Muhammad Rashid, Younas Rehman, M. Usman, M. Younas, M. Bilal, M. Jamil, Amanullah Khan, Zeeshan Khan, Abdul Wahid, Najeeb Ullah, Hayat Ullah, Zohaib Khan Afridi, Asghar Khan, Asad Ullah
Background: Leishmaniasis is not an uncommon tropical disease. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is its most common form. The objectives of our study were to determine the distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis by sex, age groups and residence in year 2020 in cutaneous leishmaniasis population of District D.I.Khan, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from January 1, 2021 to January 23, 2021. The data for cutaneous leishmaniasis was retrieved from District Health Office, D.I.Khan for year 2020. A sample size of 419 was calculated from population at risk of 1,750,000 with 0.1034% margin of error, 95% confidence level and 0.01164% assumed prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Sex, age groups and residence were our three nominal variables. Distribution was analyzed by count and percentage with 95% confidence intervals. Three hypotheses for distribution were testified by chi-square goodness of Fit test. Results: Out of 419 positive cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, 269 (64.20%) were men and 150 (35.80%) women, 254 (60.62%) were in age group up to 19 years, 101 (24.11%) in age group 20-39 years and 64 (15.27%) in age group ≥40 years, and 113 (26.97%) were urban and 306 (73.03%) rural. Our distribution by sex (p=0.01327), age groups (p=<0.0001) and residence (p=<0.0001) were not similar to expected. Conclusions: The prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in year 2020 in cutaneous leishmaniasis population of District D.I.Khan, Pakistan was higher in men than women, highest in age group up to 19 years than age groups 20-39 and ≥40 years, and higher in rural than urban. The prevalence for men was higher than expected for men and prevalence for women was lower than expected for women. The prevalence for age group up to 19 years was highest than expected for this age group than age groups 20-39 and ≥40 years. The prevalence for rural was higher than expected for rural and the prevalence for urban was lower than expected for urban.
{"title":"DISTRIBUTION OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS BY SEX, AGE GROUPS AND RESIDENCE IN YEAR 2020 IN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS POPULATION OF DISTRICT D.I.KHAN, PAKISTAN","authors":"Muhammad Rashid, Younas Rehman, M. Usman, M. Younas, M. Bilal, M. Jamil, Amanullah Khan, Zeeshan Khan, Abdul Wahid, Najeeb Ullah, Hayat Ullah, Zohaib Khan Afridi, Asghar Khan, Asad Ullah","doi":"10.46903/gjms/19.01.964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/19.01.964","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Leishmaniasis is not an uncommon tropical disease. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is its most common form. The objectives of our study were to determine the distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis by sex, age groups and residence in year 2020 in cutaneous leishmaniasis population of District D.I.Khan, Pakistan.\u0000\u0000Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from January 1, 2021 to January 23, 2021. The data for cutaneous leishmaniasis was retrieved from District Health Office, D.I.Khan for year 2020. A sample size of 419 was calculated from population at risk of 1,750,000 with 0.1034% margin of error, 95% confidence level and 0.01164% assumed prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Sex, age groups and residence were our three nominal variables. Distribution was analyzed by count and percentage with 95% confidence intervals. Three hypotheses for distribution were testified by chi-square goodness of Fit test.\u0000\u0000Results: Out of 419 positive cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, 269 (64.20%) were men and 150 (35.80%) women, 254 (60.62%) were in age group up to 19 years, 101 (24.11%) in age group 20-39 years and 64 (15.27%) in age group ≥40 years, and 113 (26.97%) were urban and 306 (73.03%) rural. Our distribution by sex (p=0.01327), age groups (p=<0.0001) and residence (p=<0.0001) were not similar to expected.\u0000\u0000Conclusions: The prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in year 2020 in cutaneous leishmaniasis population of District D.I.Khan, Pakistan was higher in men than women, highest in age group up to 19 years than age groups 20-39 and ≥40 years, and higher in rural than urban. The prevalence for men was higher than expected for men and prevalence for women was lower than expected for women. The prevalence for age group up to 19 years was highest than expected for this age group than age groups 20-39 and ≥40 years. The prevalence for rural was higher than expected for rural and the prevalence for urban was lower than expected for urban.","PeriodicalId":12594,"journal":{"name":"GJMS Vol 19, No.1, Jan-Mar 2021","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86998558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jan, Hamid Shahzad, H. Naveed, A. Ullah, M. Bilal, Mahnoor Asad
