Maneeka Ubhi1, Kanu Achinivu1, Stefano Seri2 & Andrea E Cavanna*,1,2,3 1Michael Trimble Neuropsychiatry Research Group, University of Birmingham & BSMHFT, Birmingham, UK 2School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK 3Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology & University College London, UK *Author for correspondence: a.e.cavanna@bham.ac.uk
Maneeka Ubhi1, Kanu Achinivu1, Stefano Seri2和Andrea E Cavanna*，1,2,3 1英国伯明翰大学和BSMHFT michael Trimble神经精神病学研究小组2英国伯明翰阿斯顿大学生命与健康科学学院3英国伦敦大学神经病学研究所sobell运动神经科学与运动障碍学系*通信作者:a.e.cavanna@bham.ac.uk
{"title":"Motor stereotypies in adult patients with Tourette syndrome","authors":"Maneeka Ubhi, K. Achinivu, S. Seri, A. Cavanna","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2019-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2019-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Maneeka Ubhi1, Kanu Achinivu1, Stefano Seri2 & Andrea E Cavanna*,1,2,3 1Michael Trimble Neuropsychiatry Research Group, University of Birmingham & BSMHFT, Birmingham, UK 2School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK 3Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology & University College London, UK *Author for correspondence: a.e.cavanna@bham.ac.uk","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2019-0031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48286097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To detect IFN β-1a-induced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to undermine the hypothesis of IFN β-1a-associated neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: The influence of IFN β-1a on in vitro activated peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors was tested. Proliferation analyses were made to detect T-cell growth. BDNF expression was measured by standard ELISA. To assess the influence of IFN β-1a on BDNF expression in vivo, BDNF serum levels of MS patients treated with IFN β-1a were compared with those of untreated patients. Results: IFN β-1a inhibited T-cell proliferation dose dependently. It induced BDNF expression at middle concentrations. MS patients treated with IFN β-1a exhibited significantly lower BDNF serum levels than untreated patients. Conclusion: IFN β-1a may promote neuroprotection by inducing BDNF expression, but its importance in vivo remains open.
{"title":"Interferon beta-1a induces expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in human T lymphocytes in vitro and not in vivo","authors":"Zarlascht Karmand, H. Hartung, O. Neuhaus","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2019-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2019-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To detect IFN β-1a-induced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to undermine the hypothesis of IFN β-1a-associated neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: The influence of IFN β-1a on in vitro activated peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors was tested. Proliferation analyses were made to detect T-cell growth. BDNF expression was measured by standard ELISA. To assess the influence of IFN β-1a on BDNF expression in vivo, BDNF serum levels of MS patients treated with IFN β-1a were compared with those of untreated patients. Results: IFN β-1a inhibited T-cell proliferation dose dependently. It induced BDNF expression at middle concentrations. MS patients treated with IFN β-1a exhibited significantly lower BDNF serum levels than untreated patients. Conclusion: IFN β-1a may promote neuroprotection by inducing BDNF expression, but its importance in vivo remains open.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":"56 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2019-0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41276594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does editing the genome improve targeting DNA and RNA for cerebellar ataxias?","authors":"J. Gandini, M. Manto","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2019-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2019-0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2019-0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42307225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic stress undermines physical and mental health, in part via dysregulation of the neuroendocrine stress system. Key to understand this dysregulation is recognizing that the problem is not stress per se, but rather its chronicity. The optimally functioning stress system is highly dynamic, and negative feedback regulation enforces transient responses to acute stressors. Chronic stress overrides this, and adaptation to the chronicity can result in persistent dysregulation by altering sensitivity thresholds critical for control of system dynamics. Such adaptation involves plasticity within the central nervous system (CNS) as well as epigenetic regulation. When it occurs during development, it can have persistent effects on neuroendocrine regulation. Understanding how chronic stress programs development of the neuroendocrine stress system requires elucidation of stress-responsive gene regulatory networks that control CNS plasticity and development.
{"title":"Chronic stress, physiological adaptation and developmental programming of the neuroendocrine stress system","authors":"J. Coffman","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2019-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2019-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic stress undermines physical and mental health, in part via dysregulation of the neuroendocrine stress system. Key to understand this dysregulation is recognizing that the problem is not stress per se, but rather its chronicity. The optimally functioning stress system is highly dynamic, and negative feedback regulation enforces transient responses to acute stressors. Chronic stress overrides this, and adaptation to the chronicity can result in persistent dysregulation by altering sensitivity thresholds critical for control of system dynamics. Such adaptation involves plasticity within the central nervous system (CNS) as well as epigenetic regulation. When it occurs during development, it can have persistent effects on neuroendocrine regulation. Understanding how chronic stress programs development of the neuroendocrine stress system requires elucidation of stress-responsive gene regulatory networks that control CNS plasticity and development.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2019-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45988322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Causes of development of severe disorders of consciousness Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain infarction are common causes of mortality and morbidity [1–8]. Many patients affected by these acquired brain injuries (ABIs) die in the acute stages during their stay in the intensive care unit; others, after a coma phase, usually develop a severe disorder of consciousness (DoC), characterized by an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome or a minimally conscious state (MCS). In some cases, consciousness level improves, transitioning to an emergence from MCS (E-MCS); however, patients with E-MCS often show a severe neurological disability [9]. In recent years, improvements both in intensive care technology and in neurosurgical procedures have reduced the mortality rate; however, as a result, many patients discharged from the acute setting exhibit severe DoCs.
