Pub Date : 2014-04-17DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2014.6798935
Sean Richards, A. Tan, I. Platt, I. Woodhead
Dielectric models are used with permittivity measurements of material for translation from permittivity to moisture content. A dielectric model for pure sand was developed based on fundamental physical properties such as the permittivity and geometry of the host material particles, and the frequency dependent processes that determine the permittivity of water. The measurement of sand using the short-circuited reflection method is discussed included associated pre-processing as is the processing of the measured data to extract permittivity values. A system is derived to automate the selection of appropriate solution equation, time-gate position and generation of initial values for numerical inversion. Measured data in the 1 - 6 GHz frequency range for sand with various volumetric moisture contents is compared with the dielectric model.
{"title":"Free-space microwave moisture content measurement of moist sand","authors":"Sean Richards, A. Tan, I. Platt, I. Woodhead","doi":"10.1109/SAS.2014.6798935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS.2014.6798935","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric models are used with permittivity measurements of material for translation from permittivity to moisture content. A dielectric model for pure sand was developed based on fundamental physical properties such as the permittivity and geometry of the host material particles, and the frequency dependent processes that determine the permittivity of water. The measurement of sand using the short-circuited reflection method is discussed included associated pre-processing as is the processing of the measured data to extract permittivity values. A system is derived to automate the selection of appropriate solution equation, time-gate position and generation of initial values for numerical inversion. Measured data in the 1 - 6 GHz frequency range for sand with various volumetric moisture contents is compared with the dielectric model.","PeriodicalId":125872,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117128944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-17DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2014.6798940
G. Chaudhary, K. Singh, Anyaa Mittal, Neeru Sood
In the present study, nano mechanical resonator is used to detect different viruses. Biosensors have been designed using single walled Boron Nitrite Nanotube (SWBNNT) as a sensing material in terms of nanowire and micro cantilever. Here we have considered two approaches for sensing the biomolecules. First one is to calculate the change in resonance frequency of nanowire and second one is to calculate the bending deformation of micro cantilever in the measurable range. Resonance frequency shift of nanowire with and without virus has been calculated. Mass sensitivities of Boron Nitride nanowires are found to be more with increase in frequency shift.
{"title":"Design and simulation of nano-mechanical resonator for virus detection","authors":"G. Chaudhary, K. Singh, Anyaa Mittal, Neeru Sood","doi":"10.1109/SAS.2014.6798940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS.2014.6798940","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, nano mechanical resonator is used to detect different viruses. Biosensors have been designed using single walled Boron Nitrite Nanotube (SWBNNT) as a sensing material in terms of nanowire and micro cantilever. Here we have considered two approaches for sensing the biomolecules. First one is to calculate the change in resonance frequency of nanowire and second one is to calculate the bending deformation of micro cantilever in the measurable range. Resonance frequency shift of nanowire with and without virus has been calculated. Mass sensitivities of Boron Nitride nanowires are found to be more with increase in frequency shift.","PeriodicalId":125872,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122049373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-17DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2014.6798907
C. Baer, T. Musch, T. Jaeschke, N. Pohl
In this contribution a novel approach on the determination of gas concentration and pressure is presented. Dielectric mixing equations are shown that explain the relation of permittivity and gas concentration. By means of the mixing equation's edge case, an approximation for dielectric behavior of pure gas pressures is affiliated. A test container and a highly precise mmWave radar system enable the establishment of a fast and precise time domain measurement, named pseudo transmission measurement, for gas measuring tasks. Measurements that were performed on the test setup prove the suggested dielectric gas-theory and are discussed in detail.