Background: The prevalence of aluminium phosphide (AlP) poisoning is on the rise in Asian countries. The objectives of our study were to determine the distribution of AIP poisoning by sex, age groups & district and its presentation by blood pressure category and oxygen saturation category and its mortality in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Emergency Department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from June 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020. Fifty eight cases of AIP registered during 2019 were included. The diagnosis was made by history and clinical suspicion. All these cases were managed by standard management protocols. Sex, age groups, district, blood pressure category, oxygen saturation category and presence of mortality were variables; all being categorical were analyzed by count and percentage with 80% confidence interval. Results: Out of 58 AlP poisoning cases, women 34 (58.62%) were more than men 24 (41.38%), with most cases 30 (51.73%) in 10-19 years age group. Most cases 17 (29.31%) were from district Swabi, followed by district Peshawar 16 (27.58%). Most cases presented in non-recordable blood pressure category 19 (32.76%). Most cases 22 (37.93%) presented in oxygen saturation category of ≥ 90%. Out of 58 cases, mortality was 72.41% (42/58), involving more women 24/58 (41.38%) than men 18/58 (31.03%), with most cases 23 (39.66%) in 10-19 years age group. Mortality was highest in non-recordable blood pressure category 19 (32.76%). Mortality was highest 19 (32.76%) in oxygen saturation category of below 90%. Conclusion: Aluminium phosphide (AlP) poisoning is an uncommon, but a dreadful public health problem in population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. It involves women more than men, with most cases in adolescent age group, and in non-recordable blood pressure category. AlP poisoning mortality is very high 72.41% in our population, involving more women than men, with most cases in adolescent age group. Mortality is highest in non-recordable blood pressure category and in oxygen saturation category of below 90%.
{"title":"DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PROFILES AND MORTALITY OF ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE POISONING CASES IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE, PAKISTAN","authors":"S. Jan, Hamid Shahzad, H. Naveed, A. Ullah, M. Bilal, Mahnoor Asad","doi":"10.46903/gjms/19.01.931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/19.01.931","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of aluminium phosphide (AlP) poisoning is on the rise in Asian countries. The objectives of our study were to determine the distribution of AIP poisoning by sex, age groups & district and its presentation by blood pressure category and oxygen saturation category and its mortality in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan.\u0000\u0000Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Emergency Department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from June 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020. Fifty eight cases of AIP registered during 2019 were included. The diagnosis was made by history and clinical suspicion. All these cases were managed by standard management protocols. Sex, age groups, district, blood pressure category, oxygen saturation category and presence of mortality were variables; all being categorical were analyzed by count and percentage with 80% confidence interval. \u0000\u0000Results: Out of 58 AlP poisoning cases, women 34 (58.62%) were more than men 24 (41.38%), with most cases 30 (51.73%) in 10-19 years age group. Most cases 17 (29.31%) were from district Swabi, followed by district Peshawar 16 (27.58%). Most cases presented in non-recordable blood pressure category 19 (32.76%). Most cases 22 (37.93%) presented in oxygen saturation category of ≥ 90%. Out of 58 cases, mortality was 72.41% (42/58), involving more women 24/58 (41.38%) than men 18/58 (31.03%), with most cases 23 (39.66%) in 10-19 years age group. Mortality was highest in non-recordable blood pressure category 19 (32.76%). Mortality was highest 19 (32.76%) in oxygen saturation category of below 90%.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Aluminium phosphide (AlP) poisoning is an uncommon, but a dreadful public health problem in population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. It involves women more than men, with most cases in adolescent age group, and in non-recordable blood pressure category. AlP poisoning mortality is very high 72.41% in our population, involving more women than men, with most cases in adolescent age group. Mortality is highest in non-recordable blood pressure category and in oxygen saturation category of below 90%.","PeriodicalId":12594,"journal":{"name":"GJMS Vol 19, No.1, Jan-Mar 2021","volume":"2675 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75909963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The safety of medications is of utmost concern for public health. In developed countries, adverse drug reaction reporting systems are well established, but in low-income and middle-income countries such as Pakistan, these are under-developed and ignored. The objective of this qualitative survey was to explore the adverse drug reaction reporting practices by health care professionals of Karachi, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: Fifteen health care professionals (HCPs), including physicians, nurses and pharmacists from public, semi-private and private tertiary care hospitals were selected using purposive and snowball sampling for semi-structured interviews. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Results: The results showed that almost all HCPs have a good understanding of ADR, but did not know the procedures of ADR reporting to the Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP). Usually, the ADR was manually reported, with few hospitals having an electronic ADR reporting system. Barriers to the ADR reporting included a large influx of illiterate patients, over-burdened staff, lack of financial and technological resources, and ineffective administration. Facilitator to ADR reporting was electronic ADR system. Conclusion: These findings would help the policymakers and health administrators to revise existing policies and devise new ones for the adoption of adverse drugs reporting (ADR) systems in hospitals.
