{"title":"Back to the future: Stoic wisdom and psychotherapy for neuropsychiatric conditions","authors":"A. Cavanna","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2018-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2018-0046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2018-0046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48977176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a common disorder that encompasses heterogeneous entities, which creates challenges in order to reach a global consensus for diagnostic criteria. While the genetic basis for sporadic VaD remains poorly understood, the identification of causal genes in monogenic forms of VaD sheds light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of VaD. This special report describes progress in genetic research on monogenic and sporadic VaD, as well as on associated phenotypes, such as cerebral small vessel disease, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Methodological issues (e.g., small-size studies) and strategies to overcome these problems (e.g., collaborative consortiums, endophenotypes) are discussed. Lastly, future perspectives in the field and how such work could benefit patients and clinicians are mentioned.
{"title":"Genetics in vascular dementia","authors":"R. Manso-Calderón","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2018-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2018-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular dementia (VaD) is a common disorder that encompasses heterogeneous entities, which creates challenges in order to reach a global consensus for diagnostic criteria. While the genetic basis for sporadic VaD remains poorly understood, the identification of causal genes in monogenic forms of VaD sheds light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of VaD. This special report describes progress in genetic research on monogenic and sporadic VaD, as well as on associated phenotypes, such as cerebral small vessel disease, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Methodological issues (e.g., small-size studies) and strategies to overcome these problems (e.g., collaborative consortiums, endophenotypes) are discussed. Lastly, future perspectives in the field and how such work could benefit patients and clinicians are mentioned.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2018-0027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48098618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parisa Gazerani, PharmD, PhD, is an associate professor in the Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark. She completed postdoctoral training at the Faculty of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Canada with support from the International Brain Research Organization, International Association for the Study of Pain and the SparNord Foundation. Her passion and enthusiasm for understanding the pathogenesis of migraine and the potential role of non-neuronal components was subsequently supported by a prestigious Sapere Aude Young Elite Researcher Award from the Danish Ministry of Science in 2010. Her research interests include neuroscience, pain with a focus in migraine, biomarkers of neuroinflammation and development of novel treatments. Her research has resulted in more than 200 publications and several awards. Besides research, she teaches from undergraduate to PhD level, and has been awarded the title of ‘teacher of the year’. She is a sought after reviewer for scientific journals, grant committees and PhD thesis evaluation. She is a member of several professional and scientific organizations. She is co-founder and head of research of a spin-off company, EMPros Bio, which is developing novel tools for the diagnosis and control of migraine. She also consults for several pharmaceutical and medicinal device companies.
{"title":"What are the challenges in migraine research? An interview with Parisa Gazerani","authors":"P. Gazerani","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2018-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2018-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Parisa Gazerani, PharmD, PhD, is an associate professor in the Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark. She completed postdoctoral training at the Faculty of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Canada with support from the International Brain Research Organization, International Association for the Study of Pain and the SparNord Foundation. Her passion and enthusiasm for understanding the pathogenesis of migraine and the potential role of non-neuronal components was subsequently supported by a prestigious Sapere Aude Young Elite Researcher Award from the Danish Ministry of Science in 2010. Her research interests include neuroscience, pain with a focus in migraine, biomarkers of neuroinflammation and development of novel treatments. Her research has resulted in more than 200 publications and several awards. Besides research, she teaches from undergraduate to PhD level, and has been awarded the title of ‘teacher of the year’. She is a sought after reviewer for scientific journals, grant committees and PhD thesis evaluation. She is a member of several professional and scientific organizations. She is co-founder and head of research of a spin-off company, EMPros Bio, which is developing novel tools for the diagnosis and control of migraine. She also consults for several pharmaceutical and medicinal device companies.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2018-0041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48779985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, neuroprotection by diet and natural bioactive compounds has been proposed to prevent the onset and progress of neurodegeneration by modification of pathogenic factors. Plant food-derived phytochemicals protect neurons via targeting oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotrophic factor deficit, apoptosis and abnormal protein accumulation. This review presents the molecular mechanism of neuroprotection by phytochemicals: direct regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic machinery, modification of cellular signal pathways, induction of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein family and prosurvival neurotrophic factors, such as brain- and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and prevention of protein aggregation. Multitargeted neuroprotective agents are under development based on the structure of blood–brain barrier-permeable phytochemicals to ameliorate brain dysfunction and prevent neurodegeneration.
{"title":"Neuroprotection of multifunctional phytochemicals as novel therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders: antiapoptotic and antiamyloidogenic activities by modulation of cellular signal pathways","authors":"M. Naoi, M. Shamoto‐Nagai, W. Maruyama","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2018-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2018-0028","url":null,"abstract":"In neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, neuroprotection by diet and natural bioactive compounds has been proposed to prevent the onset and progress of neurodegeneration by modification of pathogenic factors. Plant food-derived phytochemicals protect neurons via targeting oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotrophic factor deficit, apoptosis and abnormal protein accumulation. This review presents the molecular mechanism of neuroprotection by phytochemicals: direct regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic machinery, modification of cellular signal pathways, induction of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein family and prosurvival neurotrophic factors, such as brain- and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and prevention of protein aggregation. Multitargeted neuroprotective agents are under development based on the structure of blood–brain barrier-permeable phytochemicals to ameliorate brain dysfunction and prevent neurodegeneration.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2018-0028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44798419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a daunting challenge in clinical diagnosis and management. Biomarkers that might aid in the diagnosis of these devastating and globally important diseases are urgently sought and required. Here we describe the application and state of development of a range of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in common neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and prion diseases.
