Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) occurs in groundwater in various lithostratigraphic units of the Zechstein Basin in the Legnica-Głogów Copper Basin (SW Poland). This region is located in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline within which, several tens of kilometres NE of the study area, at greater depths, natural gas fields with hydrogen sulphide (H2S) occur. The Main Dolomite (Ca2), in which H2S-containing natural gas has accumulated, is younger than the Zechstein Limestone (Ca1), which is actively mined. The Ca2 and Ca1 formations are separated by a thick anhydrite succession including a wedge-shaped salt body. Hydrochemical analyses of 18 groundwater samples taken from different horizons within the Zechstein strata showed spatial variability ofH2S and chloride concentrations. A conceptual model of groundwater flow with dissolved H2S in the Zechstein formations was developed. H2S migration is associated with groundwater flow between the Ca2 and Ca1 aquifers through fissures in the anhydrite strata that separate them. Hydraulic contact through fissures in the anhydrite layers is the result of long-term exploitation of the underground copper deposit. Groundwater flow between the layers is influenced by a large change in the piezometric pressure of the groundwater in the depression cone caused by mining drainage.
{"title":"Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) migration in groundwater of the Zechstein strata in the Legnica-Głogów Copper Basin and its vicinity, SW Poland","authors":"Robert Duda, Elżbieta Bilkiewicz, Roman Becker","doi":"10.7306/gq.1709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1709","url":null,"abstract":"<p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Hydrogen sulphide (H<sub>2</sub>S) occurs in groundwater in various lithostratigraphic units of the Zechstein Basin in the Legnica-Głogów Copper Basin (SW Poland). This region is located in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline within which, several tens of kilometres NE of the study area, at greater depths, natural gas fields with hydrogen sulphide (H<sub>2</sub>S) occur. The Main Dolomite (Ca2), in which H2S-containing natural gas has accumulated, is younger than the Zechstein Limestone (Ca1), which is actively mined. The Ca2 and Ca1 formations are separated by a thick anhydrite succession including a wedge-shaped salt body. Hydrochemical analyses of 18 groundwater samples taken from different horizons within the Zechstein strata showed spatial variability ofH<sub>2</sub>S and chloride concentrations. A conceptual model of groundwater flow with dissolved H2S in the Zechstein formations was developed. H<sub>2</sub>S migration is associated with groundwater flow between the Ca2 and Ca1 aquifers through fissures in the anhydrite strata that separate them. Hydraulic contact through fissures in the anhydrite layers is the result of long-term exploitation of the underground copper deposit. Groundwater flow between the layers is influenced by a large change in the piezometric pressure of the groundwater in the depression cone caused by mining drainage.</p>","PeriodicalId":12587,"journal":{"name":"Geological Quarterly","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transboundary hydrogeological units between Poland and Ukraine within the Bug and San River basins are identified, based on harmonized geological and hydrogeological data used for development of a numerical simulation of groundwater flows across the state border. This numerical model shows that the cross-border exchange of groundwater in aquifers takes place in a limited area and the flow pattern can be disturbed by the groundwater exploitation. Abstraction at current levels slightly increases the transboundary groundwater flow from Poland to Ukraine and minimally reduces the flow in the opposite direction, though not reversing the direction of water flow at the border. The simulated drawdowns do not have a transboundary range, but negative effects on surface water resources are noticeable. Estimates show that groundwater runoff to rivers decreased and infiltration losses through the riverbed increased. The quantitative status of the transboundary aquifers has not deteriorated significantly under the current exploitation but in the light of ambitious maximum allowable values for water abstraction, and in the absence of joint resource management, this problem will arise in the near future. Joint management should focus on a broader legal consensus, improvement of institutional relations, and integration of monitoring and groundwater status assessment systems.