{"title":"What is the role of post acute EEG in prediction of late neurological outcome in severe disorders of consciousness?","authors":"M. Scarpino, F. Lolli, G. Lanzo, A. Grippo","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2019-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2019-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Causes of development of severe disorders of consciousness Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain infarction are common causes of mortality and morbidity [1–8]. Many patients affected by these acquired brain injuries (ABIs) die in the acute stages during their stay in the intensive care unit; others, after a coma phase, usually develop a severe disorder of consciousness (DoC), characterized by an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome or a minimally conscious state (MCS). In some cases, consciousness level improves, transitioning to an emergence from MCS (E-MCS); however, patients with E-MCS often show a severe neurological disability [9]. In recent years, improvements both in intensive care technology and in neurosurgical procedures have reduced the mortality rate; however, as a result, many patients discharged from the acute setting exhibit severe DoCs.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2019-0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45045734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To all our readers, we are delighted to welcome you to the fifteenth volume of Future Neurology. We are also excited to welcome you to the second Open Access issue of the journal. Since the launch of this title, we have continued to publish high-quality scientific research and commentary, and the open access model will allow us to share our great content with an even bigger audience. 2019 was another exciting year for Future Neurology with the continued publication of timely, high quality manuscripts. We are proud to present some of our content highlights within this article. We would also like to take this opportunity to thank all of our valued Editorial Board members, readers and contributors for their continued support. As we move into 2020, we very much look forward to seeing the journals continuous progression and development.
{"title":"Welcome to the 15th volume of Future Neurology","authors":"Kate Lovesey","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2019-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2019-0027","url":null,"abstract":"To all our readers, we are delighted to welcome you to the fifteenth volume of Future Neurology. We are also excited to welcome you to the second Open Access issue of the journal. Since the launch of this title, we have continued to publish high-quality scientific research and commentary, and the open access model will allow us to share our great content with an even bigger audience. 2019 was another exciting year for Future Neurology with the continued publication of timely, high quality manuscripts. We are proud to present some of our content highlights within this article. We would also like to take this opportunity to thank all of our valued Editorial Board members, readers and contributors for their continued support. As we move into 2020, we very much look forward to seeing the journals continuous progression and development.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2019-0027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48819257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strength and physical functions in people with Parkinson's disease","authors":"Sacha Clael, L. Bezerra","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2019-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2019-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2019-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43380526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roger Pertwee speaks to Jennifer Straiton, Assistant Editor, at the BNA 2019 Festival of Neuroscience (14–17 April, Dublin, Ireland), where he gave a talk titled ‘Pharmacological actions and potential novel therapeutic uses of certain plant and synthetic cannabinoids’. Roger Pertwee is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Aberdeen (Scotland, UK), where he has been active in scientific research since 1974. He began his research career at the University of Oxford (UK) where he gained three postgraduate degrees: an MA in biochemistry, a DPhil in pharmacology and a DSc in physiological sciences. His research focuses on the pharmacology of cannabinoids, both on their mechanisms of action and on their potential therapeutic uses. He has held major roles in multiple major discoveries in the field including; the discovery of a cannabinoid CB1 receptor allosteric site, the pharmacological characterization of various phytocannabinoids as well as the co-discovery of endocannabinoids and the co-discovery and characterization of novel synthetic cannabinoids.
