The electro-osmosis technique can be used for rapid dewatering and consolidation of deep soft foundations. Considering the abnormal volt-ampere characteristics of soil at the initial stage of electro-osmosis using electrokinetic geosynthetics (EKG) electrodes, the hypothesis that the interfacial resistance between electrode and soil is related to current was formulated. A new method was used to distinguish the soil resistance and interfacial resistance, and an experiment was designed to verify them. The results show that the soil resistance does not change with the changing current in the circuit, but the interfacial resistance is closely related to the current. The interfacial resistance decreases as the current increases and is approximately a power function of the current. This relationship applies to aluminium, copper, iron and EKG electrodes. In addition, a design for the field application of electro-osmosis was developed focusing on power supply and efficiency. The calculation results show that the proportion of soil effective potential is closely related to the potential gradient imposed by the power supply. The experimental results reveal the relationship between the potential gradient and the efficiency of electro-osmosis, which provides a theoretical basis for the determination and optimisation of electric power in electro-osmosis system design.
{"title":"Measurement methodology and characteristics of interfacial resistance in electro-osmosis","authors":"Kang-shi Guo, Y. Zhuang","doi":"10.1680/jgein.22.00156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.22.00156","url":null,"abstract":"The electro-osmosis technique can be used for rapid dewatering and consolidation of deep soft foundations. Considering the abnormal volt-ampere characteristics of soil at the initial stage of electro-osmosis using electrokinetic geosynthetics (EKG) electrodes, the hypothesis that the interfacial resistance between electrode and soil is related to current was formulated. A new method was used to distinguish the soil resistance and interfacial resistance, and an experiment was designed to verify them. The results show that the soil resistance does not change with the changing current in the circuit, but the interfacial resistance is closely related to the current. The interfacial resistance decreases as the current increases and is approximately a power function of the current. This relationship applies to aluminium, copper, iron and EKG electrodes. In addition, a design for the field application of electro-osmosis was developed focusing on power supply and efficiency. The calculation results show that the proportion of soil effective potential is closely related to the potential gradient imposed by the power supply. The experimental results reveal the relationship between the potential gradient and the efficiency of electro-osmosis, which provides a theoretical basis for the determination and optimisation of electric power in electro-osmosis system design.","PeriodicalId":12616,"journal":{"name":"Geosynthetics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41690820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a numerical investigation of the interaction of back-to-back mechanical stabilized earth (MSE) walls under static loading. The numerical model was validated using measurements from instrumented field back-to-back MSE walls. A parametric study was then conducted to investigate the effects of horizontal distance between the MSE walls, soil friction angle, and wall height on the interaction of back-to-back MSE walls. Maximum facing displacement, lateral soil thrust behind reinforced soil zone, and required reinforcement tensile force generally increase nonlinearly with increasing horizontal distance up to a certain critical value, and the effects of interaction between the back-to-back MSE walls are stronger for lower friction angle and higher wall. The critical horizontal distances for different friction angles and wall heights are generally close to the theoretical Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) values for the full active failure wedge to be developed and could be approximated as 0.5. The FHWA method significantly underestimates the lateral soil thrusts for the range of horizontal distances involving interaction between the back-to-back MSE walls but significantly overestimates the required reinforcement tensile strengths. Design recommendations on lateral soil thrust and required reinforcement tensile strength calculations that account for the interaction between the back-to-back MSE walls are provided.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of the interaction of back-to-back MSE walls","authors":"Y. Zheng, F. Li, X. Niu, G. Yang","doi":"10.1680/jgein.21.00087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.21.00087","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a numerical investigation of the interaction of back-to-back mechanical stabilized earth (MSE) walls under static loading. The numerical model was validated using measurements from instrumented field back-to-back MSE walls. A parametric study was then conducted to investigate the effects of horizontal distance between the MSE walls, soil friction angle, and wall height on the interaction of back-to-back MSE walls. Maximum facing displacement, lateral soil thrust behind reinforced soil zone, and required reinforcement tensile force generally increase nonlinearly with increasing horizontal distance up to a certain critical value, and the effects of interaction between the back-to-back MSE walls are stronger for lower friction angle and higher wall. The critical horizontal distances for different friction angles and wall heights are generally close to the theoretical Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) values for the full active failure wedge to be developed and could be approximated as 0.5. The FHWA method significantly underestimates the lateral soil thrusts for the range of horizontal distances involving interaction between the back-to-back MSE walls but significantly overestimates the required reinforcement tensile strengths. Design recommendations on lateral soil thrust and required reinforcement tensile strength calculations that account for the interaction between the back-to-back MSE walls are provided.","PeriodicalId":12616,"journal":{"name":"Geosynthetics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43908642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analytical solutions for the transport of contaminant through a 1D triple-layer composite liner system consisting of a geomembrane (GMB), a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) and a compacted clay liner (CCL) under non-isothermal conditions are derived using the generalized integral transform technique. The proposed analytical solutions account for the combined effects of molecular diffusion, sorption and thermodiffusion as well as the temperature-dependent distribution coefficient and effective diffusion coefficient. The proposed analytical solutions are successfully validated against the experimental results of thermodiffusion tests and verified against an analytical solution available in the literature and a numerical model based on commercial finite element software. Using the verified analytical solutions, simulations are performed with representative geometry and material properties for a GMB/GCL/CCL liner system. The results indicate that neglecting the effect of non-isothermal condition can underestimate the benzene outflow rate by over 30% when the temperature difference between the surface and bottom of the liner system exceeds 10 K. The temperature-dependent CCL effective diffusion coefficient and CCL distribution coefficient have significant effect on benzene transport through the GMB/GCL/CCL liner system, whereas the liner thermal conductivity and the temperature-dependent GCL effective diffusion coefficient and GCL distribution coefficient have a negligible effect.