{"title":"The importance of transboundary aquifer management between Poland and Ukraine for the protection of common water","authors":"Tatiana Solovey, Rafał Janica, Vasyl Harasymchuk, Małgorzata Przychodzka, Halyna Medvid, Liubov Yanush","doi":"10.7306/gq.1703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1703","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transboundary hydrogeological units between Poland and Ukraine within the Bug and San River basins are identified, based on harmonized geological and hydrogeological data used for development of a numerical simulation of groundwater flows across the state border. This numerical model shows that the cross-border exchange of groundwater in aquifers takes place in a limited area and the flow pattern can be disturbed by the groundwater exploitation. Abstraction at current levels slightly increases the transboundary groundwater flow from Poland to Ukraine and minimally reduces the flow in the opposite direction, though not reversing the direction of water flow at the border. The simulated drawdowns do not have a transboundary range, but negative effects on surface water resources are noticeable. Estimates show that groundwater runoff to rivers decreased and infiltration losses through the riverbed increased. The quantitative status of the transboundary aquifers has not deteriorated significantly under the current exploitation but in the light of ambitious maximum allowable values for water abstraction, and in the absence of joint resource management, this problem will arise in the near future. Joint management should focus on a broader legal consensus, improvement of institutional relations, and integration of monitoring and groundwater status assessment systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12587,"journal":{"name":"Geological Quarterly","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mostapha Benzina, Małgorzata Pisarska-Jamroży, Hakim Hebib
The wide variety of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) developed within deposits of the same age may hinder the interpretation of their origin. Some types of SSDS may appear similar though have different trigger mechanisms, while others may result from a specific mechanism. Furthermore, the development of particular SSDS may be influenced by several synchronous or semi-synchronous factors. This study deals with the recognition of SSDS trigger mechanisms with respect to lithological and deformational features of the deposits concerned. Turbidite deposits of late Neogene age in the Hadjret El Gat area (Tafna Basin) contain different types of SSDS associated with (1) slope processes (e.g., slump folds) and induced overburden pressure, coupled with broken beds and overloading structures, and (2) liquefaction and fluidisation phenomena, leading to the development of load structures, ball-and-pillow structures, water-escape structures and syndepositional faults. These two mechanisms of SSDS formation in the study area are thought to result from seismically-induced triggers. Recognition of a vertically-repeated, sandwich-like arrangement of deformed and undeformed layers along with the SSDS features ("trapped" within beds) suggests that these internally-deformed beds are seismites, the first recognized in the Tafna Basin of NW Algeria. Large earthquakes may trigger seismic waves energetic enough to deform strata and induce the development of SSDS. This hypothesis is supported here by tectonic evidence, given deposition of the Tafna Basin strata in the convergence zone between Africa and Eurasia, active since the late Neogene.
在同一时代的沉积物中发育的各种各样的软沉积变形构造(SSDS)可能会阻碍其起源的解释。有些类型的ssd可能看起来很相似，但有不同的触发机制，而其他类型的ssd可能是由特定的机制引起的。此外，特定固态硬盘的发展可能受到几个同步或半同步因素的影响。本研究从矿床的岩性和变形特征出发，探讨了SSDS的触发机制。新近纪晚期hajret El Gat地区(Tafna盆地)浊积岩沉积中存在不同类型的SSDS，主要与(1)斜坡作用(如滑塌褶皱)和诱导上覆压力，以及破碎层和超载构造相结合;(2)液化和流化现象相结合，导致了荷载构造、球枕构造、泄水构造和同沉积断裂的发育。研究区这两种SSDS形成机制被认为是地震诱发的结果。识别出垂直重复的、三明治状的变形层和未变形层排列以及SSDS特征(“被困”在层内)表明，这些内部变形的层是震积岩，这是在阿尔及利亚西北部的塔夫纳盆地首次发现的。大地震可能引发能量足够大的地震波，使地层变形并诱发SSDS的发展。这一假设得到了构造证据的支持，因为塔夫纳盆地地层沉积在非洲和欧亚大陆之间的辐合带，活动于晚新近纪。
{"title":"Record of Late Neogene seismites in turbidite deposits of the Tafna Basin (NW Algeria)","authors":"Mostapha Benzina, Małgorzata Pisarska-Jamroży, Hakim Hebib","doi":"10.7306/gq.1696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1696","url":null,"abstract":"The wide variety of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) developed within deposits of the same age may hinder the interpretation of their origin. Some types of SSDS may appear similar though have different trigger mechanisms, while others may result from a specific mechanism. Furthermore, the development of particular SSDS may be influenced by several synchronous or semi-synchronous factors. This study deals with the recognition of SSDS trigger mechanisms with respect to lithological and deformational features of the deposits concerned. Turbidite deposits of late Neogene age in the Hadjret El Gat area (Tafna Basin) contain different types of SSDS associated with (1) slope processes (e.g., slump folds) and induced overburden pressure, coupled