Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.4.2028
J. A. Lazzús, I. Salfate, P. Vega-Jorquera
Debido a las complejidades de la investigación magnetosférica, la instalación y gestión de nuevas estaciones terrestres magnéticas de acuerdo con los estándares modernos es crucial para monitorear las perturbaciones magnetosféricas y los fenómenos relacionados. En respuesta al desarrollo de nuevas herramientas in situ y conjuntos de datos tomados en tierra que respalden estos estudios, se evaluaron los datos generados por la estación terrestre magnética de baja latitud de La Serena (en las coordenadas geográficas: ‒29.827, ‒71.261; y coordenadas magnéticas: ‒16.55, 0.17) para describir tormentas geomagnéticas intensas. Esta estación en la ciudad de La Serena (Chile), es dependiente del Laboratorio de Física Espacial y Atmosférica de la Universidad de La Serena (LAFESAT). Con estos datos, estudiamos las cinco tormentas geomagnéticas más intensas (Dst <‒100 nT) ocurridas durante la fase máxima del ciclo solar 24 (desde 2014 hasta principios de 2016). Los resultados muestran que las variaciones de la componente H de las mediciones de la estación La Serena son consistentes con las variaciones del índice Dst reportadas para cada tormenta analizada, obteniendo valores de coeficiente de correlación de hasta 0.97 para tormentas con Dst <‒200 nT. Además, nuestros resultados son consistentes con la fuerte influencia que tienen de los sistemas de corriente magnetosférica/ionosférica sobre el componente H durante una intensa tormenta geomagnética.
{"title":"Intense Geomagnetic Storms in The Maximum Phase of Solar Cycle 24 Observed From a Low-Latitude Ground Station","authors":"J. A. Lazzús, I. Salfate, P. Vega-Jorquera","doi":"10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.4.2028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.4.2028","url":null,"abstract":"Debido a las complejidades de la investigación magnetosférica, la instalación y gestión de nuevas estaciones terrestres magnéticas de acuerdo con los estándares modernos es crucial para monitorear las perturbaciones magnetosféricas y los fenómenos relacionados. En respuesta al desarrollo de nuevas herramientas in situ y conjuntos de datos tomados en tierra que respalden estos estudios, se evaluaron los datos generados por la estación terrestre magnética de baja latitud de La Serena (en las coordenadas geográficas: ‒29.827, ‒71.261; y coordenadas magnéticas: ‒16.55, 0.17) para describir tormentas geomagnéticas intensas. Esta estación en la ciudad de La Serena (Chile), es dependiente del Laboratorio de Física Espacial y Atmosférica de la Universidad de La Serena (LAFESAT). Con estos datos, estudiamos las cinco tormentas geomagnéticas más intensas (Dst <‒100 nT) ocurridas durante la fase máxima del ciclo solar 24 (desde 2014 hasta principios de 2016). Los resultados muestran que las variaciones de la componente H de las mediciones de la estación La Serena son consistentes con las variaciones del índice Dst reportadas para cada tormenta analizada, obteniendo valores de coeficiente de correlación de hasta 0.97 para tormentas con Dst <‒200 nT. Además, nuestros resultados son consistentes con la fuerte influencia que tienen de los sistemas de corriente magnetosférica/ionosférica sobre el componente H durante una intensa tormenta geomagnética.","PeriodicalId":12624,"journal":{"name":"Geofisica Internacional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47754429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.4.2228
C. Flores, Thalia Avilés Esquivel, C. Arango
Los métodos geofísicos dan información importante en la exploración de recursos geotérmicos. En este trabajo buscamos pistas de la presencia de un yacimiento geotérmico conocido (Los Humeros, México) en la estructura somera de la resistividad eléctrica. Interpretamos cerca de 410 sondeos eléctricos verticales (SEV) y 230 sondeos electromagnéticos transitorios (TEM) que dan información de la resistividad eléctrica hasta profundidades de 1 km, alcanzándose en algunos sitios hasta 2 km.La estructura vertical de la resistividad generalmente consiste de una secuencia resistivo-conductor-resistivo. El rasgo más importante es la unidad conductora, conocida como el casquete de arcillas, asociado con arcillas de alteración hidrotermal arriba del yacimiento geotérmico. Esta unidad sufre de un problema de equivalencia, donde no se pueden determinar por separado su resistividad de su espesor. Sin embargo, las temperaturas de los pozos y las arcillas de alteración asociadas ayudan a constreñir este problema. En varias zonas de la unidad resistiva somera encontramos resistividades bajas que podrían representar zonas de recarga donde roca fracturada permite la infiltración de agua meteórica. El casquete de arcillas no solo se presenta sobre el yacimiento, sino que tiene una presencia regional. Sin embargo, sobre el reservorio esta unidad tiene una mayor conductancia y su cima está más somera. Los pocos lugares donde los sondeos eléctricos alcanzaron profundidades del yacimiento con resistividades bien resueltas dan una resistividad media de 118 ohm▪m, sin poder diferenciar estadísticamente las zonas productoras de las no productoras. Esta resistividad está dentro del rango de valores encontrados en otras zonas geotérmicas del mundo.
