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Comparative Genomics Reveals Evolutionary Drivers of Sessile Life and Left-right Shell Asymmetry in Bivalves 比较基因组学揭示双壳类无柄生命和左右壳不对称的进化驱动因素
IF 9.5 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.10.005
Yang Zhang , Fan Mao , Shu Xiao , Haiyan Yu , Zhiming Xiang , Fei Xu , Jun Li , Lili Wang , Yuanyan Xiong , Mengqiu Chen , Yongbo Bao , Yuewen Deng , Quan Huo , Lvping Zhang , Wenguang Liu , Xuming Li , Haitao Ma , Yuehuan Zhang , Xiyu Mu , Min Liu , Ziniu Yu

Bivalves are species-rich mollusks with prominent protective roles in coastal ecosystems. Across these ancient lineages, colony-founding larvae anchor themselves either by byssus production or by cemented attachment. The latter mode of sessile life is strongly molded by left-right shell asymmetry during larval development of Ostreoida oysters such as Crassostrea hongkongensis. Here, we sequenced the genome of C. hongkongensis in high resolution and compared it to reference bivalve genomes to unveil genomic determinants driving cemented attachment and shell asymmetry. Importantly, loss of the homeobox gene Antennapedia (Antp) and broad expansion of lineage-specific extracellular gene families are implicated in a shift from byssal to cemented attachment in bivalves. Comparative transcriptomic analysis shows a conspicuous divergence between left-right asymmetrical C. hongkongensis and symmetrical Pinctada fucata in their expression profiles. Especially, a couple of orthologous transcription factor genes and lineage-specific shell-related gene families including that encoding tyrosinases are elevated, and may cooperatively govern asymmetrical shell formation in Ostreoida oysters.

双壳类是种类丰富的软体动物,在沿海生态系统中具有重要的保护作用。在这些古老的谱系中,建立殖民地的幼虫要么通过足丝生产,要么通过粘接来固定自己。后一种无根生活模式在香港长牡蛎等牡蛎的幼虫发育过程中受到左右壳不对称的强烈影响。在这里,我们对C. hongkongensis的基因组进行了高分辨率测序,并将其与参考双壳类基因组进行了比较,以揭示驱动胶结附着和壳不对称的基因组决定因素。重要的是,同源盒基因Antennapedia (Antp)的缺失和谱系特异性细胞外基因家族的广泛扩展与双壳类动物从基底附着到胶结附着的转变有关。比较转录组学分析表明,左右不对称的香港C.和对称的fucata在表达谱上存在显著差异。特别是,一对同源转录因子基因和包括编码酪氨酸酶在内的谱系特异性壳相关基因家族的升高,可能共同控制了Ostreoida牡蛎的不对称壳形成。
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引用次数: 7
Genomic Epidemiology of Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in China 中国产碳青霉烯酶肺炎克雷伯菌的基因组流行病学研究
IF 9.5 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.02.005
Cuidan Li , Xiaoyuan Jiang , Tingting Yang , Yingjiao Ju , Zhe Yin , Liya Yue , Guannan Ma , Xuebing Wang , Ying Jing , Xinhua Luo , Shuangshuang Li , Xue Yang , Fei Chen , Dongsheng Zhou

The rapid spread of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (cpKP) poses serious threats to public health; however, the underlying genetic basis for its dissemination is still unknown. We conducted a comprehensive genomic epidemiology analysis on 420 cpKP isolates collected from 70 hospitals in 24 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities of China during 2009–2017 by short-/long-read sequencing. The results showed that most cpKP isolates were categorized into clonal group 258 (CG258), in which ST11 was the dominant clone. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three major clades including the top one of Clade 3 for CG258 cpKP isolates. Additionally, carbapenemase gene analysis indicated that blaKPC was dominant in the cpKP isolates, and most blaKPC genes were located in five major incompatibility (Inc) groups of blaKPC-harboring plasmids. Importantly, three advantageous combinations of host–blaKPC-carrying plasmid (Clade 3.1+3.2–IncFIIpHN7A8, Clade 3.1+3.2–IncFIIpHN7A8:IncR, and Clade 3.3–IncFIIpHN7A8:IncpA1763-KPC) were identified to confer cpKP isolates the advantages in both genotypes (strong correlation/coevolution) and phenotypes (resistance/growth/competition) to facilitate the nationwide spread of ST11/CG258 cpKP. Intriguingly, Bayesian skyline analysis illustrated that the three advantageous combinations might be directly associated with the strong population expansion during 2007–2008 and subsequent maintenance of the population of ST11/CG258 cpKP after 2008. We then examined drug resistance profiles of these cpKP isolates and proposed combination treatment regimens for CG258/non-CG258 cpKP infections. Thus, the findings of our systematical analysis shed light on the molecular epidemiology and genetic basis for the dissemination of ST11/CG258 cpKP in China, and much emphasis should be given to the close monitoring of advantageous cpKP–plasmid combinations.

