Since the absence of studies dealing with the genetic biodiversity and phenotypical description of different breeds of quails in Algeria, we have initialized this work in order to investigate and to contribute in a characterization of the quails in some states. A total of 206 adult quails, distributed in 09 regions in Algeria from which 11 morphometric measurements and 11 phenotypic characters were selected for this study. The measurements Lie (wing length), Lq (tail length), Lc (neck length), Dg (big finger), Dm (medium finger), Dp (small finger), Lt (total length), Lts (tarsus length), Ab (abdomen), Lgp (chest width), Lbe (beak length), W (weight). A multiple correspondence factorial analysis was performed on the phenotypic characteristics, and reveals two main component that constitute 19.61% and 13.41% of inertia, percentages respectively related to the length of wing, of the tail, of neck, big finger, middle finger, little finger, the total length of abdomen, of the tarsal width, width of the chest, the length of the beak and weight. This analysis has made it possible to establish remarkable phenotypic differences which have implications to be taken into consideration in the characterization and conservation program of the species. We have found that the sex has no effect on the measurements parameters, except the weight. However, the effect pf the strain may have some differences on the morphometric measurements studied. Finally, it should be noted that the present work of morphometric characterization of high quail strains in Algeria deserves to be continued and developed in the future, based on the determination of zootechnical performances (productive and reproductive) of these strains, and also the preservation of this genetic heritage deemed important.
{"title":"Phenotypic and morphometric characterization of the various strains of quail raised in Algeria","authors":"S. Kadraoui, A. Mennani, S. Gaouar","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v4i1.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v4i1.127","url":null,"abstract":"Since the absence of studies dealing with the genetic biodiversity and phenotypical description of different breeds of quails in Algeria, we have initialized this work in order to investigate and to contribute in a characterization of the quails in some states. A total of 206 adult quails, distributed in 09 regions in Algeria from which 11 morphometric measurements and 11 phenotypic characters were selected for this study. The measurements Lie (wing length), Lq (tail length), Lc (neck length), Dg (big finger), Dm (medium finger), Dp (small finger), Lt (total length), Lts (tarsus length), Ab (abdomen), Lgp (chest width), Lbe (beak length), W (weight). A multiple correspondence factorial analysis was performed on the phenotypic characteristics, and reveals two main component that constitute 19.61% and 13.41% of inertia, percentages respectively related to the length of wing, of the tail, of neck, big finger, middle finger, little finger, the total length of abdomen, of the tarsal width, width of the chest, the length of the beak and weight. This analysis has made it possible to establish remarkable phenotypic differences which have implications to be taken into consideration in the characterization and conservation program of the species. We have found that the sex has no effect on the measurements parameters, except the weight. However, the effect pf the strain may have some differences on the morphometric measurements studied. Finally, it should be noted that the present work of morphometric characterization of high quail strains in Algeria deserves to be continued and developed in the future, based on the determination of zootechnical performances (productive and reproductive) of these strains, and also the preservation of this genetic heritage deemed important.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85324256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. R. M. Salih, I. Aradaib, A. Karrar, H. H. Gibreel
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was introduced in the year 2000 by Notomi, as a highly sensitive, specific and cost-effective technique for microbial identification. In contrast to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in which the reaction is carried out with a series of alternating temperature steps or cycles, isothermal amplification is carried out at a constant temperature and does not require a thermal cycler. LAMP, a simple DNA amplification technique, with its field amenable nature has been used to detect a variety of pathogens including viruses, fungi, bacteria and parasites and in most of the cases it surpasses polymerase chain reaction. In this study the authors investigated the Loop mediated isothermal amplification technique (LAMP) which is a novel nucleic acid amplification technique. They tried to apply LAMP technique to detection of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in dorcas gazelles. They designed LAMP specific primers for targeted gene and have verified the LAMP sensitivity up to 4 particles. The authors suggested that LAMP technique could be an appropriate replacement for PCR and may be useful in low resource or field settings where conventional DNA or RNA extraction prior.