{"title":"Seal Cap Resistivity Structure of Los Humeros Geothermal Field from Direct Current and Transient Electromagnetic Soundings","authors":"C. Flores, Thalia Avilés Esquivel, C. Arango","doi":"10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.4.2228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.4.2228","url":null,"abstract":"Los métodos geofísicos dan información importante en la exploración de recursos geotérmicos. En este trabajo buscamos pistas de la presencia de un yacimiento geotérmico conocido (Los Humeros, México) en la estructura somera de la resistividad eléctrica. Interpretamos cerca de 410 sondeos eléctricos verticales (SEV) y 230 sondeos electromagnéticos transitorios (TEM) que dan información de la resistividad eléctrica hasta profundidades de 1 km, alcanzándose en algunos sitios hasta 2 km.La estructura vertical de la resistividad generalmente consiste de una secuencia resistivo-conductor-resistivo. El rasgo más importante es la unidad conductora, conocida como el casquete de arcillas, asociado con arcillas de alteración hidrotermal arriba del yacimiento geotérmico. Esta unidad sufre de un problema de equivalencia, donde no se pueden determinar por separado su resistividad de su espesor. Sin embargo, las temperaturas de los pozos y las arcillas de alteración asociadas ayudan a constreñir este problema. En varias zonas de la unidad resistiva somera encontramos resistividades bajas que podrían representar zonas de recarga donde roca fracturada permite la infiltración de agua meteórica. El casquete de arcillas no solo se presenta sobre el yacimiento, sino que tiene una presencia regional. Sin embargo, sobre el reservorio esta unidad tiene una mayor conductancia y su cima está más somera. Los pocos lugares donde los sondeos eléctricos alcanzaron profundidades del yacimiento con resistividades bien resueltas dan una resistividad media de 118 ohm▪m, sin poder diferenciar estadísticamente las zonas productoras de las no productoras. Esta resistividad está dentro del rango de valores encontrados en otras zonas geotérmicas del mundo.","PeriodicalId":12624,"journal":{"name":"Geofisica Internacional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43410021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.4.2113
Jorge A. Leal F., Luis H. Ochoa G., Gustavo A. Sarmiento P.
Esta investigación presenta un enfoque alternativo para calcular el contenido de carbono orgánico total utilizando registros de cable y técnicas de aprendizaje automático; específicamente, imágenes resistivas de pozo, su resistividad promedio y registro de rayos gamma son empleados para entrenar un modelo regresivo. La metodología se aplicó en la Formación La Luna, la cual ha sido reportada como una de las principales rocas generadoras de Colombia y el oeste de Venezuela. El objetivo de este trabajo es enseñar a una máquina como reconocer patrones entre rasgos fractales en imágenes de pozo y su contenido de carbono orgánico total. El aprendizaje automático implementado se basa en técnicas de aprendizaje por conjuntos, en este caso, un conjunto de árboles de decisión conocido como bosques aleatorios. Los datos empleados tienen un total de 960 mediciones de registros, los cuales fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 80% para entrenamiento y 20% para validación. El resultado es equivalente a la curva obtenida con una regresión semilogarítmica del carbono orgánico medido en el núcleo contra valores de registro de densidad. La precisión de este método es suficientemente alta para ser considerada durante evaluaciones petrofísicas, mostrando un error medio cuadrático de 0.44% y un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0.88. La metodología depende de la calidad de la imagen y cualquier anomalía en estos datos aumentará el error. El modelo generado debe ser recalibrado para otras formaciones, pozos horizontales, desviados y cuando se empleen registro de imágenes durante la perforación.