产碳青霉烯酶肺炎克雷伯菌(cpKP)的迅速传播对公共卫生构成严重威胁;然而,其传播的潜在遗传基础仍然未知。对2009-2017年从中国24个省/自治区/直辖市70家医院采集的420株cpKP分离株进行了基因组流行病学综合分析。结果表明,大部分cpKP分离株均归属于克隆群258 (CG258),其中ST11为优势克隆;系统发育分析显示CG258 cpKP分离株有3个主要进化枝,其中进化枝顶端为进化枝3。此外,碳青霉烯酶基因分析表明,blaKPC在cpKP分离株中占主导地位,并且大多数blaKPC基因位于5个主要的blaKPC-携带质粒不相容(Inc)群中。重要的是,我们发现了携带宿主blakpc的质粒(Clade 3.1+ 3.2-IncFIIpHN7A8:IncR和Clade 3.3-IncFIIpHN7A8:IncpA1763-KPC)的三种优势组合,赋予cpKP分离物在基因型(强相关/共同进化)和表型(抗性/生长/竞争)上的优势,从而促进ST11/CG258 cpKP在全国范围内的传播。有趣的是,贝叶斯天际线分析表明,这三种优势组合可能与2007-2008年期间ST11/CG258 cpKP种群的强劲扩张和2008年后种群的维持直接相关。然后,我们检查了这些cpKP分离株的耐药概况,并提出了CG258/非CG258 cpKP感染的联合治疗方案。因此,我们的系统分析结果揭示了ST11/CG258 cpKP在中国传播的分子流行病学和遗传基础,并应重视对有利的cpKP -质粒组合的密切监测。
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引用次数: 13
Single-cell Sequencing Reveals Clearance of Blastula Chromosomal Mosaicism in In Vitro Fertilization Babies 单细胞测序揭示体外受精婴儿囊胚染色体嵌合的清除
IF 9.5 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.07.004
Yuan Gao , Jinning Zhang , Zhenyu Liu , Shuyue Qi , Xinmeng Guo , Hui Wang , Yanfei Cheng , Shuang Tian , Minyue Ma , Hongmei Peng , Lu Wen , Fuchou Tang , Yuanqing Yao

Although chromosomal mosaic embryos detected by trophectoderm (TE) biopsy offer healthy embryos available for transfer, high-resolution postnatal karyotyping and chromosome testing of the transferred embryos are insufficient. Here, we applied single-cell multi-omics sequencing for seven infants with blastula chromosomal mosaicism detected by TE biopsy. The chromosome ploidy was examined by single-cell genome analysis, with the cellular identity being identified by single-cell transcriptome analysis. A total of 1616 peripheral leukocytes from seven infants with embryonic chromosomal mosaicism and three control ones with euploid TE biopsy were analyzed. A small number of blood cells showed copy number alterations (CNAs) on seemingly random locations at a frequency of 0%−2.5% per infant. However, none of the cells showed CNAs that were the same as those of the corresponding TE biopsies. The blastula chromosomal mosaicism may be fully self-corrected, probably through the selective loss of the aneuploid cells during development, and the transferred embryos can be born as euploid infants without mosaic CNAs corresponding to the TE biopsies. The results provide a new reference for the evaluations of transferring chromosomal mosaic embryos in certain situations.