{"title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders","authors":"Thalia T Robey, P. Panegyres","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2018-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2018-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases represent a daunting challenge in clinical diagnosis and management. Biomarkers that might aid in the diagnosis of these devastating and globally important diseases are urgently sought and required. Here we describe the application and state of development of a range of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in common neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and prion diseases.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2018-0029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46470757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spanish Ministry of Science, Economy and Competitiveness, call Retos, Ref: SAF2017-83241-R.
西班牙科学、经济和竞争力部，电话Retos，编号:SAF2017-83241-R。
{"title":"Human cerebral organoids and neural 3D tissues in basic research, and their application to study neurological diseases","authors":"Theresa S P Rothenbücher, A. Martínez-Serrano","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2018-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2018-0043","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Economy and Competitiveness, call Retos, Ref: SAF2017-83241-R.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2018-0043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43695920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare and aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas with dismal prognosis. Complete resection, which is the only known definitive therapy, is not feasible with every tumor, and local recurrence after surgery is another challenge to successful treatment. Treatments used with other sarcoma types have not proven beneficial to MPNST patients. Targeted therapies blocking several signaling pathways known to drive MPNST pathogenesis have also not improved patient outcomes in clinical trials. This review discusses existing therapies and targeted chemotherapeutic options currently being tested clinically, and potential therapeutic avenues identified in preclinical studies that include targeting signaling pathways such as the HIPPO-YAP pathway and epigenetic mechanisms as well as multi-agent strategies.
{"title":"Therapeutic targets for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors","authors":"L. M. Wu, Q. Lu","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2018-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2018-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare and aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas with dismal prognosis. Complete resection, which is the only known definitive therapy, is not feasible with every tumor, and local recurrence after surgery is another challenge to successful treatment. Treatments used with other sarcoma types have not proven beneficial to MPNST patients. Targeted therapies blocking several signaling pathways known to drive MPNST pathogenesis have also not improved patient outcomes in clinical trials. This review discusses existing therapies and targeted chemotherapeutic options currently being tested clinically, and potential therapeutic avenues identified in preclinical studies that include targeting signaling pathways such as the HIPPO-YAP pathway and epigenetic mechanisms as well as multi-agent strategies.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2018-0026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48326373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The burden of oncology promises not kept in glioblastoma","authors":"G. Lamberti, E. Franceschi, A. Brandes","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2017-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2017-0033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2017-0033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46911242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicinal cannabis, and cannabidiol in particular, has garnered much attention in the media and medical community as a possible therapeutic for multiple conditions including epilepsy. Although the use of cannabis has been reported for centuries, evidence in its usefulness in the treatment of epilepsy has been mainly anecdotal. This review discusses emerging research on cannabidiol in the treatment of severe pediatric epilepsies, including Dravet syndrome and Lennox Gastaut syndrome. We discuss the data from both open-label and Phase III trials and report a consistently significant reduction in seizures but also concomitant drug interactions and adverse effects. Future directions of research are considered to determine the full therapeutic potential of this old, but new, class of compounds.
{"title":"Cannabidiol for epilepsy: a new indication for an old drug","authors":"Samantha Hagopian, E. Marsh","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2018-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2018-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal cannabis, and cannabidiol in particular, has garnered much attention in the media and medical community as a possible therapeutic for multiple conditions including epilepsy. Although the use of cannabis has been reported for centuries, evidence in its usefulness in the treatment of epilepsy has been mainly anecdotal. This review discusses emerging research on cannabidiol in the treatment of severe pediatric epilepsies, including Dravet syndrome and Lennox Gastaut syndrome. We discuss the data from both open-label and Phase III trials and report a consistently significant reduction in seizures but also concomitant drug interactions and adverse effects. Future directions of research are considered to determine the full therapeutic potential of this old, but new, class of compounds.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2018-0022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46244609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emerging evidence indicates that the use of benzodiazepines among older adults may increase the risk of development of dementia. A review of the literature identified 13 studies investigating this link. Eight studies found a positive association between the use of benzodiazepines and development of dementia. Two studies found no such association, two had mixed results and one study found that benzodiazepine use reduced the incidence of dementia. As none of these studies were controlled prospective studies, causality could not be ascertained. The association identified between the use of benzodiazepines and the development of dementia is a cause for concern among older adults.
{"title":"Benzodiazepine use and the risk for dementia","authors":"R. Tampi, Deena Tampi, J. Young, A. Banerjee","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2017-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2017-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging evidence indicates that the use of benzodiazepines among older adults may increase the risk of development of dementia. A review of the literature identified 13 studies investigating this link. Eight studies found a positive association between the use of benzodiazepines and development of dementia. Two studies found no such association, two had mixed results and one study found that benzodiazepine use reduced the incidence of dementia. As none of these studies were controlled prospective studies, causality could not be ascertained. The association identified between the use of benzodiazepines and the development of dementia is a cause for concern among older adults.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2017-0040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43062303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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