with broken beds and overloading structures, and (2) liquefaction and fluidisation phenomena, leading to the development of load structures, ball-and-pillow structures, water-escape structures and syndepositional faults. These two mechanisms of SSDS formation in the study area are thought to result from seismically-induced triggers. Recognition of a vertically-repeated, sandwich-like arrangement of deformed and undeformed layers along with the SSDS features (\"trapped\" within beds) suggests that these internally-deformed beds are seismites, the first recognized in the Tafna Basin of NW Algeria. Large earthquakes may trigger seismic waves energetic enough to deform strata and induce the development of SSDS. This hypothesis is supported here by tectonic evidence, given deposition of the Tafna Basin strata in the convergence zone between Africa and Eurasia, active since the late Neogene.<br /><br />","PeriodicalId":12587,"journal":{"name":"Geological Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamil Kultys, Dorota Brzozowicz, Danuta Drzymulska, Marcin Szymanek, Joanna Mirosław-Grabowska, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Marcin Żarski
A new site of Eemian organogenic deposits in S3up (central Poland) has revealed an intermittent record of several phases within this interglacial. Pollen based studies of the core S3-19, drilled at the littoral zone of the palaeolake, indicated the absence of the E2, E3, E6 and an incomplete record of the E4 and E5 zones of the typical pollen succession. Results of other proxies (plant macrofossils, Cladocera, molluscs, NPPs, isotopes) supported the conclusions derived from the pollen diagram regarding the high humidity and lake water level during the E4 (Corylus-Quercus-Tilia) phase and at the beginning of the E5 (Carpinus-Corylus-Alnus) phase, when the fossil lake was most extensive. Thus, the lack of a record of the E3 and E4 RPAZs was associated with water level lowering and a less humid climate. The results stand in agreement with several other Eemian records from central Poland.
{"title":"Does the multi-proxy Eemian record from the Słup site (central Poland) indicate a more humid climate at the beginning of the hornbeam phase?","authors":"Kamil Kultys, Dorota Brzozowicz, Danuta Drzymulska, Marcin Szymanek, Joanna Mirosław-Grabowska, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Marcin Żarski","doi":"10.7306/gq.1694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><sup> A new site of Eemian organogenic deposits in S3up (central Poland) has revealed an intermittent record of several phases within this interglacial. Pollen based studies of the core S3-19, drilled at the littoral zone of the palaeolake, indicated the absence of the E2, E3, E6 and an incomplete record of the E4 and E5 zones of the typical pollen succession. Results of other proxies (plant macrofossils, Cladocera, molluscs, NPPs, isotopes) supported the conclusions derived from the pollen diagram regarding the high humidity and lake water level during the E4 (Corylus-Quercus-Tilia) phase and at the beginning of the E5 (Carpinus-Corylus-Alnus) phase, when the fossil lake was most extensive. Thus, the lack of a record of the E3 and E4 RPAZs was associated with water level lowering and a less humid climate. The results stand in agreement with several other Eemian records from central Poland. <br /><br /></sup></p>","PeriodicalId":12587,"journal":{"name":"Geological Quarterly","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kacper Muszyński, Jaroslav Pršek, Sławomir Mederski, Aneta Drzymała
Chełmiec is a hydrothermal vein-type carbonate-sulphide deposit in the Kaczawa Mountains, where polymetallic Cu-Ni±Co±Ag±Bi mineralization occurs. Samples, collected from an old dump of the Hintermühlergang vein, were studied by reflected light microscopy and electron microprobe. Two mineral parageneses, Ni-Co±Bi and Cu-Zn-Pb±Sb±Ag, associated with two stages of precipitation, were discovered in samples from the Chełmiec deposit. The first stage is associated with quartz, and is represented by pyrite, arsenopyrite, gersdorffite, cobaltite, bismuth minerals (native Bi, bismuthinite, and matildite), pyrrhotite, marcasite and chalcopyrite. The second stage associated with siderite and quartz is represented by sulphides (sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite), tetrahedrite group minerals [tetrahedrite-(Fe), tetrahedrite-(Zn), tennantite-(Zn), and argentotetrahedrite-(Fe)], gersdorffite and bournonite. Two generations of sulpharsenides were discovered in the samples studied. The first is represented by massive gersdorffite-cobaltite aggregates, the second generation occurs as tiny zoned gersdorffite crystals. Sulpharsenides are characterized locally by presence of high amounts of As (up to 1.55 apfu). Silver in the Chełmiec ores is hosted mainly in tetrahedrite group minerals [from 0.07 to 2.07 apfu in tetrahedrite – (Zn) and -(Fe), and from 4.37 to 4.90 apfu in argentotetrahedrite-(Fe)], less in matildite. In the Sudetes, the presence of massive sulpharsenides is rare, whereas freibergite is much more common.