虽然通过滋养外胚层(TE)活检检测到的染色体镶嵌胚胎提供了可用于移植的健康胚胎,但对移植胚胎进行高分辨率的出生后核型和染色体检测是不够的。在这里,我们应用单细胞多组学测序对7名婴儿囊胚染色体嵌合检测通过TE活检。单细胞基因组分析鉴定染色体倍性,单细胞转录组分析鉴定细胞身份。本文分析了7例胚胎染色体嵌合的婴儿和3例整倍体TE活检的对照组的1616个外周血白细胞。少数血细胞在看似随机的位置显示拷贝数改变(CNAs),每个婴儿的频率为0% - 2.5%。然而,没有一个细胞显示出与相应TE活检相同的CNAs。囊胚染色体嵌合可以完全自我纠正,可能是通过发育过程中非整倍体细胞的选择性丧失,移植胚胎可以作为整倍体婴儿出生,没有与TE活检相对应的马赛克CNAs。该结果为某些情况下染色体镶嵌胚胎移植的评价提供了新的参考。
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引用次数: 2
Ongoing Positive Selection Drives the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes 持续的正选择驱动SARS-CoV-2基因组的进化
IF 9.5 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.05.009
Yali Hou , Shilei Zhao , Qi Liu , Xiaolong Zhang , Tong Sha , Yankai Su , Wenming Zhao , Yiming Bao , Yongbiao Xue , Hua Chen

SARS-CoV-2 is a new RNA virus affecting humans and spreads extensively throughout the world since its first outbreak in December, 2019. Whether the transmissibility and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in humans after zoonotic transfer are actively evolving, and driven by adaptation to the new host and environments is still under debate. Understanding the evolutionary mechanism underlying epidemiological and pathological characteristics of COVID-19 is essential for predicting the epidemic trend, and providing guidance for disease control and treatments. Interrogating novel strategies for identifying natural selection using within-species polymorphisms and 3,674,076 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences of 169 countries as of December 30, 2021, we demonstrate with population genetic evidence that during the course of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in humans, 1) SARS-CoV-2 genomes are overall conserved under purifying selection, especially for the 14 genes related to viral RNA replication, transcription, and assembly; 2) ongoing positive selection is actively driving the evolution of 6 genes (e.g., S, ORF3a, and N) that play critical roles in molecular processes involving pathogen–host interactions, including viral invasion into and egress from host cells, and viral inhibition and evasion of host immune response, possibly leading to high transmissibility and mild symptom in SARS-CoV-2 evolution. According to an established haplotype phylogenetic relationship of 138 viral clusters, a spatial and temporal landscape of 556 critical mutations is constructed based on their divergence among viral haplotype clusters or repeatedly increase in frequency within at least 2 clusters, of which multiple mutations potentially conferring alterations in viral transmissibility, pathogenicity, and virulence of SARS-CoV-2 are highlighted, warranting attention.

SARS-CoV-2是一种影响人类的新型RNA病毒,自2019年12月首次爆发以来,在全球广泛传播。SARS-CoV-2在人畜共患转移后在人类中的传播性和致病性是否在积极进化,并受到对新宿主和环境的适应的驱动,目前仍存在争议。了解新冠肺炎流行病学和病理学特征的演变机制,对预测疫情趋势,指导疾病控制和治疗具有重要意义。利用物种内多态性和截至2021年12月30日来自169个国家的3,674,076个SARS-CoV-2基因组序列,对识别自然选择的新策略进行了研究,我们用群体遗传证据证明,在SARS-CoV-2在人类中大流行的过程中,1)SARS-CoV-2基因组在纯化选择下总体上是保守的,特别是与病毒RNA复制、转录和组装相关的14个基因;2)持续的正选择正在积极推动6个基因(如S、ORF3a和N)的进化,这些基因在病原体与宿主相互作用的分子过程中发挥关键作用,包括病毒侵入和离开宿主细胞,以及病毒抑制和逃避宿主免疫反应,可能导致SARS-CoV-2进化的高传播性和轻度症状。根据已建立的138个病毒聚类的单倍型系统发育关系,构建了556个关键突变的时空格局,基于它们在病毒单倍型聚类之间的差异或在至少2个聚类中频率的反复增加,其中多个突变可能会改变SARS-CoV-2的病毒传播性、致病性和毒力,值得关注。
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引用次数: 10
Chromosome-level Genomes Reveal the Genetic Basis of Descending Dysploidy and Sex Determination in Morus Plants 染色体水平的基因组揭示了桑植物下降异倍体和性别决定的遗传基础
IF 9.5 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.08.005
Zhongqiang Xia , Xuelei Dai , Wei Fan , Changying Liu , Meirong Zhang , Peipei Bian , Yuping Zhou , Liang Li , Baozhong Zhu , Shuman Liu , Zhengang Li , Xiling Wang , Maode Yu , Zhonghuai Xiang , Yu Jiang , Aichun Zhao