{"title":"ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING PRACTICES BY HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN: A QUALITATIVE SURVEY","authors":"S. Zaheer, Andaleeb Komal, A. Akhlaq","doi":"10.46903/gjms/19.01.943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/19.01.943","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The safety of medications is of utmost concern for public health. In developed countries, adverse drug reaction reporting systems are well established, but in low-income and middle-income countries such as Pakistan, these are under-developed and ignored. The objective of this qualitative survey was to explore the adverse drug reaction reporting practices by health care professionals of Karachi, Pakistan. \u0000\u0000Materials & Methods: Fifteen health care professionals (HCPs), including physicians, nurses and pharmacists from public, semi-private and private tertiary care hospitals were selected using purposive and snowball sampling for semi-structured interviews. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. \u0000\u0000Results: The results showed that almost all HCPs have a good understanding of ADR, but did not know the procedures of ADR reporting to the Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP). Usually, the ADR was manually reported, with few hospitals having an electronic ADR reporting system. Barriers to the ADR reporting included a large influx of illiterate patients, over-burdened staff, lack of financial and technological resources, and ineffective administration. Facilitator to ADR reporting was electronic ADR system. \u0000\u0000Conclusion: These findings would help the policymakers and health administrators to revise existing policies and devise new ones for the adoption of adverse drugs reporting (ADR) systems in hospitals.","PeriodicalId":12594,"journal":{"name":"GJMS Vol 19, No.1, Jan-Mar 2021","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81551546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. S. Erdogdu, Mustafa Yontem, F. E. Kocak, Hayrullah Yazar
Background: Decreased concentration of both oestrogen hormone and vitamin D in postmenopausal period may lead to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, dyslipidaemia, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the serum levels of oxidative stress parameters; TOS, TAS, OSI, PON-1, ARYL in postmenopausal and fertile women of Kutahya city, Turkey. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya University of Health Sciences, Kutahya, Turkey from July, 2016 to December, 2016. Kutahya is a city in western Turkey, with population of 237,804 as per 2011 estimates. Two samples were drawn from this population with consecutive technique. Study group included 40 menopausal women, while control group included 40 healthy fertile women. After overnight fasting, venous blood samples were collected, centrifuged, aliquoted into a polystyrene tube, and aliquots were stored at -80°C until measurement for total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and arylesterase (ARYL) measurements were made. Levels of TOS, TAS, OSI, PON-1, ARYL were five research variables on ratio scale. ‘Normal’ data were described by mean, range and SD and skewed data by median, Q1, Q3 and IQR with 95% confidence intervals. For normal data, independent-samples t-test and for skewed data Mann–Whitney U test was used for hypotheses testing. Results: Serum total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly higher (p-value .015 & .003 respectively), and serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and arylesterase (ARYL) levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal than fertile women (p-value <.0001 & .0005 respectively), with no statistical difference for serum total antioxidant status (TAS) levels between the two groups (p-value .186). Conclusion: Postmenopausal period is associated with oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defence. HDL-c-dependent PON-1 and ARYL activities are also reducing due to a decrease of HDL-c with menopause. Elevated levels of TOS and OSI, decreased levels of PON-1 and ARYL may lead to various life-threatening diseases such as cardiovascular disorders or cancer.