{"title":"Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technique (LAMP): A rapid Tool For Detection Of mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Of Dorcas gazelle","authors":"R. R. M. Salih, I. Aradaib, A. Karrar, H. H. Gibreel","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v4i1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v4i1.129","url":null,"abstract":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was introduced in the year 2000 by Notomi, as a highly sensitive, specific and cost-effective technique for microbial identification. In contrast to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in which the reaction is carried out with a series of alternating temperature steps or cycles, isothermal amplification is carried out at a constant temperature and does not require a thermal cycler. LAMP, a simple DNA amplification technique, with its field amenable nature has been used to detect a variety of pathogens including viruses, fungi, bacteria and parasites and in most of the cases it surpasses polymerase chain reaction. In this study the authors investigated the Loop mediated isothermal amplification technique (LAMP) which is a novel nucleic acid amplification technique. They tried to apply LAMP technique to detection of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in dorcas gazelles. They designed LAMP specific primers for targeted gene and have verified the LAMP sensitivity up to 4 particles. The authors suggested that LAMP technique could be an appropriate replacement for PCR and may be useful in low resource or field settings where conventional DNA or RNA extraction prior.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77956622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie Hagstrup, D. Bruhn, K. Olsen, M. B. Lukassen, C. Pertoldi
Much is still to learn about the reintroducing of horses in rewilding in regards to their forage on woody species as horses are often categorized as true grazers and dwellers of the open habitat. Relative amount of woody vegetation and different woody species ingested by Exmoor-ponies (Equus feruscaballus) in the Rewilding Mols project area in the Mols BjergeNational Park, Denmark, during winter were determined using macroscopic analysis of faeces and DNA metabarcoding. This showed an increase in the relative amount of woody vegetation ingested during winter (December – February) peaking at 35.2% in January. The three most dominating woody species were common heather (Calluna vulgaris), common oak (Quercus robur), and scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris) with a total relative abundance in the diet throughout the entire study period of ‘10’%, ‘10’% and ‘6’%, respectively. No direct debarking by the Exmoor-ponies was observed nor evidence of debarking on trees in the area (data not shown).The current forage on woody vegetation during winter was concluded not to be significant in order to trigger canopy dieback and eventually cause retrogressive succession.If the goal for a specific rewilding project includes creation of clearings in forest stands one should reconsider the choice of Exmoor-ponies.
{"title":"Molecular study of dietary diversity of the Exmoor-ponies (Equus feruscaballus)","authors":"Marie Hagstrup, D. Bruhn, K. Olsen, M. B. Lukassen, C. Pertoldi","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V4I1.707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V4I1.707","url":null,"abstract":"Much is still to learn about the reintroducing of horses in rewilding in regards to their forage on woody species as horses are often categorized as true grazers and dwellers of the open habitat. Relative amount of woody vegetation and different woody species ingested by Exmoor-ponies (Equus feruscaballus) in the Rewilding Mols project area in the Mols BjergeNational Park, Denmark, during winter were determined using macroscopic analysis of faeces and DNA metabarcoding. This showed an increase in the relative amount of woody vegetation ingested during winter (December – February) peaking at 35.2% in January. The three most dominating woody species were common heather (Calluna vulgaris), common oak (Quercus robur), and scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris) with a total relative abundance in the diet throughout the entire study period of ‘10’%, ‘10’% and ‘6’%, respectively. No direct debarking by the Exmoor-ponies was observed nor evidence of debarking on trees in the area (data not shown).The current forage on woody vegetation during winter was concluded not to be significant in order to trigger canopy dieback and eventually cause retrogressive succession.If the goal for a specific rewilding project includes creation of clearings in forest stands one should reconsider the choice of Exmoor-ponies.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87154451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Meriem, Loukidi Bouchra, Taibi Warda, G. Baya, R. Karima, L. Alima, Azzi Rachid, M. Hafida, Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Our work focuses on the study of a medicinal plant Crocus sativus. L known as saffron, which is very popular and widely used as a spice and in traditional medicine. The purpose of this work was to compare saffron genotypes derived from three different regions, namely Tlemcen, Khenchela (Algeria) and Taliouine (Morocco).Phenotypic diversity was determined by the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H ') at different levels. The estimated H showed high phenotypic variability for different traits with an average H of 0.73. The results of the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (PCA) and the Hierarchical Classification (CAH) showed a clear distinction between genotypes. The study of phytochemical parameters it was made from water-acetone extracts of the stigmas. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, quinones, terpenoids and reducing compounds in the 3 regions stigma extracts; while Anthraquinones and saponins are absent in prepared extracts. The results showed polyphenols, and total flavonoids. The water-acetone extract of Khenchla’s stigmas was higher than Remchi’s. The samples from Taliouine is superior in in polyphenolic compounds (0.6 mg EAG / 100g MF), and flavonoids (0.895mg EQ / 100g MF) Crocus sativus. L stigma extract.