{"title":"Content of Total Organic Carbon Using Random Forest, Borehole Imaging, and Fractal Analysis: A Methodology Applied in the Cretaceous La Luna Formation, South America","authors":"Jorge A. Leal F., Luis H. Ochoa G., Gustavo A. Sarmiento P.","doi":"10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.4.2113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.4.2113","url":null,"abstract":"Esta investigación presenta un enfoque alternativo para calcular el contenido de carbono orgánico total utilizando registros de cable y técnicas de aprendizaje automático; específicamente, imágenes resistivas de pozo, su resistividad promedio y registro de rayos gamma son empleados para entrenar un modelo regresivo. La metodología se aplicó en la Formación La Luna, la cual ha sido reportada como una de las principales rocas generadoras de Colombia y el oeste de Venezuela. El objetivo de este trabajo es enseñar a una máquina como reconocer patrones entre rasgos fractales en imágenes de pozo y su contenido de carbono orgánico total. El aprendizaje automático implementado se basa en técnicas de aprendizaje por conjuntos, en este caso, un conjunto de árboles de decisión conocido como bosques aleatorios. Los datos empleados tienen un total de 960 mediciones de registros, los cuales fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 80% para entrenamiento y 20% para validación. El resultado es equivalente a la curva obtenida con una regresión semilogarítmica del carbono orgánico medido en el núcleo contra valores de registro de densidad. La precisión de este método es suficientemente alta para ser considerada durante evaluaciones petrofísicas, mostrando un error medio cuadrático de 0.44% y un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0.88. La metodología depende de la calidad de la imagen y cualquier anomalía en estos datos aumentará el error. El modelo generado debe ser recalibrado para otras formaciones, pozos horizontales, desviados y cuando se empleen registro de imágenes durante la perforación.","PeriodicalId":12624,"journal":{"name":"Geofisica Internacional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42488535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2012.51.2.602
H. López-Loera
Se presentan los resultados de un modelo 2 3f4 D de Ia anomalía aeromagnetica del Volcán de Colima ubicado en Ia porción sur del Complejo Volcánico de Colima. El modelo estructural documenta Ia presencia de una cámara magmática de forma alargada con una longitud mayor a los 10 km en Ia dirección norte-sur y que se extiende mas de 6.6 km al sur del Volcán de Colima. El máximo espesor de Ia cámara magmática esta hacia el ESE del cráter del Volcán de Colima y tiene una extensión del orden de los 6.9 km. Hacia los bordes Ia cámara magmática presenta espesores del orden de los 820m a 620 m al sur y norte respectivamente. Bajo el Volcán de Colima de localiza a una profundidad entre 4.9 y 1.2 km bajo el nivel del mar. El modelo geofísico es consistente con las propuestas de Ia migración norte-sur de Ia actividad en el Complejo Volcánico de Colima.doi: sin doi
{"title":"2 3/4 dimension modeling of the aeromagnetic anomaly of Volcan de Colima, western Mexico","authors":"H. López-Loera","doi":"10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2012.51.2.602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2012.51.2.602","url":null,"abstract":"Se presentan los resultados de un modelo 2 3f4 D de Ia anomalía aeromagnetica del Volcán de Colima ubicado en Ia porción sur del Complejo Volcánico de Colima. El modelo estructural documenta Ia presencia de una cámara magmática de forma alargada con una longitud mayor a los 10 km en Ia dirección norte-sur y que se extiende mas de 6.6 km al sur del Volcán de Colima. El máximo espesor de Ia cámara magmática esta hacia el ESE del cráter del Volcán de Colima y tiene una extensión del orden de los 6.9 km. Hacia los bordes Ia cámara magmática presenta espesores del orden de los 820m a 620 m al sur y norte respectivamente. Bajo el Volcán de Colima de localiza a una profundidad entre 4.9 y 1.2 km bajo el nivel del mar. El modelo geofísico es consistente con las propuestas de Ia migración norte-sur de Ia actividad en el Complejo Volcánico de Colima.doi: sin doi","PeriodicalId":12624,"journal":{"name":"Geofisica Internacional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45363674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.2.2201
R. Caballero, J. Richardson
This work analyzes Voyager 2 observations on November 2018 and compares them with Voyager 1 data at the vicinity of the heliopause in July-August 2012. We describe the plasma and cosmic-ray variations at the radial distance of $approx$ 1 astronomical unit (AU) from the heliopause. We use a simple convection-diffusion cosmic-ray modulation model to qualitatively explain the particle observations. We found a thin layer, with a thickness of $approx$ 0.04 AU where the radial component of the solar wind speed vanished, the galactic cosmic ray intensity rapidly increased to reach its heliosphere boundary level, and low-energy heliospheric ion intensity drooped. We called this layer the "skin of the heliosphere". Plasma data suggest that Voyager 2 crossed the heliopause on November 5, 2018, at the radial distance of 119.03 AU. We apply our analysis to Voyager 1 observations and conclude that similar behavior in solar wind speed could qualitatively explain the GCR counting rate and that the "skin of the heliosphere" maybe a global characteristic along the heliopause.