背景:绝经后雌激素和维生素D浓度降低可能导致氧化应激、脂质过氧化、血脂异常、骨质疏松和心血管疾病。本研究的目的是确定和比较血清氧化应激参数的水平;TOS, TAS, OSI, PON-1, ARYL在土耳其库塔亚市绝经后和育龄妇女中的测定。材料与方法:本横断面研究于2016年7月至2016年12月在土耳其库塔希亚健康科学大学医学院生物化学系进行。库塔希亚是土耳其西部的一个城市，根据2011年的估计，人口为237,804。用连续技术从该人群中抽取两个样本。研究组包括40名绝经期妇女，对照组包括40名健康育龄妇女。禁食过夜后，采集静脉血样本，离心，将等分液放入聚苯乙烯管中，等分液保存在-80°C，直到测量总氧化状态(TOS)、总抗氧化状态(TAS)、对氧磷酶-1 (PON-1)和芳基酯酶(ARYL)。TOS、TAS、OSI、PON-1、ARYL水平为比值量表的5个研究变量。“正常”数据用平均值、极差和标准差描述，偏态数据用中位数、Q1、Q3和IQR描述，置信区间为95%。对正态数据采用独立样本t检验，对偏态数据采用Mann-Whitney U检验。结果:绝经后妇女血清总氧化状态(TOS)和氧化应激指数(OSI)水平显著高于育龄妇女(p值分别为0.015和0.003)，血清对氧磷酶-1 (PON-1)和芳基酯酶(ARYL)水平显著低于育龄妇女(p值< 0.05)。血清总抗氧化状态(TAS)水平在两组间无统计学差异(p值为0.186)。结论:绝经后与氧化应激和抗氧化防御能力下降有关。HDL-c依赖性PON-1和ARYL活性也随着绝经后HDL-c的减少而降低。TOS和OSI水平升高，PON-1和ARYL水平降低可能导致各种危及生命的疾病，如心血管疾病或癌症。
{"title":"SERUM LEVELS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL VERSUS FERTILE WOMEN OF KUTAHYA CITY, TURKEY","authors":"B. S. Erdogdu, Mustafa Yontem, F. E. Kocak, Hayrullah Yazar","doi":"10.46903/gjms/19.01.934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/19.01.934","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Decreased concentration of both oestrogen hormone and vitamin D in postmenopausal period may lead to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, dyslipidaemia, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the serum levels of oxidative stress parameters; TOS, TAS, OSI, PON-1, ARYL in postmenopausal and fertile women of Kutahya city, Turkey. \u0000\u0000Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya University of Health Sciences, Kutahya, Turkey from July, 2016 to December, 2016. Kutahya is a city in western Turkey, with population of 237,804 as per 2011 estimates. Two samples were drawn from this population with consecutive technique. Study group included 40 menopausal women, while control group included 40 healthy fertile women. After overnight fasting, venous blood samples were collected, centrifuged, aliquoted into a polystyrene tube, and aliquots were stored at -80°C until measurement for total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and arylesterase (ARYL) measurements were made. Levels of TOS, TAS, OSI, PON-1, ARYL were five research variables on ratio scale. ‘Normal’ data were described by mean, range and SD and skewed data by median, Q1, Q3 and IQR with 95% confidence intervals. For normal data, independent-samples t-test and for skewed data Mann–Whitney U test was used for hypotheses testing.\u0000\u0000Results: Serum total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly higher (p-value .015 & .003 respectively), and serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and arylesterase (ARYL) levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal than fertile women (p-value <.0001 & .0005 respectively), with no statistical difference for serum total antioxidant status (TAS) levels between the two groups (p-value .186). \u0000\u0000Conclusion: Postmenopausal period is associated with oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defence. HDL-c-dependent PON-1 and ARYL activities are also reducing due to a decrease of HDL-c with menopause. Elevated levels of TOS and OSI, decreased levels of PON-1 and ARYL may lead to various life-threatening diseases such as cardiovascular disorders or cancer.","PeriodicalId":12594,"journal":{"name":"GJMS Vol 19, No.1, Jan-Mar 2021","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84062734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information system (IS) is the backbone of all organizations, programmes or projects. The swift spread of technology has also brought to the development and extension of the information systems utilized by the governments. In the case of Punjab province of Pakistan, there has been an exponential expansion of information systems by the public sector, particularly the health sector. In order to simplify the data flow and increase the performance of personnel, especially those operating in the remote fields, a resilient, fully integrated and complete digital medical and registry systems is a need of hour. Data accuracy will equip government to prepare one step ahead for the future, optimize present resources in line with need, reduce drug and supply pilfering, monitor staff performance efficiently and improve services quality.2 All of these will help directly in achieving the broader aim of universal healthcare. Once fully operational, the idea suggested would be a single, centered database, allowing people to login and have access to their own health records right from the start. In Punjab there are already several fragmented information systems.