{"title":"Phenotypic and phytochemical diversity of saffron (Crocus Sativus L.)","authors":"D. Meriem, Loukidi Bouchra, Taibi Warda, G. Baya, R. Karima, L. Alima, Azzi Rachid, M. Hafida, Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v4i1.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v4i1.109","url":null,"abstract":"Our work focuses on the study of a medicinal plant Crocus sativus. L known as saffron, which is very popular and widely used as a spice and in traditional medicine. The purpose of this work was to compare saffron genotypes derived from three different regions, namely Tlemcen, Khenchela (Algeria) and Taliouine (Morocco).Phenotypic diversity was determined by the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H ') at different levels. The estimated H showed high phenotypic variability for different traits with an average H of 0.73. The results of the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (PCA) and the Hierarchical Classification (CAH) showed a clear distinction between genotypes. The study of phytochemical parameters it was made from water-acetone extracts of the stigmas. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, quinones, terpenoids and reducing compounds in the 3 regions stigma extracts; while Anthraquinones and saponins are absent in prepared extracts. The results showed polyphenols, and total flavonoids. The water-acetone extract of Khenchla’s stigmas was higher than Remchi’s. The samples from Taliouine is superior in in polyphenolic compounds (0.6 mg EAG / 100g MF), and flavonoids (0.895mg EQ / 100g MF) Crocus sativus. L stigma extract.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73045347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Wouobeng, Jaurès Kouam Simo, F. Meutchieye, Manjeli Yacouba, M. Agaba
The main objective was to contribute to a better understanding of molecular characteristics of the local goat in order to improve its productivity and specifically to: analyse genetic polymorphism of three prolificacy genes (BMP15, BMPR1B, and GDF9) and test the association of genetic polymorphism and prolificacy of local goats. Tissue samples were collected from 446 animals, and 24 representative female goats were selected to analyse the genetic polymorphism of the prolificacy genes. The selected goats were divided into two groups of 12 females for high prolificacy (more than three kids consecutively in four parity) and 12 females for low prolificacy (less than two kids consecutively in four parity). Chi-square was used to test the association between genetic polymorphism and prolificacy of local goat. The main results showed that BMP15 gene is monomorphic, whereas the two other genes (BMPR1B and GDF9) display polymorphism. For BMPR1B gene, the ten mutations found did not change the corresponding amino acid. Allelic and genotypes frequencies of mutations of this gene varied from one mutation to another and between the two groups of females (high and low prolificacy). Chi-square test of the polymorphism of this gene shows that C34T and A120G mutations of exon 3 are significantly associated (p < 0.05) with prolificacy and can be considered as potential genetic markers for improving prolificacy in the native goat. For the GDF9 gene, three mutations were detected in exon 1 with alleles A and G1 of frequency 0.261 and 0.130 for A35G; G2 and C1 of frequency 0.696 and 0.304 for G81C; then G3 and C2 of frequency 0.696 and 0.304 for G255C. The mutations G81C and G255C appeared under BLAST and were missense mutations P27A and A85G respectively while A35G is located in the non-translated 5’ region of the gene. Chi-square test between each genotype for any site and the prolificacy was not significant (P > 0.01) suggesting that these two characters are not associated. Two mutations were detected in exon 2 at C881T and A1160G sites with C and T and A and G alleles respectively. The two mutations changed the corresponding amino acid from Alanine to Valine at the position 273 in the protein and from Valine to Isoleucine at the position 397 in the protein respectively. Allelic and genotypes frequencies of mutations varied from one mutation to another and between the two groups of females (high and low prolificacy). Chi-square test of the polymorphism shows that, although C881T and A1160G mutations were not significantly associated (P > 0.05) with prolificacy, the alleles responsible for the variation of amino acid increased the litter size. Therefore, further studies with increased sample size will help to verify the results.
