Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1420556
Min Liu, Qiang Guo, Jianguo Liu
Dimension reduction is an effective method for system’s resilience analysis. In this paper, we investigate the effect of network structure on the accuracy of resilience dimension reduction. First, we introduce the resilience dimension reduction method and define the evaluation indicator of the resilience dimension reduction method. Then, by adjusting node connections, preferential connection mechanisms, and connection probabilities, we generate artificial networks, small-world networks and social networks with tunable assortativity coefficients, average clustering coefficients, and modularities, respectively. Experimental results for the gene regulatory dynamics show that the network structures with positive assortativity, large clustering coefficient, and significant community can enhance the accuracy of resilience dimension reduction. The result of this paper indicates that optimizing network structure can enhance the accuracy of resilience dimension reduction, which is of great significance for system resilience analysis and provides a new perspective and theoretical basis for selecting dimension reduction methods in system resilience analysis.
{"title":"Frontiers | Effect of network structure on the accuracy of resilience dimension reduction","authors":"Min Liu, Qiang Guo, Jianguo Liu","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1420556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1420556","url":null,"abstract":"Dimension reduction is an effective method for system’s resilience analysis. In this paper, we investigate the effect of network structure on the accuracy of resilience dimension reduction. First, we introduce the resilience dimension reduction method and define the evaluation indicator of the resilience dimension reduction method. Then, by adjusting node connections, preferential connection mechanisms, and connection probabilities, we generate artificial networks, small-world networks and social networks with tunable assortativity coefficients, average clustering coefficients, and modularities, respectively. Experimental results for the gene regulatory dynamics show that the network structures with positive assortativity, large clustering coefficient, and significant community can enhance the accuracy of resilience dimension reduction. The result of this paper indicates that optimizing network structure can enhance the accuracy of resilience dimension reduction, which is of great significance for system resilience analysis and provides a new perspective and theoretical basis for selecting dimension reduction methods in system resilience analysis.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1407471
Yuru Cheng, Yu Shen, Yuxia Gao, Ya Wen, Ze Lv, Ning Wen, Erpeng Wang, Guanghe Li, Yong Bo, Qinjun Peng
Three methods are used for a numerical solution, the Monte Carlo method, diffusion approximation equation model, and beam broaden model based on Beer–Lambert’s law equation. The comparison between the first two methods is reported theoretically, and the latter is a better choice in the high-density tissue. However, the comparison between the third method and the first or the second method is rarely reported. Two classical theoretical models describing the interaction between the laser and the bio-tissue are analyzed and compared to determine which is more suitable for analyzing the interaction, the beam broaden model or diffusion approximation equation model. Intensity distribution is simulated and compared for the two models. Temperature distribution and thermal damage are investigated theoretically and experimentally for both models. The differences and the reasons are analyzed. The diffusion approximation equation model is more suitable for analyzing the mechanism between the laser and the bio-tissue based on the degree of fitting between the simulated and experimental data. Theoretical analyses for the two models are carried out in detail. The comparison between the two models is rarely reported, and it is reported in this article for the first time, theoretically and experimentally. This report provides a better choice for quickly analyzing the interaction mechanism between the laser and the bio-tissue.