{"title":"HEALTH DIGITALIZATION IS A NEED OF HOUR","authors":"Taimoor Hassan","doi":"10.46903/gjms/19.01.951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/19.01.951","url":null,"abstract":"Information system (IS) is the backbone of all organizations, programmes or projects. The swift spread of technology has also brought to the development and extension of the information systems utilized by the governments. In the case of Punjab province of Pakistan, there has been an exponential expansion of information systems by the public sector, particularly the health sector. In order to simplify the data flow and increase the performance of personnel, especially those operating in the remote fields, a resilient, fully integrated and complete digital medical and registry systems is a need of hour. Data accuracy will equip government to prepare one step ahead for the future, optimize present resources in line with need, reduce drug and supply pilfering, monitor staff performance efficiently and improve services quality.2 All of these will help directly in achieving the broader aim of universal healthcare. Once fully operational, the idea suggested would be a single, centered database, allowing people to login and have access to their own health records right from the start. In Punjab there are already several fragmented information systems.","PeriodicalId":12594,"journal":{"name":"GJMS Vol 19, No.1, Jan-Mar 2021","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86700315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taimoor Hassan, Sana Saeed, Mamoona Hassan, Sidra Naseem, Sidra Siddique
A plethora of diseases are associated with our nervous system. Neurodegenerative diseases include Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, schizophrenia and depression. Many plants are known to be beneficial against certain neurodegenerative disorders. This study provides an overview of such thirty-five plants whose part, from roots to seeds or their bio-chemicals extract are used for the treatment of multiple neurodegenerative disorders in Pakistan and beyond.
{"title":"ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: A NARRATIVE REVIEW","authors":"Taimoor Hassan, Sana Saeed, Mamoona Hassan, Sidra Naseem, Sidra Siddique","doi":"10.46903/gjms/19.01.958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/19.01.958","url":null,"abstract":"A plethora of diseases are associated with our nervous system. Neurodegenerative diseases include Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, schizophrenia and depression. Many plants are known to be beneficial against certain neurodegenerative disorders. This study provides an overview of such thirty-five plants whose part, from roots to seeds or their bio-chemicals extract are used for the treatment of multiple neurodegenerative disorders in Pakistan and beyond.","PeriodicalId":12594,"journal":{"name":"GJMS Vol 19, No.1, Jan-Mar 2021","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87610069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.51141/ijatr.2018.4.1.1
I. Njoku, C. Oko, J. Ofodu
Abstract: This paper presents the thermodynamic performance analysis of an existing combined cycle power plant to be retrofitted with a waste heat driven aqua lithium bromide absorption refrigerator for cooling the inlet air streams to the compressor and air-cooled steam condenser. The power plant is located in the hot and humid tropical region of Nigeria, latitude 4°45′N and longitude 7°00′E. This was achieved by performing energy and exergy analysis of the integrated system. Using the operating data of the existing combined cycle power plant, the results of the analysis showed that by cooling the inlet air streams to 15oC at the compressors, and to 29oC at the air-cooled steam condenser, the net power output, thermal and exergy efficiencies of the combined cycle plant increased by 7.7%, 8.1% and 7.5% respectively while the plant total exergy destruction rate and specific fuel consumption dropped by 10.8% and 7.0% respectively. The stack flue gas exit temperature reduced from 126oC to 84oC in the absorption refrigerator, thus reducing the environmental thermal pollution. The COP and exergy efficiency of the refrigeration cycle was 0.60 and 27.0%, respectively. Results also show that the highest rate of exergy destruction in the combined cycle power plant occurred in the combustion chamber while the highest rate of exergy destruction in the absorption refrigeration cycle occurred in the evaporator followed by the absorber.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of a Combined Cycle Power Plant with Simultaneous Cooling of Inlet Air Streams to the Compressor and Condenser","authors":"I. Njoku, C. Oko, J. Ofodu","doi":"10.51141/ijatr.2018.4.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51141/ijatr.2018.4.