{"title":"Analytical solution for solute transport in a triple liner under non-isothermal condition","authors":"J. Qiu, Yun He, Dingbao Song, J. Tong","doi":"10.1680/jgein.21.00122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.21.00122","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical solutions for the transport of contaminant through a 1D triple-layer composite liner system consisting of a geomembrane (GMB), a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) and a compacted clay liner (CCL) under non-isothermal conditions are derived using the generalized integral transform technique. The proposed analytical solutions account for the combined effects of molecular diffusion, sorption and thermodiffusion as well as the temperature-dependent distribution coefficient and effective diffusion coefficient. The proposed analytical solutions are successfully validated against the experimental results of thermodiffusion tests and verified against an analytical solution available in the literature and a numerical model based on commercial finite element software. Using the verified analytical solutions, simulations are performed with representative geometry and material properties for a GMB/GCL/CCL liner system. The results indicate that neglecting the effect of non-isothermal condition can underestimate the benzene outflow rate by over 30% when the temperature difference between the surface and bottom of the liner system exceeds 10 K. The temperature-dependent CCL effective diffusion coefficient and CCL distribution coefficient have significant effect on benzene transport through the GMB/GCL/CCL liner system, whereas the liner thermal conductivity and the temperature-dependent GCL effective diffusion coefficient and GCL distribution coefficient have a negligible effect.","PeriodicalId":12616,"journal":{"name":"Geosynthetics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46044502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents interaction experiments with transparent soil to investigate the load transfer at the interface of different geosynthetic reinforcements. Microscopic interaction performance was evaluated in terms of mobilised tensile loads and interfacial shear stresses resulting from the relative movement between geosynthetic and soil. The effects of geogrid aperture size, tensile stiffness, geogrid type and reinforcement configurations on the load transfer were analysed. It was found that with increasing soil deformation, the contribution of friction to the total load transfer decreased and the transverse ribs were increasingly activated. The interfacial shear stresses were reduced as the ratio of geogrid aperture to mean particle size increased, resulting in lower geogrid loads. Higher geogrids loads were mobilised with increasing tensile stiffness of the reinforcement, but lower displacements of geogrid and adjacent soil occurred. Consistent results were found for woven PET and laid PP geogrids. The most effective load transfer was obtained for the aperture configuration with two closely spaced transverse members at each rib, as the soil particles were additionally confined. When the geogrid was attached to a nonwoven geotextile, the separation function was enabled, but the reinforcement performance of the geocomposite was lower due to reduced particle-aperture interaction.