{"title":"Investigation and comparison on the interaction of laser and bio-tissue based on two classical models, the beam broaden model and diffusion approximation equation model, theoretically and experimentally","authors":"Yuru Cheng, Yu Shen, Yuxia Gao, Ya Wen, Ze Lv, Ning Wen, Erpeng Wang, Guanghe Li, Yong Bo, Qinjun Peng","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1407471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1407471","url":null,"abstract":"Three methods are used for a numerical solution, the Monte Carlo method, diffusion approximation equation model, and beam broaden model based on Beer–Lambert’s law equation. The comparison between the first two methods is reported theoretically, and the latter is a better choice in the high-density tissue. However, the comparison between the third method and the first or the second method is rarely reported. Two classical theoretical models describing the interaction between the laser and the bio-tissue are analyzed and compared to determine which is more suitable for analyzing the interaction, the beam broaden model or diffusion approximation equation model. Intensity distribution is simulated and compared for the two models. Temperature distribution and thermal damage are investigated theoretically and experimentally for both models. The differences and the reasons are analyzed. The diffusion approximation equation model is more suitable for analyzing the mechanism between the laser and the bio-tissue based on the degree of fitting between the simulated and experimental data. Theoretical analyses for the two models are carried out in detail. The comparison between the two models is rarely reported, and it is reported in this article for the first time, theoretically and experimentally. This report provides a better choice for quickly analyzing the interaction mechanism between the laser and the bio-tissue.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141168867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1404504
N. N. Yudin, M. M. Zinoviev, S. N. Podzyvalov, V. S. Kuznetsov, E. S. Slyunko, A. B. Lysenko, A. Yu. Kalsin, A. Sh. Gabdrakhmanov, S. V. Yakovlev, S. A. Sadovnikov, O. A. Romanovskii, H. Baalbaki
This work is devoted to the development of a compact source of coherent radiation with frequency-energy characteristics and a spectral generation range that allows remote determination of background concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The aim of this work was to create a frequency parametric converter based on ZGP, pumped by Ho:YAG laser radiation. For use as a source in a mobile lidar for remote determination of the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In the course of the research, a layout of an Optical parametric oscillator OPO based on a ZGP crystal with Ho:YAG laser radiation pumping was developed. The system’s continuous failure-free operation time was 1.5 h at a pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz and a pulse energy of the generated radiation of 0.08 mJ. The tuning range of the OPO was from 3.3 to 5 μm when using a Lyot filter. The losses from the average generation power when the Lyot filter was introduced into the resonator were 30%. At the same time, it was possible to achieve a linewidth of the generated radiation of 0.7 nm. The divergence of the generated radiation did not exceed 1.5 mrad.The absorption spectrum of gases CO2, CH4, N2O, CO in a gas cell was simulated for the entire generation range of the ZnGeP2-based OPO. As a result of the simulation, the most intense absorption lines of gases CO2, CH4, N2O, CO in the OPO tuning range were revealed, the central wavelengths of the absorption lines and their spectral width were determined.
{"title":"Tunable optical parametric oscillator based on ZnGeP2 crystal for greenhouse gas remote sensing systems","authors":"N. N. Yudin, M. M. Zinoviev, S. N. Podzyvalov, V. S. Kuznetsov, E. S. Slyunko, A. B. Lysenko, A. Yu. Kalsin, A. Sh. Gabdrakhmanov, S. V. Yakovlev, S. A. Sadovnikov, O. A. Romanovskii, H. Baalbaki","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1404504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1404504","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to the development of a compact source of coherent radiation with frequency-energy characteristics and a spectral generation range that allows remote determination of background concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The aim of this work was to create a frequency parametric converter based on ZGP, pumped by Ho:YAG laser radiation. For use as a source in a mobile lidar for remote determination of the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In the course of the research, a layout of an Optical parametric oscillator OPO based on a ZGP crystal with Ho:YAG laser radiation pumping was developed. The system’s continuous failure-free operation time was 1.5 h at a pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz and a pulse energy of the generated radiation of 0.08 mJ. The tuning range of the OPO was from 3.3 to 5 μm when using a Lyot filter. The losses from the average generation power when the Lyot filter was introduced into the resonator were 30%. At the same time, it was possible to achieve a linewidth of the generated radiation of 0.7 nm. The divergence of the generated radiation did not exceed 1.5 mrad.The absorption spectrum of gases CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O, CO in a gas cell was simulated for the entire generation range of the ZnGeP2-based OPO. As a result of the simulation, the most intense absorption lines of gases CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O, CO in the OPO tuning range were revealed, the central wavelengths of the absorption lines and their spectral width were determined.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1398070
S. Carbajal, A. M. Gago
We evaluate the potential of the DUNE near detector (DUNEND) for establishing bounds for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). This is achieved by studying how the presence of HNLs affects the production rates of active neutrinos, therefore creating a deficit in the neutrino charged current (CC) events at the LArTPC of the DUNEND. The estimated bounds on HNLs are calculated for masses between 1 eV and 500 MeV. We consider 10 years of operation (five in neutrino and antineutrino modes) and obtain limits of |Uμ4|2 < 9 × 10−3 (4 × 10−2) and |Ue4|2 < 7 × 10−3 (3 × 10−2) for masses below 10 MeV and a 5% (20%) overall normalization uncertainty in the neutrino charged current event rate prediction. These limits, within the region of masses below 2 (10) MeV, are better than those that can be achieved by DUNE direct searches for the case of a 5% (20%) uncertainty. When a conservative 20% uncertainty is present, our limits can only improve current constraints on |Ue4|2 by up to a factor of 3 in a small region of approximately 5 eV and set limits on |Uμ4|2 in a mass region free of constraints (40 eV–1 MeV).