{"title":"Polymorphism of Prolificacy Genes (BMP15, BMPR 1B and GDF9), in the Native Goat (Capra hircus) of Cameroon","authors":"Patrick Wouobeng, Jaurès Kouam Simo, F. Meutchieye, Manjeli Yacouba, M. Agaba","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V4I1.705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V4I1.705","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective was to contribute to a better understanding of molecular characteristics of the local goat in order to improve its productivity and specifically to: analyse genetic polymorphism of three prolificacy genes (BMP15, BMPR1B, and GDF9) and test the association of genetic polymorphism and prolificacy of local goats. Tissue samples were collected from 446 animals, and 24 representative female goats were selected to analyse the genetic polymorphism of the prolificacy genes. The selected goats were divided into two groups of 12 females for high prolificacy (more than three kids consecutively in four parity) and 12 females for low prolificacy (less than two kids consecutively in four parity). Chi-square was used to test the association between genetic polymorphism and prolificacy of local goat. The main results showed that BMP15 gene is monomorphic, whereas the two other genes (BMPR1B and GDF9) display polymorphism. For BMPR1B gene, the ten mutations found did not change the corresponding amino acid. Allelic and genotypes frequencies of mutations of this gene varied from one mutation to another and between the two groups of females (high and low prolificacy). Chi-square test of the polymorphism of this gene shows that C34T and A120G mutations of exon 3 are significantly associated (p < 0.05) with prolificacy and can be considered as potential genetic markers for improving prolificacy in the native goat. For the GDF9 gene, three mutations were detected in exon 1 with alleles A and G1 of frequency 0.261 and 0.130 for A35G; G2 and C1 of frequency 0.696 and 0.304 for G81C; then G3 and C2 of frequency 0.696 and 0.304 for G255C. The mutations G81C and G255C appeared under BLAST and were missense mutations P27A and A85G respectively while A35G is located in the non-translated 5’ region of the gene. Chi-square test between each genotype for any site and the prolificacy was not significant (P > 0.01) suggesting that these two characters are not associated. Two mutations were detected in exon 2 at C881T and A1160G sites with C and T and A and G alleles respectively. The two mutations changed the corresponding amino acid from Alanine to Valine at the position 273 in the protein and from Valine to Isoleucine at the position 397 in the protein respectively. Allelic and genotypes frequencies of mutations varied from one mutation to another and between the two groups of females (high and low prolificacy). Chi-square test of the polymorphism shows that, although C881T and A1160G mutations were not significantly associated (P > 0.05) with prolificacy, the alleles responsible for the variation of amino acid increased the litter size. Therefore, further studies with increased sample size will help to verify the results.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80697819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tesfalem Aseged, Abebe Hailu, Abraham Assefa, T. Getachew, Manaye Misganaw, Seble Sinke, F. Getachew, S. Abegaz
The study was conducted on a total of 144 randomly selected households of goat keepers from Boset district of Oromia region and Minjar Shenkora district of Amhara region. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative data, and the data were organized and analyzed by using SPSS, version 23. The main purposes of keeping goats in the study area were mainly for cash income and meat production with an index of 0.37 and 0.23 in Boset and 0.44 and 0.23 in Minjar Shenkora district respectively. The fast growth rate, body size, and coat color of the animal were ranked as major selection criteria for breeding buck across the study area. Body condition score was considered as the first reason to cull breeding male (0.35) and female (0.31) in Boset district. Whereas, poor fertility and growth stand first as culling criteria for breeding females and males in Minjar Shenkora with an index of 0.37 and 0.32 respectively. Predator (with an index of 0.32) and shortage of grazing lands with an index of 0.28) were the major constraints of goat production in Boset and Minjar Shenkora districts. Therefore, any conservation and improvement program strategy that is intended to be implemented in the study area should consider the practical variation of the existed system, and the interest of the farmer
