In Algeria, the work undertaken on the ecology of wild rodents mainly focuses on gerbils and merions, and Cténdactylideae. As for hystricide, to our knowledge studies are non-existent although porcupine (Hystrix cristata). Although being a protected species, the porcupine is considered an agricultural pest, with tasty meat, and therefore largely poached. This study took place over a two-year cycle from 2017 to 2019. Field investigations began in region of Tlemcen. A survey was carried out to collect information; we used 25 questions about farmer and hunter like age, jobs, profession ...) also a question about the use of porcupine in this area and how the farmer and hunter deal with this animal. Sampling was carried out on individuals of both sexes, male and female. A total of 22 individuals were sampled, including 12 males and 10 females. The description of the qualitative characteristics was made using a visual examination. Two qualitative variables were studied. The description of the quantitative characteristics was carried out using a tape measure in which each animal was subjected to 15 body measurements. For the physico-chemical analysis, 100 g of fresh meat from two healthy individuals was used. Descriptive analysis revealed that females are larger than males; the black color of the skin (59.09%) is the most dominant compared to the dark brown (36.36%) and light brown (4.54%) color. Principal component analysis (PCA) has shown that all quantitative variables are positively correlated with each other. The principal component analysis of individuals by region shows that the majority of individuals from the interior plains have high values (Maghnia and Remchi) and the majority of individuals from forest areas have the lowest values (Ghazawat, Mafrouche and Ain fezza) . Principal component analysis of individuals by sex shows that females contain high values compared to males. Principal component analysis of individuals by skin color shows no difference between individuals. The ascending hierarchical classification (CAH) confirmed the results of the CPA which allowed us to distinguish 4 classes. The results of physico-chemical analysis of the fresh meat of 2 individuals (male and female) of the Ghanmi breed, for 100g of fresh meat reveal that the protein content is 21.5-20 g, the lipid content is quite important in the female compared to the male (3g in the female and 1.35 g in the male). In contrast, the carbohydrate content and per 100 g of meat was zero
{"title":"Contribution to the morphometric characterization and physico-chemical analysis of meat of porcupines (Hystrix cristata ) in Tlemcen region","authors":"Sidi Mohammed Boufatah, Ikram Mkedder, S. Gaouar","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v6i1.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v6i1.190","url":null,"abstract":"In Algeria, the work undertaken on the ecology of wild rodents mainly focuses on gerbils and merions, and Cténdactylideae. As for hystricide, to our knowledge studies are non-existent although porcupine (Hystrix cristata). Although being a protected species, the porcupine is considered an agricultural pest, with tasty meat, and therefore largely poached. This study took place over a two-year cycle from 2017 to 2019. Field investigations began in region of Tlemcen. A survey was carried out to collect information; we used 25 questions about farmer and hunter like age, jobs, profession ...) also a question about the use of porcupine in this area and how the farmer and hunter deal with this animal. Sampling was carried out on individuals of both sexes, male and female. A total of 22 individuals were sampled, including 12 males and 10 females. The description of the qualitative characteristics was made using a visual examination. Two qualitative variables were studied. The description of the quantitative characteristics was carried out using a tape measure in which each animal was subjected to 15 body measurements. For the physico-chemical analysis, 100 g of fresh meat from two healthy individuals was used. Descriptive analysis revealed that females are larger than males; the black color of the skin (59.09%) is the most dominant compared to the dark brown (36.36%) and light brown (4.54%) color. Principal component analysis (PCA) has shown that all quantitative variables are positively correlated with each other. The principal component analysis of individuals by region shows that the majority of individuals from the interior plains have high values (Maghnia and Remchi) and the majority of individuals from forest areas have the lowest values (Ghazawat, Mafrouche and Ain fezza) . Principal component analysis of individuals by sex shows that females contain high values compared to males. Principal component analysis of individuals by skin color shows no difference between individuals. The ascending hierarchical classification (CAH) confirmed the results of the CPA which