Multiple plant lineages have independently evolved sex chromosomes and variable karyotypes to maintain their sessile lifestyles through constant biological innovation. Morus notabilis, a dioecious mulberry species, has the fewest chromosomes among Morus spp., but the genetic basis of sex determination and karyotype evolution in this species has not been identified. In this study, three high-quality genome assemblies were generated for Morus spp. [including dioecious M. notabilis (male and female) and Morus yunnanensis (female)] with genome sizes of 301–329 Mb and were grouped into six pseudochromosomes. Using a combination of genomic approaches, we found that the putative ancestral karyotype of Morus species was close to 14 protochromosomes, and that several chromosome fusion events resulted in descending dysploidy (2n = 2x = 12). We also characterized a ∼ 6.2-Mb sex-determining region on chromosome 3. Four potential male-specific genes, a partially duplicated DNA helicase gene (named MSDH) and three Ty3_Gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons (named MSTG1/2/3), were identified in the Y-linked area and considered to be strong candidate genes for sex determination or differentiation. Population genomic analysis showed that Guangdong accessions in China were genetically similar to Japanese accessions of mulberry. In addition, genomic areas containing selective sweeps that distinguish domesticated mulberry from wild populations in terms of flowering and disease resistance were identified. Our study provides an important genetic resource for sex identification research and molecular breeding in mulberry.

多个植物谱系通过不断的生物创新,独立地进化出性染色体和可变核型,以维持其无根的生活方式。桑(Morus notabilis)是桑树种中染色体最少的一种,但其性别决定和核型进化的遗传基础尚未明确。本研究获得了桑属(Morus spp.)的3个高质量基因组组合,基因组大小为301-329 Mb,分为6个假染色体(pseudochromosome),包括雌雄异株的M. notabilis(雄性和雌性)和Morus yunnanensis(雌性)。结合基因组学方法,我们发现桑种的推定祖先核型接近14条原染色体,并且几次染色体融合事件导致了下降的非倍体(2n = 2x = 12)。我们还在3号染色体上发现了一个约6.2 mb的性别决定区域。在y连锁区发现了4个潜在的男性特异性基因,一个部分重复的DNA解旋酶基因(命名为MSDH)和3个Ty3_Gypsy长末端重复反转录转座子(命名为MSTG1/2/3),被认为是性别决定或分化的强候选基因。种群基因组分析表明,中国广东桑树与日本桑树遗传相似。此外,还确定了包含选择性扫描的基因组区域,这些区域在开花和抗病方面区分了驯化桑树与野生桑树种群。本研究为桑树性别鉴定研究和分子育种提供了重要的遗传资源。
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引用次数: 5
Ori-Finder 2022: A Comprehensive Web Server for Prediction and Analysis of Bacterial Replication Origins Ori-Finder 2022:用于预测和分析细菌复制起源的综合Web服务器
IF 9.5 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.10.002
Mei-Jing Dong , Hao Luo , Feng Gao

The replication of DNA is a complex biological process that is essential for life. Bacterial DNA replication is initiated at genomic loci referred to as replication origins (oriCs). Integrating the Z-curve method, DnaA box distribution, and comparative genomic analysis, we developed a web server to predict bacterial oriCs in 2008 called Ori-Finder, which is helpful to clarify the characteristics of bacterial oriCs. The oriCs of hundreds of sequenced bacterial genomes have been annotated in the genome reports using Ori-Finder and the predicted results have been deposited in DoriC, a manually curated database of oriCs. This has facilitated large-scale data mining of functional elements in oriCs and strand-biased analysis. Here, we describe Ori-Finder 2022 with updated prediction framework, interactive visualization module, new analysis module, and user-friendly interface. More species-specific indicator genes and functional elements of oriCs are integrated into the updated framework, which has also been redesigned to predict oriCs in draft genomes. The interactive visualization module displays more genomic information related to oriCs and their functional elements. The analysis module includes regulatory protein annotation, repeat sequence discovery, homologous oriC search, and strand-biased analyses. The redesigned interface provides additional customization options for oriC prediction. Ori-Finder 2022 is freely available at http://tubic.tju.edu.cn/Ori-Finder/ and https://tubic.org/Ori-Finder/.