Roger Pertwee在BNA 2019神经科学节（4月14日至17日，爱尔兰都柏林）上与助理编辑Jennifer Straiton进行了交谈，他在会上发表了题为“某些植物和合成大麻素的药理作用和潜在的新治疗用途”的演讲。Roger Pertwee是阿伯丁大学（英国苏格兰）的名誉教授，自1974年以来一直活跃于该校的科学研究。他在英国牛津大学开始了他的研究生涯，在那里他获得了三个研究生学位：生物化学硕士、药理学博士和生理科学博士。他的研究重点是大麻素的药理学，包括其作用机制和潜在的治疗用途。他在该领域的多项重大发现中发挥了重要作用，包括：；大麻素CB1受体变构位点的发现，各种植物大麻素的药理学特征，以及内源性大麻素和新型合成大麻素共同发现和表征。
{"title":"Pharmacology and potential therapeutic uses of some cannabinoids","authors":"R. Pertwee","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2019-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2019-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Roger Pertwee speaks to Jennifer Straiton, Assistant Editor, at the BNA 2019 Festival of Neuroscience (14–17 April, Dublin, Ireland), where he gave a talk titled ‘Pharmacological actions and potential novel therapeutic uses of certain plant and synthetic cannabinoids’. Roger Pertwee is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Aberdeen (Scotland, UK), where he has been active in scientific research since 1974. He began his research career at the University of Oxford (UK) where he gained three postgraduate degrees: an MA in biochemistry, a DPhil in pharmacology and a DSc in physiological sciences. His research focuses on the pharmacology of cannabinoids, both on their mechanisms of action and on their potential therapeutic uses. He has held major roles in multiple major discoveries in the field including; the discovery of a cannabinoid CB1 receptor allosteric site, the pharmacological characterization of various phytocannabinoids as well as the co-discovery of endocannabinoids and the co-discovery and characterization of novel synthetic cannabinoids.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2019-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47559219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent applications of eye tracking for diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of therapy in age-related neurological or psychological deficits have been reviewed. The review is focused on active aging, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. The potential impacts and current limitations of using characterizing features of eye movements and pupillary responses (oculometrics) as objective biomarkers in the context of aging are discussed. A closer look into the findings, especially with respect to cognitive impairments, suggests that eye tracking is an invaluable technique to study hidden aspects of aging that have not been revealed using any other noninvasive tool. Future research should involve a wider variety of oculometrics, in addition to saccadic metrics and pupillary responses, including nonlinear and combinatorial features as well as blink- and fixation-related metrics to develop biomarkers to trace age-related irregularities associated with cognitive and neural deficits.
{"title":"Aging and eye tracking: in the quest for objective biomarkers","authors":"R. Z. Marandi, P. Gazerani","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Recent applications of eye tracking for diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of therapy in age-related neurological or psychological deficits have been reviewed. The review is focused on active aging, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. The potential impacts and current limitations of using characterizing features of eye movements and pupillary responses (oculometrics) as objective biomarkers in the context of aging are discussed. A closer look into the findings, especially with respect to cognitive impairments, suggests that eye tracking is an invaluable technique to study hidden aspects of aging that have not been revealed using any other noninvasive tool. Future research should involve a wider variety of oculometrics, in addition to saccadic metrics and pupillary responses, including nonlinear and combinatorial features as well as blink- and fixation-related metrics to develop biomarkers to trace age-related irregularities associated with cognitive and neural deficits.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2019-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42273904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jad Costa, F. Haddad, G. Costa, A. Harb, R. Eid, H. Kourie, J. Helou
Aim: This study aims to recognize the distribution of different seizures etiologies in cancer patients, the most common primary tumors responsible for brain metastases, the most epileptogenic primary tumors and the therapeutic modalities. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital targeting patients admitted to hematology–oncology department between 2005 and 2016 who presented a seizure. Results: Of the 153 included patients, mean age was 57 years (standard deviation = 16 years) and a male predominance (66%). The majority of seizures were due to a primary tumor (49%) or brain metastases (32%). Other reversible (metabolic and drug) or nonreversible causes (carcinomatous meningitis, radiation and cardiovascular complications) formed the remaining causes. Regarding antiepileptic treatments, sodium valproate was mostly used, followed by levetiracetam and phenytoin. Conclusion: Numerous reversible causes are involved in the onset of epileptic seizures, including metabolic disorders, antibiotics and chemotherapies.
目的:本研究旨在了解癌症患者不同癫痫病因的分布、最常见的脑转移原发肿瘤、最常见的致痫原发肿瘤及治疗方式。方法:回顾性研究在Hotel-Dieu de France医院对2005 - 2016年在血液肿瘤科就诊的癫痫患者进行研究。结果:153例患者的平均年龄为57岁(标准差为16岁)，男性占多数(66%)。大多数癫痫发作是由于原发肿瘤(49%)或脑转移(32%)。其他可逆(代谢和药物)或不可逆转的原因(癌性脑膜炎、辐射和心血管并发症)构成了剩余的原因。抗癫痫药物以丙戊酸钠为主，左乙拉西坦次之，苯妥英次之。结论:许多可逆的原因参与癫痫发作，包括代谢紊乱，抗生素和化疗。
{"title":"Seizures in cancer patients: a vast spectrum of etiologies","authors":"Jad Costa, F. Haddad, G. Costa, A. Harb, R. Eid, H. Kourie, J. Helou","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2019-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2019-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims to recognize the distribution of different seizures etiologies in cancer patients, the most common primary tumors responsible for brain metastases, the most epileptogenic primary tumors and the therapeutic modalities. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital targeting patients admitted to hematology–oncology department between 2005 and 2016 who presented a seizure. Results: Of the 153 included patients, mean age was 57 years (standard deviation = 16 years) and a male predominance (66%). The majority of seizures were due to a primary tumor (49%) or brain metastases (32%). Other reversible (metabolic and drug) or nonreversible causes (carcinomatous meningitis, radiation and cardiovascular complications) formed the remaining causes. Regarding antiepileptic treatments, sodium valproate was mostly used, followed by levetiracetam and phenytoin. Conclusion: Numerous reversible causes are involved in the onset of epileptic seizures, including metabolic disorders, antibiotics and chemotherapies.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2019-0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48175093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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