allowed us to distinguish 4 classes. The results of physico-chemical analysis of the fresh meat of 2 individuals (male and female) of the Ghanmi breed, for 100g of fresh meat reveal that the protein content is 21.5-20 g, the lipid content is quite important in the female compared to the male (3g in the female and 1.35 g in the male). In contrast, the carbohydrate content and per 100 g of meat was zero","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89987182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheep farming systems in the steppe of M'sila eastern Algeria play a key role in the red meat production chain. The aim of this contribution is to assess the sustainability of sheep farms in relation to the current functioning of the breeding and to describe the strong and weak points limiting improvement of productivity in a perspective of sustainability. The method of indicators of sustainability of farms (IDEA) was used to evaluate sustainability. The typological results allowed us to distinguish two main types of livestock farming, namely agro pastoral and pastoral, which have different sustainability profiles. The agro pastoral type is characterized by sustainability scores of 69.4/100, 43.6/100 and 36.4/100 respectively for agro ecological, socio-territorial and economic sustainability. The pastoral type shows the same trend with superiority in the economic scale. The comparison of the sustainability scales in relation to the type of livestock showed that the two livestock systems are significantly different for agro-ecological and socio-territorial scale (P<0.05) in contrast to the economic scale. Consequently, each type requires particular improvements, according to its functioning and the threshold of the scores realized at the level of the global sustainability in order to guarantee a profitability of the breeding at the level of the Algerian steppe region.
{"title":"Sustainability’s Indicators of sheep farming systems in the eastern steppe ecosystem of Algeria","authors":"Djelloul Boussaada, Houari Yerou","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v6i1.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v6i1.193","url":null,"abstract":"Sheep farming systems in the steppe of M'sila eastern Algeria play a key role in the red meat production chain. The aim of this contribution is to assess the sustainability of sheep farms in relation to the current functioning of the breeding and to describe the strong and weak points limiting improvement of productivity in a perspective of sustainability. The method of indicators of sustainability of farms (IDEA) was used to evaluate sustainability. The typological results allowed us to distinguish two main types of livestock farming, namely agro pastoral and pastoral, which have different sustainability profiles. The agro pastoral type is characterized by sustainability scores of 69.4/100, 43.6/100 and 36.4/100 respectively for agro ecological, socio-territorial and economic sustainability. The pastoral type shows the same trend with superiority in the economic scale. The comparison of the sustainability scales in relation to the type of livestock showed that the two livestock systems are significantly different for agro-ecological and socio-territorial scale (P<0.05) in contrast to the economic scale. Consequently, each type requires particular improvements, according to its functioning and the threshold of the scores realized at the level of the global sustainability in order to guarantee a profitability of the breeding at the level of the Algerian steppe region.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90882431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), which is sometimes referred to as Aoudad, is widely spread in different parts of Africa as an endemic species, while in Europe and America it is an introduced species. This animal is protected by the decrees of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as well as by the laws of several countries, including Algeria. In order to conserve the Barbary sheep in its natural environment, it was decided to carry out this work which is in fact an update of the knowledge on the presence of the Barbary sheep in the region of Illizi (southeast of Algeria). To do this, surveys were carried out on 20 transects during the years 2015 and 2016 in the region of Illizi (southeastern Algeria) in order to identify populations of wild ungulates, in particular Ammotragus lervia. These transect surveys led to finding a number that exceeds 131 animals divided into 30 females, 43 males and 19 young individuals. In addition, 39 individuals who were observed from afar, and therefore it was not possible to clearly determine their sex. However, the nature of their habitats could be identified. It should also be recognized that the Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) is a species that is seriously threatened by the risk of poaching.