{"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of Cu-Ni±Co±Ag±Bi polymetallic ores from the Hintermühlergang vein in the Chełmiec deposit, Sudetes Mountains, Poland","authors":"Kacper Muszyński, Jaroslav Pršek, Sławomir Mederski, Aneta Drzymała","doi":"10.7306/gq.1708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1708","url":null,"abstract":"Chełmiec is a hydrothermal vein-type carbonate-sulphide deposit in the Kaczawa Mountains, where polymetallic Cu-Ni±Co±Ag±Bi mineralization occurs. Samples, collected from an old dump of the Hintermühlergang vein, were studied by reflected light microscopy and electron microprobe. Two mineral parageneses, Ni-Co±Bi and Cu-Zn-Pb±Sb±Ag, associated with two stages of precipitation, were discovered in samples from the Chełmiec deposit. The first stage is associated with quartz, and is represented by pyrite, arsenopyrite, gersdorffite, cobaltite, bismuth minerals (native Bi, bismuthinite, and matildite), pyrrhotite, marcasite and chalcopyrite. The second stage associated with siderite and quartz is represented by sulphides (sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite), tetrahedrite group minerals [tetrahedrite-(Fe), tetrahedrite-(Zn), tennantite-(Zn), and argentotetrahedrite-(Fe)], gersdorffite and bournonite. Two generations of sulpharsenides were discovered in the samples studied. The first is represented by massive gersdorffite-cobaltite aggregates, the second generation occurs as tiny zoned gersdorffite crystals. Sulpharsenides are characterized locally by presence of high amounts of As (up to 1.55 <em>apfu</em>). Silver in the Chełmiec ores is hosted mainly in tetrahedrite group minerals [from 0.07 to 2.07 <em>apfu</em> in tetrahedrite – (Zn) and -(Fe), and from 4.37 to 4.90 <em>apfu</em> in argentotetrahedrite-(Fe)], less in matildite. In the Sudetes, the presence of massive sulpharsenides is rare, whereas freibergite is much more common.<br /><br />","PeriodicalId":12587,"journal":{"name":"Geological Quarterly","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Małgorzata Nita, Jerzy Nita, Viacheslav Andreychouk, Urszula Myga-Piątek
The scarcity of Scandinavian rock fragments in glaciogenic deposits and lack of well-preserved glacial accumulation forms make it difficult to determine the maximum extent of the Odranian ice sheet in the area of the Częstochowa Upland, the Woźniki-Wieluń Upland and the Silesian Upland. While the glaciogenic deposits only contain a small admixture of Scandinavian rocks, they have been enriched with local flints and gravels that are undoubtedly related to glacial transport. The distribution of flint debris suggests that within these areas, the Odranian ice sheet reached farther south than previously assumed. This question has been analysed again on the basis of archival materials, new publications and the results of field research (studies of the distribution of flints, the Połomia gravels, siderite clasts and roches moutonnées. The use of methods based on 3D visualizations via digital terrain models (DTMs) has proven very useful. Moreover, the use of computer methods (GIS) in conjunction with field surveys made it possible to delineate the Odranian Glaciation boundary more precisely in the study area. The study indicated the important role of local material for inferring the maximum extent of Pleistocene glaciations. This is particularly important in areas where typical forms of glacial accumulation have not been preserved.