{"title":"Indirect search of heavy neutral leptons using the DUNE near detector","authors":"S. Carbajal, A. M. Gago","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1398070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1398070","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluate the potential of the DUNE near detector (DUNEND) for establishing bounds for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). This is achieved by studying how the presence of HNLs affects the production rates of active neutrinos, therefore creating a deficit in the neutrino charged current (CC) events at the LArTPC of the DUNEND. The estimated bounds on HNLs are calculated for masses between 1 eV and 500 MeV. We consider 10 years of operation (five in neutrino and antineutrino modes) and obtain limits of |<jats:italic>U</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>μ</jats:italic>4</jats:sub>|<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> &lt; 9 × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> (4 × 10<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>) and |<jats:italic>U</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>e</jats:italic>4</jats:sub>|<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> &lt; 7 × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> (3 × 10<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>) for masses below 10 MeV and a 5% (20%) overall normalization uncertainty in the neutrino charged current event rate prediction. These limits, within the region of masses below 2 (10) MeV, are better than those that can be achieved by DUNE direct searches for the case of a 5% (20%) uncertainty. When a conservative 20% uncertainty is present, our limits can only improve current constraints on |<jats:italic>U</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>e</jats:italic>4</jats:sub>|<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> by up to a factor of 3 in a small region of approximately 5 eV and set limits on |<jats:italic>U</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>μ</jats:italic>4</jats:sub>|<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> in a mass region free of constraints (40 eV–1 MeV).","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141168851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1254024
Tong Shao, Xinliang Gao, Yangguang Ke, Quanming Lu, Xueyi Wang
Magnetosonic (MS) waves, i.e., ion Bernstein mode waves, are one of the common plasma waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere, which are important for regulating charged particle dynamics. How MS waves propagate in the magnetosphere is critical to understanding the global distribution of the waves, but it remains unclear. Although previous studies present that MS waves can be reflected by fine-scale density structures, the dissipation of waves by background plasma has long been neglected. In this study, we perform one-dimensional (1-D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to study the propagation of MS waves through density structures, where both absorption and reflection have been included. We find that absorption is as important as reflection when considering the propagation of MS waves through density structures, and both of them are strongly dependent on the shape of density structures. Specifically, the reflectivity of MS waves is positively and negatively correlated with the height and width of density structures, respectively, while the absorptivity of MS waves has a positive correlation with both the height and width of density structures. Our study demonstrates the significance of absorption during the propagation of MS waves, which may help better understand the distribution of MS waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere.
磁声波（MS），即离子伯恩斯坦模式波，是地球磁层中常见的等离子体波之一，对调节带电粒子动力学非常重要。MS 波如何在磁层中传播对了解该波的全球分布至关重要，但目前仍不清楚。虽然之前的研究表明 MS 波可以被细尺度密度结构反射，但长期以来，本底等离子体对 MS 波的消散一直被忽视。在本研究中，我们进行了一维（1-D）粒子入胞（PIC）模拟，研究 MS 波在密度结构中的传播，其中包括吸收和反射。我们发现，在考虑 MS 波在密度结构中的传播时，吸收与反射同样重要，而且两者都与密度结构的形状密切相关。具体来说，MS 波的反射率与密度结构的高度和宽度分别呈正相关和负相关，而 MS 波的吸收率与密度结构的高度和宽度均呈正相关。我们的研究证明了 MS 波传播过程中吸收的重要性，这可能有助于更好地理解 MS 波在地球磁层中的分布。
{"title":"The effects of plasma density structure on the propagation of magnetosonic waves: 1-D particle-in-cell simulations","authors":"Tong Shao, Xinliang Gao, Yangguang Ke, Quanming Lu, Xueyi Wang","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1254024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1254024","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetosonic (MS) waves, i.e., ion Bernstein mode waves, are one of the common plasma waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere, which are important for regulating charged particle dynamics. How MS waves propagate in the magnetosphere is critical to understanding the global distribution of the waves, but it remains unclear. Although previous studies present that MS waves can be reflected by fine-scale density structures, the dissipation of waves by background plasma has long been neglected. In this study, we perform one-dimensional (1-D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to study the propagation of MS waves through density structures, where both absorption and reflection have been included. We find that absorption is as important as reflection when considering the propagation of MS waves through density structures, and both of them are strongly dependent on the shape of density structures. Specifically, the reflectivity of MS waves is positively and negatively correlated with the height and width of density structures, respectively, while the absorptivity of MS waves has a positive correlation with both the height and width of density structures. Our study demonstrates the significance of absorption during the propagation of MS waves, which may help better understand the distribution of MS waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1380844