{"title":"Presence of the Barbary Sheep (Ammotragus lervia) in the region of Illizi (Southeast Algeria)","authors":"Ahmed Irzagh, Louiza Derouiche, A. Benrima","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v6i1.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v6i1.205","url":null,"abstract":"The Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), which is sometimes referred to as Aoudad, is widely spread in different parts of Africa as an endemic species, while in Europe and America it is an introduced species. This animal is protected by the decrees of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as well as by the laws of several countries, including Algeria. In order to conserve the Barbary sheep in its natural environment, it was decided to carry out this work which is in fact an update of the knowledge on the presence of the Barbary sheep in the region of Illizi (southeast of Algeria). To do this, surveys were carried out on 20 transects during the years 2015 and 2016 in the region of Illizi (southeastern Algeria) in order to identify populations of wild ungulates, in particular Ammotragus lervia. These transect surveys led to finding a number that exceeds 131 animals divided into 30 females, 43 males and 19 young individuals. In addition, 39 individuals who were observed from afar, and therefore it was not possible to clearly determine their sex. However, the nature of their habitats could be identified. It should also be recognized that the Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) is a species that is seriously threatened by the risk of poaching.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81645614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indigenous livestock resources are strategic in the socio-economic of rural agricultural systems to ensure food and nutritional security in resource-poor countries. In Cameroon, small ruminant farming significantly contributes to food security and income generation. Given its great ecological variety, Cameroon hosts a large genetic diversity of sheep, but the knowledge on these is scanty. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity of Cameroon's Ovine genetic resources for their better use and conservation, an analysis of the Djallonke sheep genetic diversity based on the D loop of the ovine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was performed on the highlands of West Cameroon Djallonke breed. To achieve this, analyses of 16 sequences of a 989bp fragment of the mtDNA D-loop region from the population were conducted in conjunction with previously published sequences from African, European, Japanese and Chinese ovine genotypes. Fourteen haplotypes were observed with a high mean haplotype diversity of 1.0000±0.027, nucleotide diversity (π) of order of 0.11082±0.062. The average nucleotide difference between sequences taken two by two was 62.945. Population specific FST indices showed a negative and significant result for the whole data set. The phylogenetic tree indicates that the mitochondrial lineages of these sheep breeds originated from a common source, the Haplogroup B. This confirms the hypothesis that the domestication of African sheep was carried out in successive waves from Asia. The results of this study contribute to the knowledge of Cameroon sheep breeds and the plan conservation programs on Djallonke sheep.
{"title":"Genetic diversity of the Cameroon Western Highlands’ Djallonke sheep assessed by Mitochondrial d-loop","authors":"Ntsoli Justin, Meka Zibi Martin Arthur, Ayagirwe Basengere Rodrigue, Meutchieye Félix","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v6i1.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v6i1.200","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous livestock resources are strategic in the socio-economic of rural agricultural systems to ensure food and nutritional security in resource-poor countries. In Cameroon, small ruminant farming significantly contributes to food security and income generation. Given its great ecological variety, Cameroon hosts a large genetic diversity of sheep, but the knowledge on these is scanty. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity of Cameroon's Ovine genetic resources for their better use and conservation, an analysis of the Djallonke sheep genetic diversity based on the D loop of the ovine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was performed on the highlands of West Cameroon Djallonke breed. To achieve this, analyses of 16 sequences of a 989bp fragment of the mtDNA D-loop region from the population were conducted in conjunction with previously published sequences from African, European, Japanese and Chinese ovine genotypes. Fourteen haplotypes were observed with a high mean haplotype diversity of 1.0000±0.027, nucleotide diversity (π) of order of 0.11082±0.062. The average nucleotide difference between sequences taken two by two was 62.945. Population specific FST indices showed a negative and significant result for the whole data set. The phylogenetic tree indicates that the mitochondrial lineages of these sheep breeds originated from a common source, the Haplogroup B. This confirms the hypothesis that the domestication of African sheep was carried out in successive waves from Asia. The results of this study contribute to the knowledge of Cameroon sheep breeds and the plan conservation programs on Djallonke sheep.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87362443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Adoligbe, Tiburce Hounkeala, D. Djimènou, Santoze Adido, Appolinaire Goussanou, Richard Osei- Amponsah, D. Koudandé, S. Farougou
The present work involved updating information on the Muturu cattle breed in Benin, in order to design a sustainable breeding management scheme for its conservation. A total of 108 farmers were interviewed and 216 adult cattle physically looking like Muturu cattle as described previously were sampled in 6 departments of Southern Benin spread over 4 agro-ecological zones. Forty-one (41) qualitative traits were assessed and 10 to 11 morphometric measurements were carried out using the Animal Genetic Resources Characterisation, Inventory and Management Tool. The proportions and means obtained were analysed respectively by analysis of variance and two-tailed Z tests contained in the Agricola package of the R analysis software. The results showed that the lowest morphometric measurements were obtained from the animals of the department of Ouémé. These values were similar to those reported earlier in Muturu cattle. However, the highest values were obtained on animals from Mono and Couffo departments and were close to the values reported on taurine zebu cattle previously. Herd clustering results revealed the existence of subgroups in the populations of Muturu cattle of the Atlantic and Mono departments. Subject to confirmation by molecular testing, this study revealed that currently, Muturu cattle are found in the departments of Ouémé, Plateau and Atlantic in Benin where populations from Ouémé department are physically the closest to breed as described previously. The department of Zou has almost no Muturu cattle, and the departments of Couffo and Mono are dominated by Zebu x Muturu crossbreds. It is important therefore to design a conservation programme for the breed where it’s still found, as its existence would probably be linked to the preferences of the cattle keepers and the local communities and to its capacity to overcome the challenges of these ecosystems.