DNA的复制是一个复杂的生物过程,对生命至关重要。细菌DNA复制始于基因组位点,称为复制起点(oriCs)。2008年,我们将z曲线法、dna盒分布法和比较基因组分析相结合,开发了一个预测细菌oric的web服务器Ori-Finder,这有助于明确细菌oric的特征。使用Ori-Finder将数百个已测序细菌基因组的oric标注在基因组报告中,并将预测结果存入人工整理的oric数据库DoriC中。这为oric中功能元素的大规模数据挖掘和链偏分析提供了便利。在这里,我们用更新的预测框架、交互式可视化模块、新的分析模块和用户友好的界面来描述Ori-Finder 2022。更多的物种特异性指示基因和oric的功能元件被整合到更新的框架中,该框架也被重新设计以预测草稿基因组中的oric。交互式可视化模块显示更多与oric及其功能元件相关的基因组信息。分析模块包括调控蛋白注释、重复序列发现、同源oriC搜索和链偏分析。重新设计的界面为oriC预测提供了额外的自定义选项。Ori-Finder 2022可以在http://tubic.tju.edu.cn/Ori-Finder/和https://tubic.org/Ori-Finder/免费获得。
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引用次数: 14
Genomic Shift in Population Dynamics of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli in Human Carriage 人类携带mcr-1阳性大肠杆菌群体动态的基因组转移
IF 9.5 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.11.006
Yingbo Shen , Rong Zhang , Dongyan Shao , Lu Yang , Jiayue Lu , Congcong Liu , Xueyang Wang , Junyao Jiang , Boxuan Wang , Congming Wu , Julian Parkhill , Yang Wang , Timothy R. Walsh , George F. Gao , Zhangqi Shen

Emergence of the colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, has attracted worldwide attention. Despite the prevalence of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPEC) strains in human carriage showing a significant decrease between 2016 and 2019, genetic differences in MCRPEC strains remain largely unknown. We therefore conducted a comparative genomic study on MCRPEC strains from fecal samples of healthy human subjects in 2016 and 2019. We identified three major differences in MCRPEC strains between these two time points. First, the insertion sequence ISApl1 was often deleted and the percentage of mcr-1-carrying IncI2 plasmids was increased in MCRPEC strains in 2019. Second, the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), aac(3)-IVa and blaCTX-M-1, emerged and coexisted with mcr-1 in 2019. Third, MCRPEC strains in 2019 contained more virulence genes, resulting in an increased proportion of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains (36.1%) in MCRPEC strains in 2019 compared to that in 2016 (10.5%), implying that these strains could occupy intestinal ecological niches by competing with other commensal bacteria. Our results suggest that despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of MCRPEC strains in humans from 2016 to 2019, MCRPEC exhibits increased resistance to other clinically important ARGs and contains more virulence genes, which may pose a potential public health threat.