Chunqing Xing, Yongli Ping, Xu Zhao, Weiming An, Jiayong Zhong
Magnetic reconnection is an important rapid energy release mechanism in astrophysics. Magnetic energy can be effectively converted into plasma kinetic energy, thermal energy, and radiation energy. This study is based on the magnetohydrodynamics simulation method and utilizes the FLASH code to investigate the laser-driven magnetic reconnection physical process of the Helmholtz capacitor-coil target. The simulation model incorporates the laser driving effect, and the external magnetic field consistent with the Helmholtz capacitor-coil target is written in. This approach achieves a magnetic reconnection process that is more consistent with the experiment. By changing the resistivity, subtle differences in energy conversion during the evolution of magnetic reconnection are observed. Under conditions of low resistivity, there is a more pronounced increase in the thermal energy of ions compared to other energy components. In simulations with high resistivity, the increase in electrons thermal energy is more prominent. The simulation gives the evolution trajectory of magnetic reconnection, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. This has important reference value for experimental research on the low-β magnetic reconnection.
{"title":"Magnetohydrodynamics simulation of magnetic reconnection process based on the laser-driven Helmholtz capacitor-coil targets","authors":"Chunqing Xing, Yongli Ping, Xu Zhao, Weiming An, Jiayong Zhong","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1380844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1380844","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic reconnection is an important rapid energy release mechanism in astrophysics. Magnetic energy can be effectively converted into plasma kinetic energy, thermal energy, and radiation energy. This study is based on the magnetohydrodynamics simulation method and utilizes the FLASH code to investigate the laser-driven magnetic reconnection physical process of the Helmholtz capacitor-coil target. The simulation model incorporates the laser driving effect, and the external magnetic field consistent with the Helmholtz capacitor-coil target is written in. This approach achieves a magnetic reconnection process that is more consistent with the experiment. By changing the resistivity, subtle differences in energy conversion during the evolution of magnetic reconnection are observed. Under conditions of low resistivity, there is a more pronounced increase in the thermal energy of ions compared to other energy components. In simulations with high resistivity, the increase in electrons thermal energy is more prominent. The simulation gives the evolution trajectory of magnetic reconnection, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. This has important reference value for experimental research on the low-β magnetic reconnection.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141168873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1347934
Rosalia Ferraro, Jasmin Di Franco, Sergio Caserta, Stefano Guido
Cell spheroids are a widely used model to investigate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in a 3D microenvironment in vitro. Most research on cell spheroids has been focused on their response to various stimuli under static conditions. Recently, the effect of flow on cell spheroids has been investigated in the context of tumor invasion in interstitial space. In particular, microfluidic perfusion of cell spheroids embedded in a collagen matrix has been shown to modulate cell-cell adhesion and to represent a possible mechanism promoting tumor invasion by interstitial flow. However, studies on the effects of well-defined flow fields on cell spheroids are lacking in the literature. Here, we apply simple shear flow to cell spheroids in a parallel plate apparatus while observing their morphology by optical microscopy. By using image analysis techniques, we show that cell spheroids rotate under flow as rigid prolate ellipsoids. As time goes on, cells from the outer layer detach from the sheared cell spheroids and are carried away by the flow. Hence, the size of cell spheroids declines with time at a rate increasing with the external shear stress, which can be used to estimate cell-cell adhesion. The technique proposed in this work allows one to correlate flow-induced effects with microscopy imaging of cell spheroids in a well-established shear flow field, thus providing a method to obtain quantitative results which are relevant in the general field of mechanobiology.