{"title":"Muturu Cattle Breed in Benin: Distribution, Phenotypic Diversity, Perception of Cattle Keepers and Implications for the Breed conservation","authors":"C. Adoligbe, Tiburce Hounkeala, D. Djimènou, Santoze Adido, Appolinaire Goussanou, Richard Osei- Amponsah, D. Koudandé, S. Farougou","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v6i1.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v6i1.210","url":null,"abstract":"The present work involved updating information on the Muturu cattle breed in Benin, in order to design a sustainable breeding management scheme for its conservation. A total of 108 farmers were interviewed and 216 adult cattle physically looking like Muturu cattle as described previously were sampled in 6 departments of Southern Benin spread over 4 agro-ecological zones. Forty-one (41) qualitative traits were assessed and 10 to 11 morphometric measurements were carried out using the Animal Genetic Resources Characterisation, Inventory and Management Tool. The proportions and means obtained were analysed respectively by analysis of variance and two-tailed Z tests contained in the Agricola package of the R analysis software. The results showed that the lowest morphometric measurements were obtained from the animals of the department of Ouémé. These values were similar to those reported earlier in Muturu cattle. However, the highest values were obtained on animals from Mono and Couffo departments and were close to the values reported on taurine zebu cattle previously. Herd clustering results revealed the existence of subgroups in the populations of Muturu cattle of the Atlantic and Mono departments. Subject to confirmation by molecular testing, this study revealed that currently, Muturu cattle are found in the departments of Ouémé, Plateau and Atlantic in Benin where populations from Ouémé department are physically the closest to breed as described previously. The department of Zou has almost no Muturu cattle, and the departments of Couffo and Mono are dominated by Zebu x Muturu crossbreds. It is important therefore to design a conservation programme for the breed where it’s still found, as its existence would probably be linked to the preferences of the cattle keepers and the local communities and to its capacity to overcome the challenges of these ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88352539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lipochromic mosaic canary is a cage bird breed present with different coat colors, red, and yellow, this breed presents a significant sexual dichromatism. Dichromatism in lipochromic mosaic canaries is explained by differential carotenoid degradation in the integument, rather than sex-specific variation in physiological functions such as pigment uptake or transport. Males have an intense color compared to females and especially at the shoulders and head. We studied sexual size dimorphism (SSD) because this study aimed to investigate whether gender has an impact on thirteen body measurements which are (Head Length, Head Width, Distance Between the Eyes, Beak Length, Beak Width, Chest Circumference, Body Length, Body Width, Wing Length, Sternum Length, Upper Tarsus Length, Lower Tarsus Length, and Tail Length) in 40 native lipochromic mosaic canaries (19 males and 21 females) raised in the Wilaya of Tlemcen Northwest of Algeria. The results showed that there were differences between genders for three characters that are CC (Chest Circumference), BL (Body Length), and WL (Wing Length). Males had more developed measurable traits than females.
