f-DSConv module incorporated enhances the network’s feature extraction capabilities, and a small target detection layer (160 × 160) improves the recognition of small targets. Besides, the DyHead dynamic detection head augments target representation, and MPDIoU replaces the regression loss function to refine detection accuracy. The improved algorithm is named YOLOv8n-DSDM, with experimental evaluations on an industrial aluminum sheet surface defect dataset demonstrating its effectiveness. YOLOv8n-DSDM achieves an average mean average precision (mAP50%) of 94.7%, demonstrating a 3.5% improvement over the original YOLOv8n. With a single-frame detection time of 2.5 ms and a parameter count of 3.77 M, YOLOv8n-DSDM meets the real-time detection requirements for industrial applications.
{"title":"A defect detection method for industrial aluminum sheet surface based on improved YOLOv8 algorithm","authors":"Luyang Wang, Gongxue Zhang, Weijun Wang, Jinyuan Chen, Xuyao Jiang, Hai Yuan, Zucheng Huang","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1419998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1419998","url":null,"abstract":"In industrial aluminum sheet surface defect detection, false detection, missed detection, and low efficiency are prevalent challenges. Therefore, this paper introduces an improved YOLOv8 algorithm to address these issues. Specifically, the C2f-DSConv module incorporated enhances the network’s feature extraction capabilities, and a small target detection layer (160 × 160) improves the recognition of small targets. Besides, the DyHead dynamic detection head augments target representation, and MPDIoU replaces the regression loss function to refine detection accuracy. The improved algorithm is named YOLOv8n-DSDM, with experimental evaluations on an industrial aluminum sheet surface defect dataset demonstrating its effectiveness. YOLOv8n-DSDM achieves an average mean average precision (mAP50%) of 94.7%, demonstrating a 3.5% improvement over the original YOLOv8n. With a single-frame detection time of 2.5 ms and a parameter count of 3.77 M, YOLOv8n-DSDM meets the real-time detection requirements for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1331286
Tomomi Kito, Yuki Murata, Junichi Yamanoi, Ravi Madhavan
Despite the recent complex intertwining of firms in fierce intellectual property disputes, the formation mechanisms of patent infringement litigation relationships between firms have been little studied from a network science perspective. We construct an inter-firm patent litigation network using longitudinal data on patent infringement litigation and the firms involved in the US, and examine its structural characteristics and the mechanisms of tie formation through network motif analysis, linking it to existing knowledge on negative ties. The results reveal the significant influence of mechanisms such as homophily, popularity, and activity on network formation, with reciprocity emerging as a pivotal factor. The absence of triadic closure is also observed. This distinct structural pattern is consistent across different technological fields and throughout the 20-year period. Furthermore, our analysis delves into the rapid countersuit strategies common within this network and provides valuable insights into patent litigation strategies between firms.
{"title":"Inter-firm patent litigation networks: a study of network motif analysis","authors":"Tomomi Kito, Yuki Murata, Junichi Yamanoi, Ravi Madhavan","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1331286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1331286","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the recent complex intertwining of firms in fierce intellectual property disputes, the formation mechanisms of patent infringement litigation relationships between firms have been little studied from a network science perspective. We construct an inter-firm patent litigation network using longitudinal data on patent infringement litigation and the firms involved in the US, and examine its structural characteristics and the mechanisms of tie formation through network motif analysis, linking it to existing knowledge on negative ties. The results reveal the significant influence of mechanisms such as homophily, popularity, and activity on network formation, with reciprocity emerging as a pivotal factor. The absence of triadic closure is also observed. This distinct structural pattern is consistent across different technological fields and throughout the 20-year period. Furthermore, our analysis delves into the rapid countersuit strategies common within this network and provides valuable insights into patent litigation strategies between firms.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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