{"title":"Frontiers | The morphology of cell spheroids in simple shear flow","authors":"Rosalia Ferraro, Jasmin Di Franco, Sergio Caserta, Stefano Guido","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1347934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1347934","url":null,"abstract":"Cell spheroids are a widely used model to investigate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in a 3D microenvironment in vitro. Most research on cell spheroids has been focused on their response to various stimuli under static conditions. Recently, the effect of flow on cell spheroids has been investigated in the context of tumor invasion in interstitial space. In particular, microfluidic perfusion of cell spheroids embedded in a collagen matrix has been shown to modulate cell-cell adhesion and to represent a possible mechanism promoting tumor invasion by interstitial flow. However, studies on the effects of well-defined flow fields on cell spheroids are lacking in the literature. Here, we apply simple shear flow to cell spheroids in a parallel plate apparatus while observing their morphology by optical microscopy. By using image analysis techniques, we show that cell spheroids rotate under flow as rigid prolate ellipsoids. As time goes on, cells from the outer layer detach from the sheared cell spheroids and are carried away by the flow. Hence, the size of cell spheroids declines with time at a rate increasing with the external shear stress, which can be used to estimate cell-cell adhesion. The technique proposed in this work allows one to correlate flow-induced effects with microscopy imaging of cell spheroids in a well-established shear flow field, thus providing a method to obtain quantitative results which are relevant in the general field of mechanobiology.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we elucidate the synthesis and characterization of molybdenum (Mo) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoflowers (Mo-ZnO@NF) fabricated via a hydrothermal approach, showcasing their potential application in hydrogen generation and dye degradation. The successful synthesis of these nanoflowers is achieved through the deliberate incorporation of Mo ions into the ZnO lattice, yielding a distinctive hierarchical flower-like morphology. Comprehensive structural, morphological, and optical analyses are conducted employing a suite of analytical techniques, encompassing XRD, Raman, FESEM, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirms the retention of the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, accompanied by discernible peak shifts indicative of Mo ion integration. FESEM imaging further elucidates the flower-like architecture of Mo-ZnO, underscoring the intricate morphological features. Photocatalytic assessment reveals the remarkable efficacy of Mo-ZnO@NF, as evidenced by an unprecedented hydrogen evolution rate of 2024 mmol/h/g and 97% Methylene Blue (MB) dye degradation within a mere 40-minute timeframe. Furthermore, a comparative investigation between pristine ZnO and varying Mo doping concentrations (ranging from 1% to 5%) underscores the optimal doping concentration of 1% Mo in ZnO. This concentration threshold is shown to engender superior photocatalytic performance, potentially attributed to enhanced charge carrier separation and increased surface area conducive to catalytic reactions. Overall, this study not only advances our understanding of Mo-ZnO@NF nanostructures but also elucidates key insights into optimizing their photocatalytic efficacy for diverse environmental remediation applications.
{"title":"Frontiers | Exploring Mo-ZnO@NF for hydrogen generation and methylene blue remediation: sunlight-driven catalysis","authors":"Yogita Padwal, Ratna Chauhan, Rajani Panchang, Hassan Fouad, Suresh W. Gosavi","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1416563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1416563","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we elucidate the synthesis and characterization of molybdenum (Mo) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoflowers (Mo-ZnO@NF) fabricated via a hydrothermal approach, showcasing their potential application in hydrogen generation and dye degradation. The successful synthesis of these nanoflowers is achieved through the deliberate incorporation of Mo ions into the ZnO lattice, yielding a distinctive hierarchical flower-like morphology. Comprehensive structural, morphological, and optical analyses are conducted employing a suite of analytical techniques, encompassing XRD, Raman, FESEM, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirms the retention of the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, accompanied by discernible peak shifts indicative of Mo ion integration. FESEM imaging further elucidates the flower-like architecture of Mo-ZnO, underscoring the intricate morphological features. Photocatalytic assessment reveals the remarkable efficacy of Mo-ZnO@NF, as evidenced by an unprecedented hydrogen evolution rate of 2024 mmol/h/g and 97% Methylene Blue (MB) dye degradation within a mere 40-minute timeframe. Furthermore, a comparative investigation between pristine ZnO and varying Mo doping concentrations (ranging from 1% to 5%) underscores the optimal doping concentration of 1% Mo in ZnO. This concentration threshold is shown to engender superior photocatalytic performance, potentially attributed to enhanced charge carrier separation and increased surface area conducive to catalytic reactions. Overall, this study not only advances our understanding of Mo-ZnO@NF nanostructures but also elucidates key insights into optimizing their photocatalytic efficacy for diverse environmental remediation applications.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1338718
Qingwen Li, Guorong Chen, Fuxian Zhu
As the water pipe cooling system is widely applied to controlling temperature in mass concrete structures, the precise simulation of the temperature field in mass concrete with cooling pipes embedded is meaningful. This paper presents an isogeometric analysis (IGA) with NURBS for heat transfer in mass concrete with consideration of the cooling pipe. The proposed method not only achieves the same level of accuracy with fewer nodes but also eliminates the time-consuming process of mesh in the traditional FEM. The coarsest parameter space which depicts small pipe and large concrete precisely is constructed to create an efficient model for numerical computation. In addition, the unique k-refinement in IGA is supposed to be the most appropriate encryption mechanism, and the knot insertion vector for effective refinement is calculated by considering the characteristics of temperature gradient distribution around the cooling pipes. In addition, a different calculation parameter has been discussed to show the stability and flexibility of the IGA. The obtained numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme in the simulation of transient temperature fields in concrete structures with cooling systems.