{"title":"Geogrid-soil interaction: Experimental analysis of factors influencing load transfer","authors":"J. Derksen, R. Fuentes, M. Ziegler","doi":"10.1680/jgein.21.00110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.21.00110","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents interaction experiments with transparent soil to investigate the load transfer at the interface of different geosynthetic reinforcements. Microscopic interaction performance was evaluated in terms of mobilised tensile loads and interfacial shear stresses resulting from the relative movement between geosynthetic and soil. The effects of geogrid aperture size, tensile stiffness, geogrid type and reinforcement configurations on the load transfer were analysed. It was found that with increasing soil deformation, the contribution of friction to the total load transfer decreased and the transverse ribs were increasingly activated. The interfacial shear stresses were reduced as the ratio of geogrid aperture to mean particle size increased, resulting in lower geogrid loads. Higher geogrids loads were mobilised with increasing tensile stiffness of the reinforcement, but lower displacements of geogrid and adjacent soil occurred. Consistent results were found for woven PET and laid PP geogrids. The most effective load transfer was obtained for the aperture configuration with two closely spaced transverse members at each rib, as the soil particles were additionally confined. When the geogrid was attached to a nonwoven geotextile, the separation function was enabled, but the reinforcement performance of the geocomposite was lower due to reduced particle-aperture interaction.","PeriodicalId":12616,"journal":{"name":"Geosynthetics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48948959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the benefits of using reinforced soil foundations to improve the bearing pressure of shallow foundations on soil using numerical methods. Numerical study of geogrid reinforced soil involves estimation and validation of geogrid properties. Reliability-based design of reinforced soil foundation is performed using kriging surrogates. It involves calibrating and validating a kriging model using samples generated by any deterministic geotechnical numerical model. Surrogate models simplify probabilistic computations and Monte Carlo Simulations. The design methodology is applied for a shallow foundation on soils reinforced with multiple geogrid layers. Results demonstrate the possibilities of surrogate modelling to design geogrid reinforced soil foundations and their capability to reduce settlement and improve bearing capacity, thereby reducing foundation area.
{"title":"Reliability-based design of geogrid reinforced soil foundation using kriging surrogates","authors":"K. M. Nazeeh, G. S. Sivakumar Babu","doi":"10.1680/jgein.21.00068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.21.00068","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the benefits of using reinforced soil foundations to improve the bearing pressure of shallow foundations on soil using numerical methods. Numerical study of geogrid reinforced soil involves estimation and validation of geogrid properties. Reliability-based design of reinforced soil foundation is performed using kriging surrogates. It involves calibrating and validating a kriging model using samples generated by any deterministic geotechnical numerical model. Surrogate models simplify probabilistic computations and Monte Carlo Simulations. The design methodology is applied for a shallow foundation on soils reinforced with multiple geogrid layers. Results demonstrate the possibilities of surrogate modelling to design geogrid reinforced soil foundations and their capability to reduce settlement and improve bearing capacity, thereby reducing foundation area.","PeriodicalId":12616,"journal":{"name":"Geosynthetics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48848874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A significant contributor to retaining wall structural failure occurs due to inadequate drainage in the backfill. A numerical model based on a computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) coupled approach was developed to simulate particle movement in the graded filter zone and piping through the geotextiles. The model was used for conventional as well conical geotextile filter systems that use a series of woven geotextiles filtering a coarse-grained backfill soil. The model results were compared with laboratory results to verify the accuracy. The results indicated that conical filter systems contribute to higher soil piping rates but provide higher permeability than conventional geotextile filtration system counterparts. The model predictions compared with the laboratory measurements indicated that the movement of particles (i.e., suffusion) influenced the soil-geotextile contact zone permeabilities and caused a decrease in system permeabilities. A retention ratio, αsl, successfully predicted piping rates for different types of woven geotextiles with a percent error range of 13-29%. Overall, the model predictions matched the laboratory results within an order of magnitude or less, indicating the predictive capability of the model.
{"title":"CFD-DEM Modeling of Filtration through Conventional and Conical Geotextile Filter Systems","authors":"S. C. Ryoo, S. Eruçar, T. M. Evans, A. Aydilek","doi":"10.1680/jgein.21.00098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.21.00098","url":null,"abstract":"A significant contributor to retaining wall structural failure occurs due to inadequate drainage in the backfill. A numerical model based on a computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) coupled approach was developed to simulate particle movement in the graded filter zone and piping through the geotextiles. The model was used for conventional as well conical geotextile filter systems that use a series of woven geotextiles filtering a coarse-grained backfill soil. The model results were compared with laboratory results to verify the accuracy. The results indicated that conical filter systems contribute to higher soil piping rates but provide higher permeability than conventional geotextile filtration system counterparts. The model predictions compared with the laboratory measurements indicated that the movement of particles (i.e., suffusion) influenced the soil-geotextile contact zone permeabilities and caused a decrease in system permeabilities. A retention ratio, αsl, successfully predicted piping rates for different types of woven geotextiles with a percent error range of 13-29%. Overall, the model predictions matched the laboratory results within an order of magnitude or less, indicating the predictive capability of the model.","PeriodicalId":12616,"journal":{"name":"Geosynthetics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45264189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the proposed study, reliability assessment of the reinforced slope (RFS) is carried out using an efficient and accurate technique of Fourth Moment Normal Transformation (FMNT). The probabilistic analysis is performed using both analytical and numerical methods. FMNT can estimate the probability of failure (Pf) of a RFS with unknown marginal distribution of input random variables. Only the first four moments of any random variable with unknown distribution is required to estimate the Pf of RFS. The use of FMNT with commercially available numerical software packages is precisely explained. The accuracy of the proposed technique, when used with different distributions of random variables is also illustrated. The present results show considerable efficiency of FMNT in estimating the Pf when used in analytical domain as well as with a numerical software. A detailed comparison in terms of the efficiency of the proposed formulation is also made with similar literature. FMNT is very useful for the designers to perform the reliability-based analysis of RFS. The present analytical method is also capable of incorporating the pseudo-static seismic forces into calculation.