粘菌素耐药基因mcr-1的出现引起了全世界的关注。尽管在2016年至2019年期间,人类携带的mcr-1阳性大肠杆菌(MCRPEC)菌株的流行率显着下降,但MCRPEC菌株的遗传差异在很大程度上仍然未知。因此,我们于2016年和2019年对健康人类粪便样本中的MCRPEC菌株进行了比较基因组研究。在这两个时间点之间,我们确定了MCRPEC菌株的三个主要差异。首先,2019年MCRPEC菌株中插入序列ISApl1经常被删除,携带mcr-1的IncI2质粒比例增加。二是抗生素耐药基因(ARGs) aac(3)-IVa和blaCTX-M-1在2019年出现并与mcr-1共存。第三,2019年MCRPEC菌株含有更多的毒力基因,导致2019年MCRPEC菌株中肠外致病性大肠杆菌(ExPEC)菌株的比例(36.1%)高于2016年的10.5%,这意味着这些菌株可以通过与其他共生菌竞争来占领肠道生态位。我们的研究结果表明,尽管从2016年到2019年,MCRPEC菌株在人类中的流行率显著降低,但MCRPEC对其他临床重要ARGs的耐药性增强,并且含有更多的毒力基因,这可能构成潜在的公共卫生威胁。
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引用次数: 3
Genomes of Two Flying Squid Species Provide Novel Insights into Adaptations of Cephalopods to Pelagic Life 两种飞鱿鱼的基因组为头足类动物适应远洋生物提供了新的见解
IF 9.5 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.09.009
Min Li , Baosheng Wu , Peng Zhang , Ye Li , Wenjie Xu , Kun Wang , Qiang Qiu , Jun Zhang , Jie Li , Chi Zhang , Jiangtao Fan , Chenguang Feng , Zuozhi Chen

Pelagic cephalopods have evolved a series of fascinating traits, such as excellent visual acuity, high-speed agility, and photophores for adaptation to open pelagic oceans. However, the genetic mechanisms underpinning these traits are not well understood. Thus, in this study, we obtained high-quality genomes of two purpleback flying squid species (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis and Sthenoteuthis sp.), with sizes of 5450 Mb and 5651 Mb, respectively. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that the S-crystallin subfamily SL20-1 associated with visual acuity in the purpleback flying squid lineage was significantly expanded, and the evolution of high-speed agility for the species was accompanied by significant positive selection pressure on genes related to energy metabolism. These molecular signals might have contributed to the evolution of their adaptative predatory and anti-predatory traits. In addition, the transcriptomic analysis provided clear indications of the evolution of the photophores of purpleback flying squids, especially the recruitment of new genes and energy metabolism-related genes which may have played key functional roles in the process.

远洋头足类动物进化出了一系列迷人的特征,比如出色的视觉敏锐度、高速的敏捷性和适应开阔远洋的光细胞。然而,支持这些特征的遗传机制还没有得到很好的理解。因此,本研究获得了两种紫背飞乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis和Sthenoteuthis sp.)的高质量基因组,其大小分别为5450 Mb和5651 Mb。对比基因组分析表明,与视觉敏锐度相关的S-crystallin亚家族SL20-1在紫背飞乌贼谱系中显著扩增,其高速敏捷性的进化伴随着能量代谢相关基因的显著正向选择压力。这些分子信号可能对它们的适应性掠食性和反掠食性特征的进化起了一定的作用。此外,转录组学分析为紫背飞鱿鱼光载体的进化提供了明确的指示,特别是新基因和能量代谢相关基因的招募可能在这一过程中发挥了关键的功能作用。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Bird-like Genome Miniaturization During the Evolution of Scallop Swimming Lifestyle 扇贝游泳生活方式进化过程中的适应性类鸟基因组小型化
IF 9.5 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.07.001
Yuli Li , Yaran Liu , Hongwei Yu , Fuyun Liu , Wentao Han , Qifan Zeng , Yuehuan Zhang , Lingling Zhang , Jingjie Hu , Zhenmin Bao , Shi Wang

Genome miniaturization drives key evolutionary innovations of adaptive traits in vertebrates, such as the flight evolution of birds. However, whether similar evolutionary processes exist in invertebrates remains poorly understood. Derived from the second-largest animal phylum, scallops are a special group of bivalve molluscs and acquire the evolutionary novelty of the swimming lifestyle, providing excellent models for investigating the coordinated genome and lifestyle evolution. Here, we show for the first time that genome sizes of scallops exhibit a generally negative correlation with locomotion activity. To elucidate the co-evolution of genome size and swimming lifestyle, we focus on the Asian moon scallop (Amusium pleuronectes) that possesses the smallest known scallop genome while being among scallops with the highest swimming activity. Whole-genome sequencing of A. pleuronectes reveals highly conserved chromosomal macrosynteny and microsynteny, suggestive of a highly contracted but not degenerated genome. Genome reduction of A. pleuronectes is facilitated by significant inactivation of transposable elements, leading to reduced gene length, elevated expression of genes involved in energy-producing pathways, and decreased copy numbers and expression levels of biomineralization-related genes. Similar evolutionary changes of relevant pathways are also observed for bird genome reduction with flight evolution. The striking mimicry of genome miniaturization underlying the evolution of bird flight and scallop swimming unveils the potentially common, pivotal role of genome size fluctuation in the evolution of novel lifestyles in the animal kingdom.