{"title":"Contactless determination of gas concentration and pressure based on a low jitter mmWave FMCW radar","authors":"C. Baer, T. Musch, T. Jaeschke, N. Pohl","doi":"10.1109/SAS.2014.6798907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS.2014.6798907","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution a novel approach on the determination of gas concentration and pressure is presented. Dielectric mixing equations are shown that explain the relation of permittivity and gas concentration. By means of the mixing equation's edge case, an approximation for dielectric behavior of pure gas pressures is affiliated. A test container and a highly precise mmWave radar system enable the establishment of a fast and precise time domain measurement, named pseudo transmission measurement, for gas measuring tasks. Measurements that were performed on the test setup prove the suggested dielectric gas-theory and are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":125872,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129351957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-17DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2014.6798944
Jei Shian Tan, T. K. Chang, M. Ooi, Y. Kuang, Chee Pin Tan, T. Kitahashi
Zebrafish is a vertebrate animal used for spectral neurobehavioural studies due to its robust endocrine system. Such studies generate large amounts of video data, making it too time-consuming and exhausting for a human observer to manually log their behaviour. Thus, computer vision techniques must be applied. Unfortunately, current commercial software for fish observation were developed for analysis under normal incandescent lighting and sunlight, thus they fail to work for spectral studies whereby the incident light spectrum is changed. This research develops a fast and robust algorithm to detect and segment fish under different lighting spectrum and benchmarks it against a commercial off-the-shelf software.
{"title":"Fast and robust zebrafish segmentation and detection algorithm under different spectrum conditions","authors":"Jei Shian Tan, T. K. Chang, M. Ooi, Y. Kuang, Chee Pin Tan, T. Kitahashi","doi":"10.1109/SAS.2014.6798944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS.2014.6798944","url":null,"abstract":"Zebrafish is a vertebrate animal used for spectral neurobehavioural studies due to its robust endocrine system. Such studies generate large amounts of video data, making it too time-consuming and exhausting for a human observer to manually log their behaviour. Thus, computer vision techniques must be applied. Unfortunately, current commercial software for fish observation were developed for analysis under normal incandescent lighting and sunlight, thus they fail to work for spectral studies whereby the incident light spectrum is changed. This research develops a fast and robust algorithm to detect and segment fish under different lighting spectrum and benchmarks it against a commercial off-the-shelf software.","PeriodicalId":125872,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134179132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-17DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2014.6798905
S. S. Tiang, M. S. Hathal, N. S. N. Anwar, M. F. Ain, M. Abdullah
A novel ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna oriented for imaging cancerous cells in human breast is proposed. Fed by 50 Ω microstrip line, the proposed design features a p-shaped wide-slot and printed on PCB substrate of size of 16 mm × 16 mm. This design is optimized resulting in an improved array ability and wideband characteristics. The image reconstruction is performed using the enhanced version of the delay-and-sum algorithm, from which the cross-sectional image depicting the permittivity distributions in heterogeneous breast is produced.
{"title":"Wide-slot antenna for breast imaging applications","authors":"S. S. Tiang, M. S. Hathal, N. S. N. Anwar, M. F. Ain, M. Abdullah","doi":"10.1109/SAS.2014.6798905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS.2014.6798905","url":null,"abstract":"A novel ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna oriented for imaging cancerous cells in human breast is proposed. Fed by 50 Ω microstrip line, the proposed design features a p-shaped wide-slot and printed on PCB substrate of size of 16 mm × 16 mm. This design is optimized resulting in an improved array ability and wideband characteristics. The image reconstruction is performed using the enhanced version of the delay-and-sum algorithm, from which the cross-sectional image depicting the permittivity distributions in heterogeneous breast is produced.","PeriodicalId":125872,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129385629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-17DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2014.6798906
E. Porter, A. Santorelli, M. Popovic
In this work, we evaluate the measurement uncertainty and its consequences on a time-domain microwave breast imaging system. Our radar system contains a 16-element multistatic sensor array, and is used to generate microwave images of the breast using a differential method. We examine, for the first time with such a system, uncertainty due to sources of horizontal and vertical noise individually and together to determine their impact on image quality and tumor detection. It is found that for a time-domain radar system using differential imaging, horizontal noise is significantly more detrimental than vertical noise, and must be compensated for in order to have successful imaging of breast tumors. We show an example of a reconstructed breast image before and after compensation for both types of noise and highlight the necessity of such compensation.