{"title":"Goat breeding practice and production constraints in Boset and Minjar Shenkora districts of Ethiopia","authors":"Tesfalem Aseged, Abebe Hailu, Abraham Assefa, T. Getachew, Manaye Misganaw, Seble Sinke, F. Getachew, S. Abegaz","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V5I2.951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V5I2.951","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted on a total of 144 randomly selected households of goat keepers from Boset district of Oromia region and Minjar Shenkora district of Amhara region. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative data, and the data were organized and analyzed by using SPSS, version 23. The main purposes of keeping goats in the study area were mainly for cash income and meat production with an index of 0.37 and 0.23 in Boset and 0.44 and 0.23 in Minjar Shenkora district respectively. The fast growth rate, body size, and coat color of the animal were ranked as major selection criteria for breeding buck across the study area. Body condition score was considered as the first reason to cull breeding male (0.35) and female (0.31) in Boset district. Whereas, poor fertility and growth stand first as culling criteria for breeding females and males in Minjar Shenkora with an index of 0.37 and 0.32 respectively. Predator (with an index of 0.32) and shortage of grazing lands with an index of 0.28) were the major constraints of goat production in Boset and Minjar Shenkora districts. Therefore, any conservation and improvement program strategy that is intended to be implemented in the study area should consider the practical variation of the existed system, and the interest of the farmer","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90796509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Poulsen, R. Madsen, Søren Boier Friis Sørensen, Troels Bramstrup Hansen, A. Gottschalk, A. C. Linder, A. Alstrup, S. Pagh, T. H. Jensen, C. Pertoldi
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are vulnerable to environmental changes, which often leads to the development of stereotypical behaviour in captivity.Multiple studies hadshownthat the usage of enrichment could reduce stereotypicalbehaviour in captive animals thereby, improving their welfare. When choosing enrichments,it is necessary to examine the individual personalities, since differences in behavioural reaction norms of the medianscould lead to different preferences among animals regarding the types of enrichment used.This study investigated the behaviour of three polar bears (one adult female and her two cubs)at Aalborg Zoo and whether different types of enrichment would have an impact on their behaviour and reduce stereotypes. Furthermore, this study also investigatedwhether the three polar bears differed in their behavioural reaction norms, behavioural instability, and behavioural diversity. No differences were found in behavioural reaction norms between the enrichment days and control days, except for, the skewness and kurtosis. The mother bear was observed to have more stereotypical behaviour than her cubs, which correlated well with her low behavioural diversity index. A significant difference in behavioural reaction norms was found between the mother and her cubs although, there was no difference between the cubs’ reaction norms. So, no significant differences in behavioural reaction normsand behavioural instability were found between thetwo cubs.
{"title":"Enrichment study in three captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Aalborg Zoo","authors":"M. Poulsen, R. Madsen, Søren Boier Friis Sørensen, Troels Bramstrup Hansen, A. Gottschalk, A. C. Linder, A. Alstrup, S. Pagh, T. H. Jensen, C. Pertoldi","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V5I2.960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V5I2.960","url":null,"abstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are vulnerable to environmental changes, which often leads to the development of stereotypical behaviour in captivity.Multiple studies hadshownthat the usage of enrichment could reduce stereotypicalbehaviour in captive animals thereby, improving their welfare. When choosing enrichments,it is necessary to examine the individual personalities, since differences in behavioural reaction norms of the medianscould lead to different preferences among animals regarding the types of enrichment used.This study investigated the behaviour of three polar bears (one adult female and her two cubs)at Aalborg Zoo and whether different types of enrichment would have an impact on their behaviour and reduce stereotypes. Furthermore, this study also investigatedwhether the three polar bears differed in their behavioural reaction norms, behavioural instability, and behavioural diversity. No differences were found in behavioural reaction norms between the enrichment days and control days, except for, the skewness and kurtosis. The mother bear was observed to have more stereotypical behaviour than her cubs, which correlated well with her low behavioural diversity index. A significant difference in behavioural reaction norms was found between the mother and her cubs although, there was no difference between the cubs’ reaction norms. So, no significant differences in behavioural reaction normsand behavioural instability were found between thetwo cubs.