{"title":"Morphological characterization and the significance of sexual differences in size among Lipochromic Mosaic Canary bird raised in the Wilaya of Tlemcen Northwest of Algeria","authors":"Hadi Youssouf Haddam, Belkacem Benbachir, Wissem Hamel, Hanaa Abdelbari, Mohamed El-Amine Benhammadi","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v6i1.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v6i1.196","url":null,"abstract":"The lipochromic mosaic canary is a cage bird breed present with different coat colors, red, and yellow, this breed presents a significant sexual dichromatism. Dichromatism in lipochromic mosaic canaries is explained by differential carotenoid degradation in the integument, rather than sex-specific variation in physiological functions such as pigment uptake or transport. Males have an intense color compared to females and especially at the shoulders and head. We studied sexual size dimorphism (SSD) because this study aimed to investigate whether gender has an impact on thirteen body measurements which are (Head Length, Head Width, Distance Between the Eyes, Beak Length, Beak Width, Chest Circumference, Body Length, Body Width, Wing Length, Sternum Length, Upper Tarsus Length, Lower Tarsus Length, and Tail Length) in 40 native lipochromic mosaic canaries (19 males and 21 females) raised in the Wilaya of Tlemcen Northwest of Algeria. The results showed that there were differences between genders for three characters that are CC (Chest Circumference), BL (Body Length), and WL (Wing Length). Males had more developed measurable traits than females.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76114911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. P. Bilolwa, D. F. Dongmo, C. N. Ntemunyi, K. D. Mwangomb, K. M. Tshishi, M. I. Tshibangu, M. F. Kampemba
Morpho-biometric characteristics of 342 local pigs from the rural areas of Kasenga and Kambove in Haut-Katanga province were studied with the objective to analyzing genetic variability, determining population structure, establishing phylogenetic relationships between the pig populations studied and identifying probable genetic types. The data collected were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering (HCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA). The main results showed that the first two principal components (F1 and F2) explained more than 61.5% of the total phenotypic variability observed in the pig population studied. The highly correlated variables are height at withers, shoulder length, body length, head length, hip width, pelvis length, neck circumference, muzzle length, tail length, hind leg length, hock length, foreleg length. The F1 axis is clearly related to height at withers, body length, shoulder length, and neck circumference, while F2 is mainly related to weight and foreleg length. Height at withers, shoulder length and body length seem to be the most discriminating variables. The study population would consist of three genetic types, which can be grouped into two subgroups based on intra/inter population variation and genetic distances. The quantitative parameters studied, and sex are the variables that best characterize the pig populations (p<0.05). The local pig is therefore an animal genetic resource with high breeding potential due to its biodiversity.
{"title":"Multivariate analysis of local pig populations in the rural areas of High-Katanga province, DR Congo","authors":"B. P. Bilolwa, D. F. Dongmo, C. N. Ntemunyi, K. D. Mwangomb, K. M. Tshishi, M. I. Tshibangu, M. F. Kampemba","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v6i1.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v6i1.204","url":null,"abstract":"Morpho-biometric characteristics of 342 local pigs from the rural areas of Kasenga and Kambove in Haut-Katanga province were studied with the objective to analyzing genetic variability, determining population structure, establishing phylogenetic relationships between the pig populations studied and identifying probable genetic types. The data collected were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering (HCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA). The main results showed that the first two principal components (F1 and F2) explained more than 61.5% of the total phenotypic variability observed in the pig population studied. The highly correlated variables are height at withers, shoulder length, body length, head length, hip width, pelvis length, neck circumference, muzzle length, tail length, hind leg length, hock length, foreleg length. The F1 axis is clearly related to height at withers, body length, shoulder length, and neck circumference, while F2 is mainly related to weight and foreleg length. Height at withers, shoulder length and body length seem to be the most discriminating variables. The study population would consist of three genetic types, which can be grouped into two subgroups based on intra/inter population variation and genetic distances. The quantitative parameters studied, and sex are the variables that best characterize the pig populations (p<0.05). The local pig is therefore an animal genetic resource with high breeding potential due to its biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73625606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, that is commonly known as SARS-CoV-2, appeared for the first time in December 2019 in the City of Wuhan (China) and has since affected most countries around the world, hence becoming a major global threat to all humans. The present study was carried out for the purpose of better understanding the molecular structure of this virus. It is based on the inventory and processing of all DNA sequences that have been published to date on the general biological data storage bank GenBank. In order to carry out this study, it was deemed necessary to use various bioinformatics tools such as MEGA 11 software for building the phylogenetic trees, DnaSP 6 for identifying haplotypes, NetWork 10 for determining phylogenetic networks, and DAMBE 7 to perform statistical analyses which were then supplemented by the new DnBA program that was developed in the present work. These analyses allowed us to classify the 11 SARS-CoV-2 genes under study into 3three categories; first, the most variable genes, such as ORF1ab, ORF3a, N, and S, next, the less variable genes, such as ORF8, ORF10, ORF7a, and ORF7b, and then the unvaried genes, such as ORF6, E, and M.