{"title":"Reliability assessment of reinforced slopes with unknown probability distribution","authors":"E. Agarwal, A. Pain","doi":"10.1680/jgein.21.00106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.21.00106","url":null,"abstract":"In the proposed study, reliability assessment of the reinforced slope (RFS) is carried out using an efficient and accurate technique of Fourth Moment Normal Transformation (FMNT). The probabilistic analysis is performed using both analytical and numerical methods. FMNT can estimate the probability of failure (Pf) of a RFS with unknown marginal distribution of input random variables. Only the first four moments of any random variable with unknown distribution is required to estimate the Pf of RFS. The use of FMNT with commercially available numerical software packages is precisely explained. The accuracy of the proposed technique, when used with different distributions of random variables is also illustrated. The present results show considerable efficiency of FMNT in estimating the Pf when used in analytical domain as well as with a numerical software. A detailed comparison in terms of the efficiency of the proposed formulation is also made with similar literature. FMNT is very useful for the designers to perform the reliability-based analysis of RFS. The present analytical method is also capable of incorporating the pseudo-static seismic forces into calculation.","PeriodicalId":12616,"journal":{"name":"Geosynthetics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43627588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil flushing using prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is an innovative subsurface remediation technology for contaminated fine-grained soils. An analytical solution is presented to investigate the performance of PVD-enhanced system arranged in a rectangular pattern for soil remediation. The analytical solution is derived based on a simplified equivalent model in which PVDs are substituted by drain walls. The results of the analytical solution are shown to be roughly consistent with those obtained from the finite-element method. Using the proposed solution, the remediation efficiency for a rectangular layout is demonstrated to be higher than that for a parallel layout. Furthermore, the effects of distance between injection and extraction PVD, injection rate, distribution coefficient, and dispersivity are investigated. Results indicate that a square pattern is the optimal layout of PVDs compared to other rectangular patterns. Increasing the injection rate of individual PVDs is an effective way to improve the remediation efficiency. The increase of distribution coefficient of contaminant leads to a significant increase in the remediation time, and the increase of longitudinal and transverse dispersivity results in a more uniform spatial distribution of contaminant concentration during the flushing process.
{"title":"An analytical solution for contaminant extraction using PVD-enhanced system arranged in a rectangular pattern","authors":"X. Zhou, H.-Y. Wang, D. Ling, W. Liu, H. Ke","doi":"10.1680/jgein.21.00095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.21.00095","url":null,"abstract":"Soil flushing using prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is an innovative subsurface remediation technology for contaminated fine-grained soils. An analytical solution is presented to investigate the performance of PVD-enhanced system arranged in a rectangular pattern for soil remediation. The analytical solution is derived based on a simplified equivalent model in which PVDs are substituted by drain walls. The results of the analytical solution are shown to be roughly consistent with those obtained from the finite-element method. Using the proposed solution, the remediation efficiency for a rectangular layout is demonstrated to be higher than that for a parallel layout. Furthermore, the effects of distance between injection and extraction PVD, injection rate, distribution coefficient, and dispersivity are investigated. Results indicate that a square pattern is the optimal layout of PVDs compared to other rectangular patterns. Increasing the injection rate of individual PVDs is an effective way to improve the remediation efficiency. The increase of distribution coefficient of contaminant leads to a significant increase in the remediation time, and the increase of longitudinal and transverse dispersivity results in a more uniform spatial distribution of contaminant concentration during the flushing process.","PeriodicalId":12616,"journal":{"name":"Geosynthetics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41724338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1680/jgein.2022.29.2.113
J. Giroud
{"title":"Last words from the former Chairman of the Editorial Board","authors":"J. Giroud","doi":"10.1680/jgein.2022.29.2.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.2022.29.2.113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12616,"journal":{"name":"Geosynthetics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47240765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1680/jgein.29.2.preface
C. Yoo, Y. Jung
{"title":"Introduction to Special Issue on the 11th International Conference on Geosynthetics (11ICG)","authors":"C. Yoo, Y. Jung","doi":"10.1680/jgein.29.2.preface","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.29.2.preface","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12616,"journal":{"name":"Geosynthetics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47985897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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