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89319488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dairy cattle husbandry systems in semi arid climate require adapting as a response to climate change. In this study, we focus on semi arid climate of Mediterranean region to assess the effect of heat stress on productive and physiological parameters of Holstein cows. The temperature-humidity index (THI), calculated as a combination of ambient temperature and relative humidity, was used to characterize heat stress. The averages of index (THI) are 71.7, 83.6 and 72.6 respectively for spring; summer and autumn. when the THI increased from average value 12 unit between spring and summer, the cows decreased their daily milk production (DMP) and dry matter intake (DMI) by 17.6 % kg/day and 22 % respectevelly. THI value was negatively correlated to DMP with regression equation DMP (kg /day) = -0,36THI+40.8 (r2 =0.72). in semi arid condition a daily increase was observed for RT, RR an HR respectively when the THI value increased from 71.7 to 83.6 (RT 38.6˚C to 39.1˚C; RR 49.3 inspiration/min to 71.6 inspiration/min and HR 52.6beat/min to 72.7 beat/min for spring and summer respectively) with positive correlation between THI and RR, HR and RT. significant seasonal variation was detected for all physiological parameters for spring, summer and autumn period. Summer heat stress affected the physiological functions of lactating Holstein cows reared under semi arid Mediterranean climatic conditions. The Holstein breed cows are sensitive to heat stress in semi arid conditions. In the context of cow breeding practiced in conditions of semi-arid heat stress, it is necessary to find alternatives in terms of management or genetic improvement, in order to alleviate the impact of climatic stress on performance and physiological parameters.
{"title":"Impact of heat stress on Holstein breeding performance conducted in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate. Case of Western Algeria.","authors":"Houari Yerou, Benamar Belgherbi, A. Homrani","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V5I2.954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V5I2.954","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The dairy cattle husbandry systems in semi arid climate require adapting as a response to climate change. In this study, we focus on semi arid climate of Mediterranean region to assess the effect of heat stress on productive and physiological parameters of Holstein cows. The temperature-humidity index (THI), calculated as a combination of ambient temperature and relative humidity, was used to characterize heat stress. The averages of index (THI) are 71.7, 83.6 and 72.6 respectively for spring; summer and autumn. when the THI increased from average value 12 unit between spring and summer, the cows decreased their daily milk production (DMP) and dry matter intake (DMI) by 17.6 % kg/day and 22 % respectevelly. THI value was negatively correlated to DMP with regression equation DMP (kg /day) = -0,36THI+40.8 (r2 =0.72). in semi arid condition a daily increase was observed for RT, RR an HR respectively when the THI value increased from 71.7 to 83.6 (RT 38.6˚C to 39.1˚C; RR 49.3 inspiration/min to 71.6 inspiration/min and HR 52.6beat/min to 72.7 beat/min for spring and summer respectively) with positive correlation between THI and RR, HR and RT. significant seasonal variation was detected for all physiological parameters for spring, summer and autumn period. Summer heat stress affected the physiological functions of lactating Holstein cows reared under semi arid Mediterranean climatic conditions. The Holstein breed cows are sensitive to heat stress in semi arid conditions. In the context of cow breeding practiced in conditions of semi-arid heat stress, it is necessary to find alternatives in terms of management or genetic improvement, in order to alleviate the impact of climatic stress on performance and physiological parameters. \u0000","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85262370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amel Mogharbi, Rida Mohammed Mediouni, A. A. Ameur, Nour Azzi, S. Gaouar
In order to identify domestic rabbit populations in the departement of Tiaret, thirteen morphological descriptors were applied. This study was based only on the phenotypic variability, all breeds are were defined according to the international standards based on external appearance. quantitative traits were measured on 70 rabbits belonging to different agroecological localities (Steppic, Mountainous and Saharian). A comparison was carried out in order to identify differences and similarities between males and females. The baryometric characterization reveals a significant phenotypic diversity at the population studied. Multiple correspondence factor analysis (MCA) and ascending hierarchical classification (CAH) identified three distinguished classes. In general, the local rabbit has an average weight of 1.97 kg, an average body length of 28.8 cm and a chest measurement of 26.11 cm.