{"title":"Voyager's observations in the vicinity of the heliopause","authors":"R. Caballero, J. Richardson","doi":"10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.2.2201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.2.2201","url":null,"abstract":"This work analyzes Voyager 2 observations on November 2018 and compares them with Voyager 1 data at the vicinity of the heliopause in July-August 2012. We describe the plasma and cosmic-ray variations at the radial distance of $approx$ 1 astronomical unit (AU) from the heliopause. We use a simple convection-diffusion cosmic-ray modulation model to qualitatively explain the particle observations. We found a thin layer, with a thickness of $approx$ 0.04 AU where the radial component of the solar wind speed vanished, the galactic cosmic ray intensity rapidly increased to reach its heliosphere boundary level, and low-energy heliospheric ion intensity drooped. We called this layer the \"skin of the heliosphere\". Plasma data suggest that Voyager 2 crossed the heliopause on November 5, 2018, at the radial distance of 119.03 AU. We apply our analysis to Voyager 1 observations and conclude that similar behavior in solar wind speed could qualitatively explain the GCR counting rate and that the \"skin of the heliosphere\" maybe a global characteristic along the heliopause.","PeriodicalId":12624,"journal":{"name":"Geofisica Internacional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46111630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.2.2054
M. Abdul-Wahed
Damascus fault is a remarkable reverse tectonic structure trending directly adjacent to Damascus city, and may possibly represent a significant seismic hazard to the city. In this respect, the present work examines the instrumental seismic activity and establishes an earthquake catalogue covering the period 1995-2012 for this important fault, aiming to identify its contribution to the regional seismic hazard. The quantitative analysis reveals the Damascus fault is characterized by low magnitude earthquakes, which implies that the fault could be considered in quiescence status. The analysis exhibit the b-value of Gutenberg-Richter relationship is estimated to be 0.90 using the least-squares method, which could be compatible with a thrust faulting, such as Damascus fault, regarding the published literature. Also, this value could be reasonable for further interpretations. In addition, the return periods of large earthquakes have been estimated to be very long by extrapolation of the established recurrence relationship. Moreover, the maximum regional earthquake magnitude has been estimated by Kijko's procedure as maximum likelihood estimator. This procedure has predicted the maximum possible earthquake magnitude to be 4.2. Consequently, the seismic quiescence, observed actually along Damascus fault, and the estimated long return period implies that a large earthquake could be still so far away.
{"title":"New insights into the seismic activity of Damascus fault (Syria): a quantitative analysis","authors":"M. Abdul-Wahed","doi":"10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.2.2054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.2.2054","url":null,"abstract":"Damascus fault is a remarkable reverse tectonic structure trending directly adjacent to Damascus city, and may possibly represent a significant seismic hazard to the city. In this respect, the present work examines the instrumental seismic activity and establishes an earthquake catalogue covering the period 1995-2012 for this important fault, aiming to identify its contribution to the regional seismic hazard. The quantitative analysis reveals the Damascus fault is characterized by low magnitude earthquakes, which implies that the fault could be considered in quiescence status. The analysis exhibit the b-value of Gutenberg-Richter relationship is estimated to be 0.90 using the least-squares method, which could be compatible with a thrust faulting, such as Damascus fault, regarding the published literature. Also, this value could be reasonable for further interpretations. In addition, the return periods of large earthquakes have been estimated to be very long by extrapolation of the established recurrence relationship. Moreover, the maximum regional earthquake magnitude has been estimated by Kijko's procedure as maximum likelihood estimator. This procedure has predicted the maximum possible earthquake magnitude to be 4.2. Consequently, the seismic quiescence, observed actually along Damascus fault, and the estimated long return period implies that a large earthquake could be still so far away.","PeriodicalId":12624,"journal":{"name":"Geofisica Internacional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48214991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.2.2197
M. Al-Hilal
The main purpose of the present study is to assess the role of active tectonics in influencing the emanation level of soil radon across two tectonically active structures of the Northern Dead Sea Fault (NDSF) in northwestern Syria: namely, the Qastoon and Al-Harif fault segments. The radon measurements were basically directed by the results drawn from earlier studies of archaeoseismic and paleoseismic investigation in Al-Harif, besides integrated geophysical and morphotectonic survey at the Qastoon site. In view of that, a total of 80 soil gas radon points were measured in this work with sampling depth of 75 cm, using AlphaGUARD PQ 2000Pro radon detector. The background range of normal radon emission from local soil was determined in area located away from the influence of the tectonic disturbances. The obtained radon data were statistically analyzed and the mean values have been standardized in terms of probability of magnitude which enhances the comparison process and so facilitating the separation of normal radon variations from other anomalous or geotectonic related values. The overall results revealed remarkable occurrences of fault-associated radon anomalies with maximum peak values of ~6 to 7 times above the background, trending in accordance with the predicted traces of the fault ruptures at the Qastoon and Al-Harif, respectively.