{"title":"Extent of the Odranian Glaciation in the Silesian-Kraków Upland","authors":"Małgorzata Nita, Jerzy Nita, Viacheslav Andreychouk, Urszula Myga-Piątek","doi":"10.7306/gq.1700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1700","url":null,"abstract":"<span lang=\"EN\">The scarcity of Scandinavian rock fragments in glaciogenic deposits and lack of well-preserved glacial accumulation forms make it difficult to determine the maximum extent of the Odranian ice sheet in the area of the Częstochowa Upland, the Woźniki-Wieluń Upland and the Silesian Upland. While the glaciogenic deposits only contain a small admixture of Scandinavian rocks, they have been enriched with local flints and gravels that are undoubtedly related to glacial transport. The distribution of flint debris suggests that within these areas, the Odranian ice sheet reached farther south than previously assumed. This question has been analysed again on the basis of archival materials, new publications and the results of field research (studies of the distribution of flints, the Połomia gravels, siderite clasts and roches moutonnées. The use of methods based on 3D visualizations via digital terrain models (DTMs) has proven very useful. Moreover, the use of computer methods (GIS) in conjunction with field surveys made it possible to delineate the Odranian Glaciation boundary more precisely in the study area. The study indicated the important role of local material for inferring the maximum extent of Pleistocene glaciations. This is particularly important in areas where typical forms of glacial accumulation have not been preserved.</span>","PeriodicalId":12587,"journal":{"name":"Geological Quarterly","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Łukasz KRUSZEWSKI, Monika KISIEL, Marta WOJEWÓDKA-PRZYBYŁ, Jacek STIENSS
We describe new data constraining patterns of interaction of soils and vegetation in post-coal-mining and post-smelting waste heaps of Upper Silesia. Mosses show the highest levels of many elements. We use 3 standard bioconcentration indices to show directions of transfer of both trace and major elements (53 in soils, 37 in plants) in particular plant organs. Solanum nigrum around organic- and S-rich fumaroles of the “Ruda” heap (Zabrze) shows 36 indices with values ≥2 (31-element basis) suggesting the largest hyperaccumulation potential (HP), especially of Cd, Mo, Sr, Zn, Mn and Au; also Hg, U, Al, Ti, Fe, Cu, Au and few others. Verbascum (4 specimens) shows HP for Tl, Sb, Cd and Sr. It is the major scavenger of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ga, As, Hg, P and Bi, and occasionally of B, Hg, Au and Te. Crepis mollis shows evident affinity for W and Au, and Solidago gigantea for Ag. Anomalies of W are also present in mosses (2 specimens) and a grass, and of Au in one moss, Tussilago farfara and Eupatorium cannabinum . Most elements are transferred to leaves, with the partial exception of Cd and Tl. Variable behaviour is found for Cd, Tl, Cu, Se, Sr, Mo; Cu, Zn, B and W.