{"title":"Morphometric characterization of domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus L.) in western Algeria","authors":"Amel Mogharbi, Rida Mohammed Mediouni, A. A. Ameur, Nour Azzi, S. Gaouar","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V5I2.957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V5I2.957","url":null,"abstract":"In order to identify domestic rabbit populations in the departement of Tiaret, thirteen morphological descriptors were applied. This study was based only on the phenotypic variability, all breeds are were defined according to the international standards based on external appearance. quantitative traits were measured on 70 rabbits belonging to different agroecological localities (Steppic, Mountainous and Saharian). A comparison was carried out in order to identify differences and similarities between males and females. The baryometric characterization reveals a significant phenotypic diversity at the population studied. Multiple correspondence factor analysis (MCA) and ascending hierarchical classification (CAH) identified three distinguished classes. In general, the local rabbit has an average weight of 1.97 kg, an average body length of 28.8 cm and a chest measurement of 26.11 cm.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80332213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Benali, Kamel Larbi Doukara, Sidi Mohammed Ghomari, M. Mediouni, Warda Taibi, D. Soualili, S. Gaouar
A total of 81 samples captured between November 2017 to September 2019 were morphometrically analyzed as part of this study. In this latter we tried to compare between the population of the dam (artificial environment) and the population of the river (natural environment) in two watersheds for two different species of Luciobarbus in western Algeria. Sites A (natural) and B (artificial) are located at almost the same altitude (285-571 m) whereas sites C (artificial) and D (natural) are located in two different altitudes (285-571 m) and (1078-1821 m) respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to test the significance of the variations of each morphometric character between the 4 populations (A, B, C and D). The values of all the external morphometric parameters were the highest in the population of the Boughrara dam followed by El-hammam river and Bouhanifia dam while the population of Chouly river showed the lowest morphometric measurements. The mean of total length (TL) and weight (Weight), for example, of the Boughrara dam were the largest of the four populations (33.03 ± 2.02 cm and 474.46 ± 116.76 g respectively) while those of the river Chouly were the smallest (15.44 ± 1.23 cm and 55.55 ± 13.01 respectively). The sex ratio analysis was performed by studying the overall sex ratio. Females were more abundant than males (1: 1.7). The graphical representation of Quantitative Variables by PCA showed that the morphometric variables are all positively correlated with each other by quite different rates. The Shannon and Weaver index was calculated from the different characters in the four regions studied: A, B, C and D. The region of site B (Bouhanifia dam) had the highest average diversity index with 0.92, followed by the region of site A (El-hammam river) (0.88). The lowest mean value was found in site C (Chouly river) (0.29).
{"title":"Morphometric Characteristics of Luciobarbusmascarensis and L. lanigarensis (teleostei: cyprinidae) in western Algeria","authors":"S. Benali, Kamel Larbi Doukara, Sidi Mohammed Ghomari, M. Mediouni, Warda Taibi, D. Soualili, S. Gaouar","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V5I2.956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V5I2.956","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 81 samples captured between November 2017 to September 2019 were morphometrically analyzed as part of this study. In this latter we tried to compare between the population of the dam (artificial environment) and the population of the river (natural environment) in two watersheds for two different species of Luciobarbus in western Algeria. Sites A (natural) and B (artificial) are located at almost the same altitude (285-571 m) whereas sites C (artificial) and D (natural) are located in two different altitudes (285-571 m) and (1078-1821 m) respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to test the significance of the variations of each morphometric character between the 4 populations (A, B, C and D). The values of all the external morphometric parameters were the highest in the population of the Boughrara dam followed by El-hammam river and Bouhanifia dam while the population of Chouly river showed the lowest morphometric measurements. The mean of total length (TL) and weight (Weight), for example, of the Boughrara dam were the largest of the four populations (33.03 ± 2.02 cm and 474.46 ± 116.76 g respectively) while those of the river Chouly were the smallest (15.44 ± 1.23 cm and 55.55 ± 13.01 respectively). The sex ratio analysis was performed by studying the overall sex ratio. Females were more abundant than males (1: 1.7). The graphical representation of Quantitative Variables by PCA showed that the morphometric variables are all positively correlated with each other by quite different rates. The Shannon and Weaver index was calculated from the different characters in the four regions studied: A, B, C and D. The region of site B (Bouhanifia dam) had the highest average diversity index with 0.92, followed by the region of site A (El-hammam river) (0.88). The lowest mean value was found in site C (Chouly river) (0.29).","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89638299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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