{"title":"Assessment of the tectonic effects on soil radon activity along the margin of the Arabian plate boundary in northwestern Syria","authors":"M. Al-Hilal","doi":"10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.2.2197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.2.2197","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the present study is to assess the role of active tectonics in influencing the emanation level of soil radon across two tectonically active structures of the Northern Dead Sea Fault (NDSF) in northwestern Syria: namely, the Qastoon and Al-Harif fault segments. The radon measurements were basically directed by the results drawn from earlier studies of archaeoseismic and paleoseismic investigation in Al-Harif, besides integrated geophysical and morphotectonic survey at the Qastoon site. In view of that, a total of 80 soil gas radon points were measured in this work with sampling depth of 75 cm, using AlphaGUARD PQ 2000Pro radon detector. The background range of normal radon emission from local soil was determined in area located away from the influence of the tectonic disturbances. The obtained radon data were statistically analyzed and the mean values have been standardized in terms of probability of magnitude which enhances the comparison process and so facilitating the separation of normal radon variations from other anomalous or geotectonic related values. The overall results revealed remarkable occurrences of fault-associated radon anomalies with maximum peak values of ~6 to 7 times above the background, trending in accordance with the predicted traces of the fault ruptures at the Qastoon and Al-Harif, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12624,"journal":{"name":"Geofisica Internacional","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42048446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.2.2199
V. Zobin
The study of seismic risk is important element in the natural hazard assessment, especially in the regions of high seismic activity and low quality of housing. The new technologies, developed to reduce risk against natural hazards in large modern cities, are expensive and need in continuous instrumental monitoring of strong motions. The main problem in estimation of the seismic risk for the localities, representing with the vulnerable low-rise, non-engineered (LRNE) housing in many states of Africa, Asia and Latin America, consists in a search of an optimal and low-cost tool for estimation of the extent of physical damage to property for different type of housing. This article proposes a simplified methodology of the seismic risk evaluation for the localities, where the vulnerable LRNE houses represent most residential constructions. The methodology is based on evaluation of the following sources of information: the internet-available catalogs of world-wide of recent and historical earthquakes and visual inspection and classification of the vulnerability level of residential LRNE houses as well as a visual macroseismic inspection of the residential house damage after destructive earthquakes. This methodology is applied to the localities of the State of Colima, México characterizing with the LRNE type of residential houses. The prognostic of damage probability during large earthquake for residential houses in Colima city, based on this methodology, was firstly proposed in 1999 and then was updated in 2007 after the analysis of damage distribution during the Mw 7.5 earthquake of 2003 (MM VII in Colima city). This article presents microzoning of the seismic risk for two localities of Colima State together with a probabilistic prognostic of the expected damage in housing and financial losses during the maximum intensity earthquakes at the localities.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.1.2188
María de Jesús González-Guadarrama, Silvia E. Castillo-Blum, M. A. Armienta
Abstract 22 This work discusses the importance of organic matter, specifically Aquatic Humic Substances (SHA) 23 within the speciation and distribution of metals within an aquatic system, in this case Xochimilco 24 Lake, a site with great ecological importance. This lake is the natural habitat of the endemic species 25 “axolotl” (ajolote). In this research, complexation reactions between SHA and metals (Cu, Mn, Pb 26 and Zn) were carried out under different reaction conditions, the source of AHS was water samples 27 taken in Xochimilco Lake in presence and absence of pH buffer dissolution and varying the 28 concentration of metals. The results show that there is a direct competition between the major 29 elements and trace elements to react with the AHS. Under the pH conditions of Xochimilco Lake 30 complexes formation is possible. 31