{"title":"Measurement uncertainties in differential radar applied to breast imaging","authors":"E. Porter, A. Santorelli, M. Popovic","doi":"10.1109/SAS.2014.6798906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS.2014.6798906","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we evaluate the measurement uncertainty and its consequences on a time-domain microwave breast imaging system. Our radar system contains a 16-element multistatic sensor array, and is used to generate microwave images of the breast using a differential method. We examine, for the first time with such a system, uncertainty due to sources of horizontal and vertical noise individually and together to determine their impact on image quality and tumor detection. It is found that for a time-domain radar system using differential imaging, horizontal noise is significantly more detrimental than vertical noise, and must be compensated for in order to have successful imaging of breast tumors. We show an example of a reconstructed breast image before and after compensation for both types of noise and highlight the necessity of such compensation.","PeriodicalId":125872,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114924592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-17DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2014.6798946
N. M. Duong, M. Chew, S. Demidenko, Quoc Hung Pham, Dang Khoa Pham, M. Ooi, Y. Kuang
This paper presents a low cost automatic inspection system aimed at monitoring of the quality of pharmaceutical products on a production line. The system is built around a smart camera and custom designed LabVIEW based software. It is capable of detecting multiple defects of various types.
{"title":"Vision inspection system for pharmaceuticals","authors":"N. M. Duong, M. Chew, S. Demidenko, Quoc Hung Pham, Dang Khoa Pham, M. Ooi, Y. Kuang","doi":"10.1109/SAS.2014.6798946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS.2014.6798946","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a low cost automatic inspection system aimed at monitoring of the quality of pharmaceutical products on a production line. The system is built around a smart camera and custom designed LabVIEW based software. It is capable of detecting multiple defects of various types.","PeriodicalId":125872,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115085295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-17DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2014.6798933
Philip Diefenderfer, P. Jansson
As we continue to push the limits of technology further, our power grid is struggling to keep up with the technological advances. This project is about the design and implementation of a residential microgrid which is the future of smart grid technology. By definition, a microgrid has generation resources and loads which will need to be balanced using power sensors and load management in order to ensure stable operation. Using Power Line Communications, this project will implement a smart metering infrastructure to allow for remote observation of the sensors and controls. Combining the power sensor networking infrastructure with a PV array and a Natural Gas Generator will give this microgrid smart controls that can respond to both the RTP market and both changing power grid and environmental conditions based on user set parameters and system sensors. Finally, this system will be introduced to an existing home to aid the homeowner in the identification of large drains of power using the power sensors in the home, monitor environmental conditions in the home through environmental sensors, and control both electrical loads and generation resources to lower energy costs and waste while being able utilize excess energy to back feed the power grid.
{"title":"Power sensor applications in a load management network for a residential microgrid","authors":"Philip Diefenderfer, P. Jansson","doi":"10.1109/SAS.2014.6798933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS.2014.6798933","url":null,"abstract":"As we continue to push the limits of technology further, our power grid is struggling to keep up with the technological advances. This project is about the design and implementation of a residential microgrid which is the future of smart grid technology. By definition, a microgrid has generation resources and loads which will need to be balanced using power sensors and load management in order to ensure stable operation. Using Power Line Communications, this project will implement a smart metering infrastructure to allow for remote observation of the sensors and controls. Combining the power sensor networking infrastructure with a PV array and a Natural Gas Generator will give this microgrid smart controls that can respond to both the RTP market and both changing power grid and environmental conditions based on user set parameters and system sensors. Finally, this system will be introduced to an existing home to aid the homeowner in the identification of large drains of power using the power sensors in the home, monitor environmental conditions in the home through environmental sensors, and control both electrical loads and generation resources to lower energy costs and waste while being able utilize excess energy to back feed the power grid.","PeriodicalId":125872,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122066958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-17DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2014.6798915
M. Vodel, René Bergelt, W. Hardt
During the last decade, energy efficiency became one of the most challenging research fields in the IT domain. After optimising large-scaled hardware infrastructures, e.g. computing centres or server clusters, nowadays the focus has changed rapidly. Current R&D projects deal with two major areas. On the one hand embedded, energy self-sufficient system architectures and on the other hand wireless communication technologies to enable mobile operation. Due to strongly limited energy resources within these platforms, the system runtime represents a critical parameter. Especially in case of cooperative scenarios with multiple systems in a distributed environment, efficient communication features and the availability of all systems are essential to ensure a robust operation. Accordingly, optimisation strategies are necessary to prolong the runtime and to improve the communication behaviour. In this paper, we critically discuss energy efficiency in distributed, embedded systems with focus on the communication aspects. We introduce an easy to use estimation model as well as the respective cost functions for quantifying the energy efficiency. In this context, we evaluate several optimisation strategies on different abstraction layers regarding their energy efficiency and their impact on the communication behaviour. We analyse wake-up receiver technologies as well as a modern data aggregation approach - PLANetary. The implemented real-world test scenario represents a wireless network topology with specific, wake-up receiver enabled hardware platforms. The results clarify, that if the configuration scheme fits to the environmental conditions, significant improvements of the energy efficiency are possible.