我们描述了上西里西亚采煤后和冶炼后废渣堆中土壤与植被相互作用的新数据约束模式。苔藓显示了许多元素的最高含量。我们使用3个标准的生物浓度指数来显示微量元素和主要元素(53在土壤中，37在植物中)在特定植物器官中的转移方向。“鲁达”堆(Zabrze)富有机质和富s喷气孔周围的黑茄有36个指数≥2(31元素基数)，表明其超富集潜力最大，特别是Cd、Mo、Sr、Zn、Mn和Au;还有Hg, U, Al, Ti, Fe, Cu, Au等。Verbascum(4个样品)对Tl、Sb、Cd和sr表现出HP，是V、Cr、Co、Ni、Ga、As、Hg、P和Bi的主要清除剂，偶有B、Hg、Au和Te的清除剂。褐皮草对W和Au有明显的亲和力，金凤花对Ag有明显的亲和力。W在苔藓(2个标本)和一种草中也存在异常，Au在一种苔藓(Tussilago farfara和Eupatorium cannabinum)中也存在异常。除了Cd和Tl的部分例外，大多数元素转移到叶片中。Cd、Tl、Cu、Se、Sr、Mo的行为是可变的;铜，锌，B和W。
{"title":"Element transfer at the soil-plant interface and accumulation strategies of vegetation overgrowing mining waste dumps in the Upper Silesia area (Poland)","authors":"Łukasz KRUSZEWSKI, Monika KISIEL, Marta WOJEWÓDKA-PRZYBYŁ, Jacek STIENSS","doi":"10.7306/gq.1710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1710","url":null,"abstract":"We describe new data constraining patterns of interaction of soils and vegetation in post-coal-mining and post-smelting waste heaps of Upper Silesia. Mosses show the highest levels of many elements. We use 3 standard bioconcentration indices to show directions of transfer of both trace and major elements (53 in soils, 37 in plants) in particular plant organs. Solanum nigrum around organic- and S-rich fumaroles of the “Ruda” heap (Zabrze) shows 36 indices with values ≥2 (31-element basis) suggesting the largest hyperaccumulation potential (HP), especially of Cd, Mo, Sr, Zn, Mn and Au; also Hg, U, Al, Ti, Fe, Cu, Au and few others. Verbascum (4 specimens) shows HP for Tl, Sb, Cd and Sr. It is the major scavenger of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ga, As, Hg, P and Bi, and occasionally of B, Hg, Au and Te. Crepis mollis shows evident affinity for W and Au, and Solidago gigantea for Ag. Anomalies of W are also present in mosses (2 specimens) and a grass, and of Au in one moss, Tussilago farfara and Eupatorium cannabinum . Most elements are transferred to leaves, with the partial exception of Cd and Tl. Variable behaviour is found for Cd, Tl, Cu, Se, Sr, Mo; Cu, Zn, B and W.","PeriodicalId":12587,"journal":{"name":"Geological Quarterly","volume":"7 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136283976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paweł H. KARNKOWSKI, Anna POSZYTEK, Katarzyna DELURA, Anna CZARNECKA-SKWAREK, Krzysztof CZURYŁOWICZ
The Polish Basin is located between the Precambrian East-European Platform and the Cadomian Bohemian and Małopolska massifs. The basement of this Permian-Mesozoic basin comprises mainly Variscides and epi-Caledonian Paleozoic rocks. In the proximal (NE) part of the basin, the Mid-Polish Trough is distinguished. In the distal (SW) part, the thickness of the Permian-Mesozoic succession is much smaller than in the Polish Trough. Palaeorift zones were active from the Permian to the end of the Jurassic in the distal part of this basin. The Kupferschiefer mineral system indicates a palaeorift zone and smaller hot spots as sources of supply of metalliferous brines. The relatively small thickness of the Rotliegend sandstones and their good permeability and porosity properties created very favourable routes for the migration of metal-bearing brines. The entire Kupferschiefer polymetallic reservoir is regionally sealed by anhydrites and salts of the Werra cyclothem. This was inclined constantly from Permian times onwards to the north, favouring the migration of polymetallic brines from rift zones to geochemical reservoir traps. Mineral system analysis of the polymetallic Kupferschiefer deposits shows that the geotectonic setting of this zone relates only to the distal part of the Polish asymmetric rift basin.