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This paper presents the thermodynamic performance analysis of an existing combined cycle power plant to be retrofitted with a waste heat driven aqua lithium bromide absorption refrigerator for cooling the inlet air streams to the compressor and air-cooled steam condenser. The power plant is located in the hot and humid tropical region of Nigeria, latitude 4°45′N and longitude 7°00′E. This was achieved by performing energy and exergy analysis of the integrated system. Using the operating data of the existing combined cycle power plant, the results of the analysis showed that by cooling the inlet air streams to 15oC at the compressors, and to 29oC at the air-cooled steam condenser, the net power output, thermal and exergy efficiencies of the combined cycle plant increased by 7.7%, 8.1% and 7.5% respectively while the plant total exergy destruction rate and specific fuel consumption dropped by 10.8% and 7.0% respectively. The stack flue gas exit temperature reduced from 126oC to 84oC in the absorption refrigerator, thus reducing the environmental thermal pollution. The COP and exergy efficiency of the refrigeration cycle was 0.60 and 27.0%, respectively. Results also show that the highest rate of exergy destruction in the combined cycle power plant occurred in the combustion chamber while the highest rate of exergy destruction in the absorption refrigeration cycle occurred in the evaporator followed by the absorber.","PeriodicalId":12594,"journal":{"name":"GJMS Vol 19, No.1, Jan-Mar 2021","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83540324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.51141/ijatr.2018.4.1.2
F. Ghanim, A. M. Adam, H. Farouk
Abstract: There is growing interest to study the effect of blending various oxygenated additives with diesel or biodiesel fuel on engine performance and emission characteristics. This study aims to analyze the performance and exhaust emission of a four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-ethanol-diesel. Biodiesel was first produced from crude Jatropha oil, and then it was blended with ethanol and fossil diesel in different blend ratios (B10E10D80, B12.5E12.5D75, B15E15D70, B20E20D60 and B25E25D50). The engine performance and emission characteristics were studied at engine speeds ranging from 1200 to 2000 rpm. The results show that the brake specific fuel consumption increases while the brake power decreases as the percentage of biodiesel and ethanol increases in the blend. The exhaust emission analysis shows a reduction in CO2 emission and increase in NOx emission when the biodiesel -to- ethanol ratio increases in the blends, when compared with diesel as a reference fuel.
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Since 2003, the intertwined problem of countering terrorism and insecurity has had a central role in the mindset of both Iraq’s leadership as well as the citizens of Iraq. Over the past fifteen years, Iraq has gone through dangerous stages of instability resulting primarily from lack of security and the creation of socio-political conditions in various parts of Iraq that have become supportive of, and breeding grounds for, terrorist organizations. This has been exemplified by the ease with which the Islamic State was capable of occupying large swaths of Iraq’s territory. The absence of a national security strategy has thus resulted in the security crisis in Iraq. However, the re-building of Iraq’s security forces and intelligence agency on new basis has contributed to defeating the terrorist organizations in Iraq
{"title":"The influence of intelligence in the war against terrorism in Iraq","authors":"ئومێد فتاح","doi":"10.31271/JOPSS.10001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31271/JOPSS.10001","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2003, the intertwined problem of countering terrorism and insecurity has had a central role in the mindset of both Iraq’s leadership as well as the citizens of Iraq. Over the past fifteen years, Iraq has gone through dangerous stages of instability resulting primarily from lack of security and the creation of socio-political conditions in various parts of Iraq that have become supportive of, and breeding grounds for, terrorist organizations. This has been exemplified by the ease with which the Islamic State was capable of occupying large swaths of Iraq’s territory. The absence of a national security strategy has thus resulted in the security crisis in Iraq. However, the re-building of Iraq’s security forces and intelligence agency on new basis has contributed to defeating the terrorist organizations in Iraq","PeriodicalId":12594,"journal":{"name":"GJMS Vol 19, No.1, Jan-Mar 2021","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88114652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The issuance of an academic journal specialized in strategic studies in general, and specifically in security studies, is an academic quantum leap for our researchers in the fields of security and politics to new, broader fields that have always been occupied by a narrow elite of military (strategic) and non-academic researchers.
{"title":"An academic journal about security, why?","authors":"يوسف گوران","doi":"10.31271/jopss.10000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31271/jopss.10000","url":null,"abstract":"The issuance of an academic journal specialized in strategic studies in general, and specifically in security studies, is an academic quantum leap for our researchers in the fields of security and politics to new, broader fields that have always been occupied by a narrow elite of military (strategic) and non-academic researchers.","PeriodicalId":12594,"journal":{"name":"GJMS Vol 19, No.1, Jan-Mar 2021","volume":"95 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83608902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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