{"title":"A study of genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 using bioinformatics tools","authors":"Louiza Derouiche, Yasmine Benzayed, Maroua Belmihoub, Fatma Derouiche","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v6i1.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v6i1.206","url":null,"abstract":"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, that is commonly known as SARS-CoV-2, appeared for the first time in December 2019 in the City of Wuhan (China) and has since affected most countries around the world, hence becoming a major global threat to all humans. The present study was carried out for the purpose of better understanding the molecular structure of this virus. It is based on the inventory and processing of all DNA sequences that have been published to date on the general biological data storage bank GenBank. In order to carry out this study, it was deemed necessary to use various bioinformatics tools such as MEGA 11 software for building the phylogenetic trees, DnaSP 6 for identifying haplotypes, NetWork 10 for determining phylogenetic networks, and DAMBE 7 to perform statistical analyses which were then supplemented by the new DnBA program that was developed in the present work. These analyses allowed us to classify the 11 SARS-CoV-2 genes under study into 3three categories; first, the most variable genes, such as ORF1ab, ORF3a, N, and S, next, the less variable genes, such as ORF8, ORF10, ORF7a, and ORF7b, and then the unvaried genes, such as ORF6, E, and M.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73989744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed at describing objectively the interdependence among the morphological and heat tolerance traits of Nigerian indigenous pigs and to predict body weight from conformation traits. Data on body weight, eight linear body measurements (BL, CG, CD, WH, RH, EL, SL and TL) and three thermo-physiological parameters were measured on 150 randomly selected pigs of three growth stages (piglets, growers and finishers) from February to December, 2020. The animals were managed in an extensive system in Plateau State, north central Nigeria. General linear model was used to study growth stage and sex effects including their interaction. Multivariate principal component analysis was used for the size, shape and heat tolerance determination while the animals were classified using canonical discriminant analysis. The stepwise regression was used for body weight prediction. The results showed that finishers had significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight, body length, chest girth, chest depth, withers height, rump height, ear length, snout length and tail length, followed by growers while the least values were recorded in piglets. Pulse rate was not significantly different (P>0.05) between piglets and finishers, although the latter had higher respiratory rate (39.48±0.53 vs. 39.90±0.53 vs. 36.77±0.75). However, rectal temperature was similar (P>0.05) among the three pig categories. With the exception of tail length, sexual dimorphism was observed in all the morphometric traits with higher values recorded for males. However, the three thermo-physiological traits were not affected by sex (P>0.05). BW was highly and positively correlated with most biometric traits (r = 0.80-0.93, 0.66-0.80 and 0.83-0.93; P<0.01 for piglets, growers and finishers, respectively). Three principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) were extracted for optimal balance of the animals. Withers height, ear length and body weight were found to be the most discriminating variables to separate the pig categories. Classification results showed that 100% of piglets, 96.7% of growers and 96.7% of finishers were correctly assigned to their distinct populations. The present Information could be exploited in devising appropriate management and breeding programs for tropically adapted pigs in Nigeria.