由于水管冷却系统被广泛应用于大体积混凝土结构的温度控制，因此对埋设冷却管的大体积混凝土中的温度场进行精确模拟非常有意义。本文针对大体积混凝土中的传热问题，提出了一种考虑冷却管的 NURBS 等距分析（IGA）方法。所提出的方法不仅以较少的节点达到了相同的精度水平，而且省去了传统有限元模型中耗时的网格划分过程。构建了精确描述小管道和大混凝土的最粗参数空间，为数值计算创建了一个高效模型。此外，IGA 中唯一的 k-细化被认为是最合适的加密机制，而有效细化的节点插入向量则是通过考虑冷却管道周围温度梯度分布的特征来计算的。此外，还讨论了不同的计算参数，以显示 IGA 的稳定性和灵活性。所获得的数值结果证明了所提出的方案在模拟带有冷却系统的混凝土结构中的瞬态温度场时的准确性和高效性。
{"title":"Simulation of thermal field in mass concrete with cooling pipes based on the isogeometric analysis method","authors":"Qingwen Li, Guorong Chen, Fuxian Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1338718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1338718","url":null,"abstract":"As the water pipe cooling system is widely applied to controlling temperature in mass concrete structures, the precise simulation of the temperature field in mass concrete with cooling pipes embedded is meaningful. This paper presents an isogeometric analysis (IGA) with NURBS for heat transfer in mass concrete with consideration of the cooling pipe. The proposed method not only achieves the same level of accuracy with fewer nodes but also eliminates the time-consuming process of mesh in the traditional FEM. The coarsest parameter space which depicts small pipe and large concrete precisely is constructed to create an efficient model for numerical computation. In addition, the unique k-refinement in IGA is supposed to be the most appropriate encryption mechanism, and the knot insertion vector for effective refinement is calculated by considering the characteristics of temperature gradient distribution around the cooling pipes. In addition, a different calculation parameter has been discussed to show the stability and flexibility of the IGA. The obtained numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme in the simulation of transient temperature fields in concrete structures with cooling systems.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hollow beam is a peculiar structure beam, which has been widely used in various areas. Here, we propose a novel diffraction optical element to generate tunable hollow beams. This element is composed of periodic concentric rings. The phase of each ring is periodically distributed between −π and π and satisfies a complex variable function. By tuning the parameters of the structure, we can flexibly manipulate the size and length of the hollow beam. The length of the beam can be increased from 98 λ to 248 λ, and the full width at half maximum varies from 0.43 λ to 0.61 λ. Moreover, the light intensity and side lobe of the hollow beam can also be regulated using the designed diffraction optical element. The potential applications of this highly tunable hollow beam include optical nanomanipulation, microscopic imaging, and nanolithography.
{"title":"Theoretical realization of tunable hollow beams using a periodical ring structure with a complex phase","authors":"Changwei Sun, Quansen Wang, Jing Liang, Wencong Wang, Dongmei Liu, Zhenhua Chen, Min Gu","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2024.1383835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1383835","url":null,"abstract":"Hollow beam is a peculiar structure beam, which has been widely used in various areas. Here, we propose a novel diffraction optical element to generate tunable hollow beams. This element is composed of periodic concentric rings. The phase of each ring is periodically distributed between −π and π and satisfies a complex variable function. By tuning the parameters of the structure, we can flexibly manipulate the size and length of the hollow beam. The length of the beam can be increased from 98 λ to 248 λ, and the full width at half maximum varies from 0.43 λ to 0.61 λ. Moreover, the light intensity and side lobe of the hollow beam can also be regulated using the designed diffraction optical element. The potential applications of this highly tunable hollow beam include optical nanomanipulation, microscopic imaging, and nanolithography.","PeriodicalId":12507,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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