{"title":"Modelling, quantification, optimisation - energy efficiency in distributed, embedded systems","authors":"M. Vodel, René Bergelt, W. Hardt","doi":"10.1109/SAS.2014.6798915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS.2014.6798915","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade, energy efficiency became one of the most challenging research fields in the IT domain. After optimising large-scaled hardware infrastructures, e.g. computing centres or server clusters, nowadays the focus has changed rapidly. Current R&D projects deal with two major areas. On the one hand embedded, energy self-sufficient system architectures and on the other hand wireless communication technologies to enable mobile operation. Due to strongly limited energy resources within these platforms, the system runtime represents a critical parameter. Especially in case of cooperative scenarios with multiple systems in a distributed environment, efficient communication features and the availability of all systems are essential to ensure a robust operation. Accordingly, optimisation strategies are necessary to prolong the runtime and to improve the communication behaviour. In this paper, we critically discuss energy efficiency in distributed, embedded systems with focus on the communication aspects. We introduce an easy to use estimation model as well as the respective cost functions for quantifying the energy efficiency. In this context, we evaluate several optimisation strategies on different abstraction layers regarding their energy efficiency and their impact on the communication behaviour. We analyse wake-up receiver technologies as well as a modern data aggregation approach - PLANetary. The implemented real-world test scenario represents a wireless network topology with specific, wake-up receiver enabled hardware platforms. The results clarify, that if the configuration scheme fits to the environmental conditions, significant improvements of the energy efficiency are possible.","PeriodicalId":125872,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123412824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-17DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2014.6798974
Supamit Jankoo, P. Champrasert, Benya Suntaranont
This paper proposes an adaptable flash flood monitoring station, called (MixKey). MixKeys have been designed, implemented, and installed on the target area. In order to efficiently operate under the real environmental conditions, fuzzy logic control mechanism has been applied to the design. This makes MixKey to automatically adapt its operation parameters (e.g., data transmission rate and electric power source) against the environmental condition changes. The results show that the fuzzy logic control mechanism contributes to reduce the RMS Error of the sensing data to the real-time environmental data with efficient battery consumption.
{"title":"Fuzzy logic control mechanism for flash flood monitoring station","authors":"Supamit Jankoo, P. Champrasert, Benya Suntaranont","doi":"10.1109/SAS.2014.6798974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS.2014.6798974","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an adaptable flash flood monitoring station, called (MixKey). MixKeys have been designed, implemented, and installed on the target area. In order to efficiently operate under the real environmental conditions, fuzzy logic control mechanism has been applied to the design. This makes MixKey to automatically adapt its operation parameters (e.g., data transmission rate and electric power source) against the environmental condition changes. The results show that the fuzzy logic control mechanism contributes to reduce the RMS Error of the sensing data to the real-time environmental data with efficient battery consumption.","PeriodicalId":125872,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126257029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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