{"title":"Complejación de metales por sustancias húmicas acuáticas como proceso natural, tomando como caso de estudio el Lago de Xochimilco","authors":"María de Jesús González-Guadarrama, Silvia E. Castillo-Blum, M. A. Armienta","doi":"10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.1.2188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.1.2188","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Abstract 22 \u0000This work discusses the importance of organic matter, specifically Aquatic Humic Substances (SHA) 23 within the speciation and distribution of metals within an aquatic system, in this case Xochimilco 24 Lake, a site with great ecological importance. This lake is the natural habitat of the endemic species 25 “axolotl” (ajolote). In this research, complexation reactions between SHA and metals (Cu, Mn, Pb 26 and Zn) were carried out under different reaction conditions, the source of AHS was water samples 27 taken in Xochimilco Lake in presence and absence of pH buffer dissolution and varying the 28 concentration of metals. The results show that there is a direct competition between the major 29 elements and trace elements to react with the AHS. Under the pH conditions of Xochimilco Lake 30 complexes formation is possible. 31","PeriodicalId":12624,"journal":{"name":"Geofisica Internacional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49033226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.1.2189
Adriana Paulo de Sousa Oliveira, Rafaela Ribeiro Gracelli, Arthur Amaral e Silva, Vitor Juste dos Santos, Jackeline de Siqueira Castro, M. Calijuri
Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) can result in significant changes in a hydrographic ba- sin flow regime. Future projections about LULC and its interference with water availability help to identify extreme events in advance and help propose appropriate management measures. Thus, this study aimed to make the LULC projection for the year 2030 for the Alto Rio Grande (ARG) sub- basin, located in Southeastern Brazil. This region was chosen because of its intense water resources use and for having recently faced water scarcity as result of prolonged droughts and inadequate water resources management. To identify the LULC trend for the year 2030, the Land Change Modeler (LCM) was used, the map obtained was inserted in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model previously calibrated and validated for the region’ environmental and climatic conditions. The ARG sub-basin was affected by heavy rains in 2011, which resulted in changes in the landscape due to landslides. This particularity of the region contributed to the projection of LULC for the year 2030 to present an increase in forest and pastures to the agricultural areas detriment. When evaluating the impacts of these changes in water availability, it was observed that the SWAT model presented, for the same rainfall conditions, a reduction in peak streamflows of up to 59% and a reduction in the average monthly flow of up to 63% in 2030 in relation to the LULC observed in 2017. Thus, this study provides an important contribution by identifying a considerable reduction in water availability. These results will help to formulate strategies for water resources management and the adoption of measures to promote water security in the region.
{"title":"Projection of land use to 2030 and its impacts on water availability in a brazilian sub-basin: A LCM and SWAT approach","authors":"Adriana Paulo de Sousa Oliveira, Rafaela Ribeiro Gracelli, Arthur Amaral e Silva, Vitor Juste dos Santos, Jackeline de Siqueira Castro, M. Calijuri","doi":"10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.1.2189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.1.2189","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) can result in significant changes in a hydrographic ba- sin flow regime. Future projections about LULC and its interference with water availability help to identify extreme events in advance and help propose appropriate management measures. Thus, this study aimed to make the LULC projection for the year 2030 for the Alto Rio Grande (ARG) sub- basin, located in Southeastern Brazil. This region was chosen because of its intense water resources use and for having recently faced water scarcity as result of prolonged droughts and inadequate water resources management. To identify the LULC trend for the year 2030, the Land Change Modeler (LCM) was used, the map obtained was inserted in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model previously calibrated and validated for the region’ environmental and climatic conditions. The ARG sub-basin was affected by heavy rains in 2011, which resulted in changes in the landscape due to landslides. This particularity of the region contributed to the projection of LULC for the year 2030 to present an increase in forest and pastures to the agricultural areas detriment. When evaluating the impacts of these changes in water availability, it was observed that the SWAT model presented, for the same rainfall conditions, a reduction in peak streamflows of up to 59% and a reduction in the average monthly flow of up to 63% in 2030 in relation to the LULC observed in 2017. Thus, this study provides an important contribution by identifying a considerable reduction in water availability. These results will help to formulate strategies for water resources management and the adoption of measures to promote water security in the region.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":12624,"journal":{"name":"Geofisica Internacional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43801548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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