{"title":"Multivariate analysis of body weight, morphometric and thermo-physiological traits of indigenous pigs under tropical conditions","authors":"A. Yakubu, Galle Durven, J. Hagan","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v6i1.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v6i1.202","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at describing objectively the interdependence among the morphological and heat tolerance traits of Nigerian indigenous pigs and to predict body weight from conformation traits. Data on body weight, eight linear body measurements (BL, CG, CD, WH, RH, EL, SL and TL) and three thermo-physiological parameters were measured on 150 randomly selected pigs of three growth stages (piglets, growers and finishers) from February to December, 2020. The animals were managed in an extensive system in Plateau State, north central Nigeria. General linear model was used to study growth stage and sex effects including their interaction. Multivariate principal component analysis was used for the size, shape and heat tolerance determination while the animals were classified using canonical discriminant analysis. The stepwise regression was used for body weight prediction. The results showed that finishers had significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight, body length, chest girth, chest depth, withers height, rump height, ear length, snout length and tail length, followed by growers while the least values were recorded in piglets. Pulse rate was not significantly different (P>0.05) between piglets and finishers, although the latter had higher respiratory rate (39.48±0.53 vs. 39.90±0.53 vs. 36.77±0.75). However, rectal temperature was similar (P>0.05) among the three pig categories. With the exception of tail length, sexual dimorphism was observed in all the morphometric traits with higher values recorded for males. However, the three thermo-physiological traits were not affected by sex (P>0.05). BW was highly and positively correlated with most biometric traits (r = 0.80-0.93, 0.66-0.80 and 0.83-0.93; P<0.01 for piglets, growers and finishers, respectively). Three principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) were extracted for optimal balance of the animals. Withers height, ear length and body weight were found to be the most discriminating variables to separate the pig categories. Classification results showed that 100% of piglets, 96.7% of growers and 96.7% of finishers were correctly assigned to their distinct populations. The present Information could be exploited in devising appropriate management and breeding programs for tropically adapted pigs in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83329533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeanne Wikondi, Djouatsa Juvenal Tonfack, F. Meutchieye, Tabi Minette Tomedi
The review was carried out during the months of October 2019 to July 2020. The goal was to carry out a literature review on aquaculture of Heterotis niloticus in order to contribute to a better knowledge of the breeding of commonly named African bonytongue in Africa. The review, based on 41 published papers starting from 1980 to 2020 concerning common fish and Heterotis niloticus farming research in Africa. The most farmed fish species documented were in order of importance, Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, Cyprinus carpio and the less documented was Heterotis niloticus. Heterotis niloticus is microphagous and omnivorous species. The standard and total length of male and female are statistically close but their body weight is different according to gender. The fingerlings of H. niloticus grows rapidly with a diet 36% of protein and 6% of lipids. In Africa, the Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of Heterotis niloticus varies between 3.22g/day to 4g/day. The GonadoSomatic Index (GSI) varies to 0.003% -0.6% and to 0.2%-2.2% respectively for male and female, which is correlated with period of spawning. The aquaculture of Heterotis niloticus has huge potentials in high fish demanding environment and therefore needs accurate data
{"title":"Aquaculture of Heterotis niloticus in Sub-Saharan Africa: Potentials and Perspectives","authors":"Jeanne Wikondi, Djouatsa Juvenal Tonfack, F. Meutchieye, Tabi Minette Tomedi","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v6i1.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v6i1.195","url":null,"abstract":"The review was carried out during the months of October 2019 to July 2020. The goal was to carry out a literature review on aquaculture of Heterotis niloticus in order to contribute to a better knowledge of the breeding of commonly named African bonytongue in Africa. The review, based on 41 published papers starting from 1980 to 2020 concerning common fish and Heterotis niloticus farming research in Africa. The most farmed fish species documented were in order of importance, Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, Cyprinus carpio and the less documented was Heterotis niloticus. Heterotis niloticus is microphagous and omnivorous species. The standard and total length of male and female are statistically close but their body weight is different according to gender. The fingerlings of H. niloticus grows rapidly with a diet 36% of protein and 6% of lipids. In Africa, the Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of Heterotis niloticus varies between 3.22g/day to 4g/day. The GonadoSomatic Index (GSI) varies to 0.003% -0.6% and to 0.2%-2.2% respectively for male and female, which is correlated with period of spawning. The aquaculture of Heterotis niloticus has huge potentials in high fish demanding environment and therefore needs accurate data","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81563972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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