基因组小型化推动了脊椎动物适应特征的关键进化创新,例如鸟类的飞行进化。然而,在无脊椎动物中是否存在类似的进化过程仍然知之甚少。扇贝是一种特殊的双壳类软体动物,是第二大动物门,具有游泳生活方式的进化新颖性,为研究基因组与生活方式的协调进化提供了良好的模型。在这里,我们首次展示了扇贝的基因组大小与运动活动普遍呈负相关。为了阐明基因组大小和游泳生活方式的共同进化,我们重点研究了亚洲月亮扇贝(Amusium pleuronectes),它拥有已知最小的扇贝基因组,但却是游泳活动最高的扇贝之一。全基因组测序结果显示,该植物染色体的大synsyny和微synsyny高度保守,表明其基因组高度收缩但未退化。转座因子的显著失活促进了银杏基因组的减少,导致基因长度减少,参与能量产生途径的基因表达增加,生物矿化相关基因的拷贝数和表达水平降低。鸟类基因组随着飞行进化而减少的相关途径也发生了类似的进化变化。在鸟类飞行和扇贝游泳的进化中,基因组小型化的惊人模仿揭示了基因组大小波动在动物王国新生活方式的进化中潜在的共同的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Reprogramming Mycobacterium tuberculosis CRISPR System for Gene Editing and Genome-wide RNA Interference Screening 用于基因编辑和全基因组RNA干扰筛选的结核分枝杆菌CRISPR系统重编程
IF 9.5 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.01.008
Khaista Rahman , Muhammad Jamal , Xi Chen , Wei Zhou , Bin Yang , Yanyan Zou , Weize Xu , Yingying Lei , Chengchao Wu , Xiaojian Cao , Rohit Tyagi , Muhammad Ahsan Naeem , Da Lin , Zeshan Habib , Nan Peng , Zhen F. Fu , Gang Cao

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), which is still the leading cause of mortality from a single infectious disease worldwide. The development of novel anti-TB drugs and vaccines is severely hampered by the complicated and time-consuming genetic manipulation techniques for M. tuberculosis. Here, we harnessed an endogenous type III-A CRISPR/Cas10 system of M. tuberculosis for efficient gene editing and RNA interference (RNAi). This simple and easy method only needs to transform a single mini-CRISPR array plasmid, thus avoiding the introduction of exogenous protein and minimizing proteotoxicity. We demonstrated that M. tuberculosis genes can be efficiently and specifically knocked in/out by this system as confirmed by DNA high-throughput sequencing. This system was further applied to single- and multiple-gene RNAi. Moreover, we successfully performed genome-wide RNAi screening to identify M. tuberculosis genes regulating in vitro and intracellular growth. This system can be extensively used for exploring the functional genomics of M. tuberculosis and facilitate the development of novel anti-TB drugs and vaccines.

结核分枝杆菌是结核病(TB)的病原体,结核病仍然是世界范围内单一传染病导致死亡的主要原因。新型抗结核药物和疫苗的开发受到复杂且耗时的结核分枝杆菌基因操作技术的严重阻碍。在这里,我们利用内源性结核分枝杆菌III-A型CRISPR/Cas10系统进行有效的基因编辑和RNA干扰(RNAi)。该方法简单易行,只需转化单个mini-CRISPR阵列质粒,避免了外源蛋白的引入,最大限度地降低了蛋白毒性。我们通过DNA高通量测序证实,该系统可以高效、特异性地敲入/敲出结核分枝杆菌基因。该系统进一步应用于单基因和多基因RNAi。此外,我们成功地进行了全基因组RNAi筛选,以鉴定调控体外和细胞内生长的结核分枝杆菌基因。该系统可广泛用于探索结核分枝杆菌的功能基因组学,促进新型抗结核药物和疫苗的开发。
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引用次数: 6
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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics
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