{"title":"Geotectonic setting of Permian polymetallic deposits in the Polish Basin","authors":"Paweł H. KARNKOWSKI, Anna POSZYTEK, Katarzyna DELURA, Anna CZARNECKA-SKWAREK, Krzysztof CZURYŁOWICZ","doi":"10.7306/gq.1704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1704","url":null,"abstract":"The Polish Basin is located between the Precambrian East-European Platform and the Cadomian Bohemian and Małopolska massifs. The basement of this Permian-Mesozoic basin comprises mainly Variscides and epi-Caledonian Paleozoic rocks. In the proximal (NE) part of the basin, the Mid-Polish Trough is distinguished. In the distal (SW) part, the thickness of the Permian-Mesozoic succession is much smaller than in the Polish Trough. Palaeorift zones were active from the Permian to the end of the Jurassic in the distal part of this basin. The Kupferschiefer mineral system indicates a palaeorift zone and smaller hot spots as sources of supply of metalliferous brines. The relatively small thickness of the Rotliegend sandstones and their good permeability and porosity properties created very favourable routes for the migration of metal-bearing brines. The entire Kupferschiefer polymetallic reservoir is regionally sealed by anhydrites and salts of the Werra cyclothem. This was inclined constantly from Permian times onwards to the north, favouring the migration of polymetallic brines from rift zones to geochemical reservoir traps. Mineral system analysis of the polymetallic Kupferschiefer deposits shows that the geotectonic setting of this zone relates only to the distal part of the Polish asymmetric rift basin.","PeriodicalId":12587,"journal":{"name":"Geological Quarterly","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-perennial to ephemeral fluvial systems dominated by seasonal discharge fluctuations and episodic rapid flood-flow events are typical of arid to semi-arid climatic conditions. Dryland fluvial systems have been described from many ancient and modern, predominantly tectonically-controlled sedimentary basins across the globe. This study provides detailed sedimentological analysis and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the lowermost part of the early Permian (?Asselian) Krajanów Formation exposed within the continental, fault-bounded Intra-Sudetic Basin (ISB), located on the NE periphery of Bohemian Massif. High-resolution sedimentological logging and facies analysis indicate that the early Permian fluvial system in this area was dominated by ephemeral fluvial processes influenced strongly by a semi-arid to arid climate. Rapid (?catastrophic) flood events led to episodic sedimentation of vertically and laterally amalgamated fluvial channel infills, with abundant upper flow regime structures as well as poorly channelized, laterally extensive sheet-like bodies of sandstone. The overbank deposits are poorly preserved due to frequent lateral shifting of the channels. Soft-sediment deformation structures formed due to events of river bank collapse as well as debris flow facies point to high-energy, waning flows. It is concluded that deposition occurred on broad, terminal-type alluvial fans, probably in their proximal- to medial segments within a distributive fluvial system of the Permian Intra-Sudetic Basin. Petrographic composition and measured palaeocurrent directions show that the sediment was sourced from the neighbouring massifs – the Sowie Mts. Massif to the east, the Bardo Structure and a hypothetical Southern Massif to the south/south-east.
{"title":"Development of a non-perennial to ephemeral fluvial system in continental fault-bounded basin – an example from the early Permian Krajanów Formation of the Intra-Sudetic Basin (NE Bohemian Massif)","authors":"Aleksander KOWALSKI, Magdalena FURCA","doi":"10.7306/gq.1701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1701","url":null,"abstract":"Non-perennial to ephemeral fluvial systems dominated by seasonal discharge fluctuations and episodic rapid flood-flow events are typical of arid to semi-arid climatic conditions. Dryland fluvial systems have been described from many ancient and modern, predominantly tectonically-controlled sedimentary basins across the globe. This study provides detailed sedimentological analysis and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the lowermost part of the early Permian (?Asselian) Krajanów Formation exposed within the continental, fault-bounded Intra-Sudetic Basin (ISB), located on the NE periphery of Bohemian Massif. High-resolution sedimentological logging and facies analysis indicate that the early Permian fluvial system in this area was dominated by ephemeral fluvial processes influenced strongly by a semi-arid to arid climate. Rapid (?catastrophic) flood events led to episodic sedimentation of vertically and laterally amalgamated fluvial channel infills, with abundant upper flow regime structures as well as poorly channelized, laterally extensive sheet-like bodies of sandstone. The overbank deposits are poorly preserved due to frequent lateral shifting of the channels. Soft-sediment deformation structures formed due to events of river bank collapse as well as debris flow facies point to high-energy, waning flows. It is concluded that deposition occurred on broad, terminal-type alluvial fans, probably in their proximal- to medial segments within a distributive fluvial system of the Permian Intra-Sudetic Basin. Petrographic composition and measured palaeocurrent directions show that the sediment was sourced from the neighbouring massifs – the Sowie Mts. Massif to the east, the Bardo Structure and a hypothetical Southern Massif to the south/south-east.","PeriodicalId":12587,"journal":{"name":"Geological Quarterly","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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